The Source of Stress of Students During Pandemic COVID-19: a Qualitative Study

The COVID-19 pandemic can lead to students' mental health problems, such as anxiety, depression, and stress. The government's policy for study from home exacerbates mental health problems. This study aimed to determine the source of student stress during the study from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study design used qualitative research. The sampling technique uses consecutive sampling. This research involved 36 students from the faculty of psychology and the faculty of medicine in Bandung city who underwent study from home (SFH). Data were collected by interviewing participants in May 2020. This study's results are the dominant thing that participants feel during the study from home is boredom, relaxed, and complicated; the things they missed during learning at home were friends, playing, and chatting; and they feel fear, sadness, and anxiety when heard the news about COVID-19. This study concludes that the source of student stress was being far from friends, limited communication and face-to-face contact with friends and lecturers, and did not get direct attention from friends or lecturers.   SUMBER STRES MAHASISWA SELAMA MASA PANDEMIK COVID-19: PENELITIAN KUALITATIF Pandemik COVID-19 dapat mengakibatkan masalah kesehatan mental untuk mahasiswa seperti kecemasan, depresi, dan stress. Kebijakan pemerintah untuk melakukan pendidikan jarak jauh (PJJ) telah memperburuk masalah kesehatan mental. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan sumber stres mahasiswa selama menjalani PJJ di masa pandemik COVID-19. Desain penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Metode pengambilan sampel adalah consecutive sampling dengan melibatkan 36 mahasiswa dari fakultas psikologi dan fakultas kedokteran di Kota Bandung yang menjalani PJJ. Data diambil dengan melakukan wawancara kepada partisipan pada bulan Mei 2020. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah perasaan dominan yang dirasakan partisipan selama PJJ adalah bosan, santai dan tidak praktis; hal yang dirindukan selama masa kuliah di rumah adalah teman, bermain dan mengobrol; dan hal yang terlintas ketika mendengar berita tentang COVID-19 adalah takut, sedih dan cemas. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah sumber stres mahasiswa adalah merasa jauh dengan teman, komunikasi dan kontak tatap muka dengan teman dan dosen yang terbatas serta tidak mendapatkan perhatian langsung dari teman dan dosen

Measuring Envy Level among Students of Faculty of Medicine

Envy is a negative emotion that painful and unpleasant, caused by feelings of inferiority when someone compared themselves to others. Envy is divided into benign and malicious envy. Benign envy could be leverage to motivate someone to improve themselves until they reach or even exceed the envied person’s level. In contrast, malicious is destructive that someone could do anything to pull the envied person down to the same level as themselves or even lower. This study aimed to measure benign and malicious envy among the students of the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Islam Bandung. It was a descriptive study involving 152 students. Measurement made using the Benign and Malicious Envy Scale (BeMaS), which uses 6 points Likert scale during November 2019. Data analysis using Microsoft Excel. The study results showed envy among the students dominated by positive or productive envy, the mean value for benign envy (4.57), and malicious envy (1.92). It showed that benign envy push students to be more competitive rather than destructive envy. The conclusion of this study that the level of envy students of the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Islam Bandung dominated by benign envy. The faculty is responsible for developing strategies to increase the benign envy level and control the malicious envy level.   PENGUKURAN TINGKAT IRI PADA MAHASISWA SEBUAH FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN Iri adalah emosi negatif menyakitkan dan tidak menyenangkan yang diakibatkan oleh perasaan inferior ketika membandingkan diri dengan orang lain. Iri terbagi atas benign envy dan malicious envy. Benign envy bersifat memotivasi seseorang untuk terus memperbaiki diri sampai mencapai bahkan melebihi apa yang dimiliki kompetitornya. Sebaliknya, malicious envy bersifat destruktif ketika seseorang berupaya untuk menarik kompetitornya ke level yang sama dengan dirinya atau bahkan lebih rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur tingkat benign dan malicious envy pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Bandung. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan melibatkan 152 mahasiswa sebagai subjek penelitian. Pengukuran dilakukan menggunakan Benign and Malicious Envy Scale (BeMaS) selama November 2019  menggunakan 6 poin Skala Likert dan analisis data menggunakan Microsoft Excel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata benign envy (4,57) lebih tinggi dibanding dengan malicious envy (1,92). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa iri yang bersifat positif atau produktif jauh lebih tinggi dibanding dengan nilai iri yang bersifat destruktif. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah bahwa tingkat iri pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Bandung lebih dominan pada benign envy dibanding dengan malicious envy. Tugas fakultas adalah mengembangkan strategi agar dapat meningkatkan nilai benign envy serta berupaya mengendalikan tingkat malicious envy

