The philosophy of Wanyore metaphor: A semantic approach

This paper sought to analyse the philosophy of metaphor in the Banyore proverbs. The paper identified different types of metaphors in the Banyore proverbs and evaluated the metaphor philosophy in the proverbs. This was guided by Relevance: Communication and Cognitive Theory, founded by Sperber and Wilson (2004 & 1986). The Relevance: Communication and Cognitive Theory by Sperber and Wilson (1986) was used to analyse, explain and interpret philosophy and meaning of metaphors in the Banyore proverbs. The study population was conducted on the Banyore natives of Emuhaya and Luanda sub-counties in Vihiga County. Purposive sampling was used to get the Banyore natives who speak the Banyore language and who are fully conversant with the Banyore proverbs. Data collection was done through content analysis and interview. Research instruments included interview schedules and questionnaires. The proverbs were recorded, translated and interpreted in Kiswahili. The research findings established that Banyore proverbs are rich in various philosophies such as forgiveness and reconciliation of the society, marriage and family life. The importance of research findings include documentation of the Banyore proverbs which are rich in their philosophical meaning

EFFECT OF STEREOTYPE ON EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR PEOPLE LIVING WITH DISABILITIES IN SELECTED UNIVERSITIES IN KENYA

All over the world, reports from different organizations say that people living with disabilities (PLWDs) are underemployed. In Kenya besides many organizations lobbying for the increased employment of PLWDs, amplified by the constitution that at least 5% elective positions must be spared for (PLWDs) there is lower rate of employment. For example the entire cabinet and parastatal secretaries of about twenty six people only one is disabled. The empirical review has pointed out that education has affected negatively on people with disability employment; the employer stereotype also has made it difficult for PLWDs to attain jobs. The literature revealed that the organizational culture is of dare consequences as it may work against the advantage of the disabled, also inaccessibility inhibit Disabled employees from accessing organizational facilities. The employer perception in the literature shows that employers view people living with disabilities as costly. The objective of the study investigated the challenges facing employment opportunities for PLWDs while the specific objectives investigated; the effect of education on employment opportunities for People Living With Disability, to find out the effect of organizational culture on employment opportunities for People Living With Disability, to investigate the effect of employer stereotype on employment opportunities for People Living With Disability, and to investigate the effect of employer perception on employment opportunities for People Living With Disability. The target population was all People Living with Disability employees in selected Universities in Kenya and associations of People Living with Disabilities in Kenya. The sample size was all employees living with Disabilities and all members of the association of People Living with Disabilities in Murang’a County. The findings were presented in tabular form. Both Descriptive statistics i.e. mean standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis and inferential statistics i.e. Correlation, Regression, ANOVA models were used to analyze the findings. The findings showed that People Living with Disabilities do not secure employment opportunities due to: lack of required Skills; lack of available accessible organizational facilities; stringent organizational culture; negative employee stereotype; and negative employer perception towards employees. The study recommended that for people living with disabilities to increase their employment opportunities, their educational level, working experience have to be enhanced. The organizational facilities have to be made available and accessible to PLWDs. The organizational culture has to be changed to embrace acceptable performance not high performance, be less bureaucratic, and equal measures in performance have to be changed to favor customized to individual nature of being

EFFECT OF EDUCATIONAL ON EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR PEOPLE LIVING WITH DISABILITIES IN SELECTED UNIVERSITIES IN KENYA

All over the world, reports from different organizations say that people living with disabilities (PLWDs) are underemployed. In Kenya besides many organizations lobbying for the increased employment of PLWDs, amplified by the constitution that at least 5% elective positions must be spared for (PLWDs) there is lower rate of employment. For example the entire cabinet and parastatal secretaries of about twenty six people only one is disabled. The empirical review has pointed out that education has affected negatively on people with disability employment; the employer stereotype also has made it difficult for PLWDs to attain jobs. The literature revealed that the organizational culture is of dare consequences as it may work against the advantage of the disabled, also inaccessibility inhibit Disabled employees from accessing organizational facilities. The employer perception in the literature shows that employers view people living with disabilities as costly. The objective of the study investigated the challenges facing employment opportunities for PLWDs while the specific objective investigated; the effect of education on employment opportunities for People Living With Disability. The target population was all People Living with Disability employees in selected Universities in Kenya and associations of People Living with Disabilities in Kenya. The sample size was all employees living with Disabilities and all members of the association of People Living with Disabilities in Murang’a County. The findings were presented in tabular form. Both Descriptive statistics i.e. mean standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis and inferential statistics i.e. Correlation, Regression, ANOVA models were used to analyze the findings. The findings showed that People Living with Disabilities do not secure employment opportunities due to: lack of required Education and Skills. The study recommended that for people living with disabilities to increase their employment opportunities, their Educational level, working experience have to be enhance

Organoid cultures derived from patients with advanced prostate cancer

The lack of in vitro prostate cancer models that recapitulate the diversity of human prostate cancer has hampered progress in understanding disease pathogenesis and therapy response. Using a 3D organoid system, we report success in long-term culture of prostate cancer from biopsy specimens and circulating tumor cells. The first seven fully characterized organoid lines recapitulate the molecular diversity of prostate cancer subtypes, including TMPRSS2-ERG fusion, SPOP mutation, SPINK1 overexpression, and CHD1 loss. Whole-exome sequencing shows a low mutational burden, consistent with genomics studies, but with mutations in FOXA1 and PIK3R1, as well as in DNA repair and chromatin modifier pathways that have been reported in advanced disease. Loss of p53 and RB tumor suppressor pathway function are the most common feature shared across the organoid lines. The methodology described here should enable the generation of a large repertoire of patient-derived prostate cancer lines amenable to genetic and pharmacologic studies

Neonatal mortality in Kenyan hospitals: a multisite, retrospective, cohort study

Background Most of the deaths among neonates in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) can be prevented through universal access to basic high-quality health services including essential facility-based inpatient care. However, poor routine data undermines data-informed efforts to monitor and promote improvements in the quality of newborn care across hospitals.Methods Continuously collected routine patients’ data from structured paper record forms for all admissions to newborn units (NBUs) from 16 purposively selected Kenyan public hospitals that are part of a clinical information network were analysed together with data from all paediatric admissions ages 0–13 years from 14 of these hospitals. Data are used to show the proportion of all admissions and deaths in the neonatal age group and examine morbidity and mortality patterns, stratified by birth weight, and their variation across hospitals.Findings During the 354 hospital months study period, 90 222 patients were admitted to the 14 hospitals contributing NBU and general paediatric ward data. 46% of all the admissions were neonates (aged 0–28 days), but they accounted for 66% of the deaths in the age group 0–13 years. 41 657 inborn neonates were admitted in the NBUs across the 16 hospitals during the study period. 4266/41 657 died giving a crude mortality rate of 10.2% (95% CI 9.97% to 10.55%), with 60% of these deaths occurring on the first-day of admission. Intrapartum-related complications was the single most common diagnosis among the neonates with birth weight of 2000 g or more who died. A threefold variation in mortality across hospitals was observed for birth weight categories 1000–1499 g and 1500–1999 g.Interpretation The high proportion of neonatal deaths in hospitals may reflect changing patterns of childhood mortality. Majority of newborns died of preventable causes (>95%). Despite availability of high-impact low-cost interventions, hospitals have high and very variable mortality proportions after stratification by birth weight