The Need for Adolescent Mental Health Intervention in Primary Health Care

Mental health problems in adolescents became a global concern. About 10–20% of children and adolescents worldwide experience mental health problems, but only about 10% get medical attention. This study aims to perform an initial screening of adolescent mental health in Bandung, especially adolescents at school age, to get the magnitude of the problem of mental health in adolescents. This research was a cross-sectional study conducted in Bandung. Data collected in December 2018. The study used consecutive sampling to recruit 140 students from junior and senior high schools. The instrument used was the strength and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) YR1 version, which was filled independently by respondents. Data were analyzed using STATA 13. The results of this study were that the prevalence of mental health problems in adolescents was 21%. The highest aspect was emotional (28%) and conducted problems (21%). There was a significant different male versus female in emotional and conduction problems. In conclusion, the magnitude of the adolescent's mental health problems in Bandung was enormous; thus, interventions at the primary care level and partnership with another sector needed.   PERLU INTERVENSI KESEHATAN MENTAL REMAJA DI PELAYANAN KESEHATAN PRIMER Masalah kesehatan mental pada remaja telah menjadi perhatian dunia. Sekitar 10–20% anak dan remaja di seluruh dunia mengalami masalah kesehatan mental, tetapi hanya 10% yang mendapatkan pelayanan kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini melakukan penapisan awal besaran masalah kesehatan mental pada remaja usia sekolah di Kabupaten Bandung. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang yang dilakukan di Kabupaten Bandung. Data dikumpulkan pada bulan Desember 2018 menggunakan consecutive sampling dengan melibatkan 140 siswa SMP dan SMA. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah strength and difficulties questionaire (SDQ) YR1 version yang diisi oleh responden. Data dianalisis menggunakan STATA 13. Hasil penelitian didapatkan prevalensi masalah kesehatan mental pada remaja adalah 21%. Aspek penilaian tertinggi berada pada masalah emosional (28%) dan conducting problem (21%). Terdapat perbedaan nilai yang siginifikan untuk aspek emosinal dan conduct problem antara kelompok laki-laki dan perempuan. Simpulan, masalah kesehatan mental remaja di Kabupaten Bandung sangat besar sehingga dibutuhkan penanganan kesehatan mental remaja di tingkat pelayanan kesehatan primer dan kerja sama dengan sektor lain

Implementation of Environmental Health Management to Achieve Open Defecation Free in Tamansari Village in Bandung

Proper sanitation will ensure the community is healthy and reduce most infectious diseases' transmission, especially water-borne diseases. Open defecation has a significant effect on public health. Sanitation coverage data from the Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia in 2018 shows that open defecation is still high, including in Bandung city. This study aims to analyze the implementation of environmental health management programs that have been implemented in Tamansari village in Bandung city. This research is a qualitative research conducted in Tamansari village in Bandung city. The data were collected from May to August 2021 through Focus Group Discussion with cadres and in-depth interviews with informants from the village head, a representative from a non-governmental group, and cadres. The results of this study indicate that the process of planning, organizing, mobilizing, and controlling has been running according to the theory. Obstacles faced by the village in achieving open defecation free include funds, land, community understanding, and sub-optimal supervision.   PENERAPAN MANAJEMEN KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN UNTUK MENCAPAI BEBAS BUANG AIR BESAR SEMBARANGAN DI KELURAHAN TAMANSARI BANDUNG Sanitasi yang layak akan memastikan masyarakat berada dalam lingkungan yang sehat dan mengurangi sebagian besar penularan penyakit infeksi terutama penyakit yang ditularkan melalui air. Buang air besar (BAB) sembarangan memiliki efek yang sangat besar bagi kesehatan masyarakat. Data cakupan sanitasi dari Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia tahun 2018 menunjukkan bahwa perilaku BAB sembarangan masih tinggi termasuk di Kota Bandung. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis penerapan program manajemen kesehatan lingkungan yang telah dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Tamansari Kota Bandung. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang dilakukan di Kelurahan Tamansari Kota Bandung. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada bulan Mei hingga Agustus 2021 melalui Focus Group Discussion dengan kader dan wawancara mendalam dengan lurah, perwakilan kelompok swadaya masyarakat, dan kader. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proses perencanaan, pengorganisasian, penggerakan, dan pengawasan sudah berjalan sesuai dengan teori. Kendala yang dihadapi oleh kelurahan dalam mencapai bebas BAB sembarangan antara lain dana, lahan, pemahaman masyarakat, dan pengawasan yang belum optimal

Level of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress of College Students in Indonesia during the Pandemic COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a shift in learning methods to online. The obstacles felt by college students can have an impact on mental health. However, data on student mental health in Indonesia during the pandemic is still limited. This study describes the depression, anxiety, and stress of college students in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research method is descriptive, conducted on college students in Indonesia from July to August 2021. Sampling is done by voluntary sampling collection, with 258 respondents. The research instrument is a questionnaire of characteristics and depression, anxiety, stress scale (DASS) 42 in the form of Google Form. Data analysis using Microsoft Excel. The results of the research on the characteristics of the most respondents, namely, age in the range of 20–24 years (85.3%), female (64.7%), from Java (60.8), third grade (66.7%), living with parents (74.8%), and from the faculty of medicine (23.3%). More college students are not depressed (55.0%) or not stressed (57.4%) than those who are depressed or stressed. However, more college students experience anxiety than those who are not anxious, 60.1%. Based on the level, most college students experienced moderate depression (12.8%), very severe anxiety (20.9%), and severe stress (13.6%). This study concludes that most college students experience moderate depression, very severe anxiety, and severe stress. The success of online education depends on several factors, such as basic technical skills and the ability to access hardware and software, good self-motivation, and the availability of a conducive learning environment. This problem can have an impact on the mental health of college students.   TINGKAT DEPRESI, KECEMASAN, DAN STRES PADA MAHASISWA DI INDONESIA SELAMA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 Pandemi COVID-19 menyebabkan peralihan metode pembelajaran menjadi daring. Terdapat manfaat dan kendala pada pembelajaran daring. Kendala yang dirasakan mahasiswa dapat berdampak pada kesehatan mental. Data kesehatan mental mahasiswa di Indonesia selama pandemik masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan depresi, kecemasan, dan stres pada mahasiswa di Indonesia selama masa pandemi COVID-19. Metode penelitian adalah deskriptif yang dilakukan pada mahasiswa di Indonesia pada Juli hingga Agustus 2021. Pengambilan sampel dengan cara sampling sukarela dengan jumlah responden 258 orang. Instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner karakteristik dan depression, anxiety, stress scale (DASS) 42 dalam bentuk Google Form. Analisis data menggunakan Microsoft Excel. Hasil penelitian karakteristik responden yang terbanyak, yaitu usia pada rentang 20–24 tahun (85,3%), perempuan (64,7%), berasal dari Pulau Jawa (60,8), tingkat tiga (66,7%), tinggal bersama orangtua (74,8%), dan dari fakultas kedokteran (23,3%). Lebih banyak mahasiswa yang tidak depresi (55,0%) atau tidak stres (57,4%) daripada yang depresi atau stres. Namun, lebih banyak mahasiswa yang mengalami kecemasan daripada yang tidak cemas, yaitu 60,1%. Berdasar atas tingkatannya, mahasiswa paling banyak mengalami depresi sedang (12,8%), kecemasan sangat berat (20,9%), dan stres berat (13,6%). Simpulan penelitian ini adalah sebagian besar mahasiswa mengalami depresi sedang, kecemasan sangat berat, dan stres berat. Keberhasilan pendidikan daring bergantung pada beberapa faktor seperti keterampilan teknis dasar dan kemampuan mengakses perangkat keras dan lunak, motivasi diri yang baik, serta ketersediaan lingkungan belajar yang kondusif. Terkendalanya hal ini dapat berdampak pada kesehatan mental mahasiswa

Is Resilience Knowledge Related to the Mental Health of First-Year Medical Students?

The many demands faced by first-year medical students can impact mental health. For students to function well, resilience is needed. This study aimed to determine the relationship between resilience knowledge and the mental health of first-year medical students. This quantitative study was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Bandung, in October 2022. Respondents were 92 students in the first 2022/2023 academic year—data collection method was by distributing two Google Forms links. The first contains a pre-test regarding resilience knowledge, while the second includes the self-reporting questionnaire-29 (SRQ-29). Univariate analysis used distribution assumptions, frequency distribution (median, mean, standard deviation), and proportion distribution (percentage, 95% CI). Bivariate analysis used the ttest, Wilcoxon test, and chi-square test. Most respondents were female, 59% (95% CI=52.62, 72.37). The majority of respondents were 18 years old. The highest order of mental health screening was post-traumatic stress disordersymptoms at 59% (95% CI=48.27, 68.39), mental-emotional disorder (anxiety and depression) symptoms at 37% (95% CI=27.62, 47.37), and psychotic symptoms at 27% (95% CI 18.98, 37.28). No respondents experienced symptoms of narcotic or psychotropic drugs. Respondents who indicated mental health disorders were more significant than those who did not, namely 60% (95% CI=49.35, 69.39). There was no relationship between resilience knowledge and mental health (p=0.75). Respondent's understanding of resilience was good, but more indicated mental health disorders

Digital health literacy for COVID-19 vaccination and intention to be immunized: A cross sectional multi-country study among the general adult population

Introduction: It is clear that medical science has advanced much in the past few decades with the development of vaccines and this is even true for the novel coronavirus outbreak. By late 2020, COVID-19 vaccines were starting to be approved by national and global regulators, and across 2021, there was a global rollout of several vaccines. Despite rolling out vaccination programs successfully, there has been a cause of concern regarding uptake of vaccine due to vaccine hesitancy. In tackling the vaccine hesitancy and improving the overall vaccination rates, digital health literacy (DHL) could play a major role. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the digital health literacy and its relevance to the COVID-19 vaccination.Methods: An internet-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from April to August 2021 using convenience sampling among people from different countries. Participants were asked about their level of intention to the COVID-19 vaccine. Participants completed the Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI), which was adapted in the context of the COVID Health Literacy Network. Cross-tabulation and logistic regression were used for analysis purpose.Results: Overall, the mean DHL score was 35.1 (SD = 6.9, Range = 12-48). The mean DHL score for those who answered "Yes" for "support for national vaccination schedule" was 36.1 (SD 6.7) compared to 32.5 (SD 6.8) for those who either answered "No" or "Don't know". Factors including country, place of residence, education, employment, and income were associated with the intention for vaccination. Odds of vaccine intention were higher in urban respondents (OR-1.46; C.I.-1.30-1.64) than in rural respondents. Further, higher competency in assessing the relevance of online information resulted in significantly higher intention for vaccine uptake.Conclusion: Priority should be given to improving DHL and vaccination awareness programs targeting rural areas, lower education level, lower income, and unemployed groups.</p

Perception towards vaccine effectiveness in controlling COVID-19 spread in rural and urban communities:a global survey

INTRODUCTION: Several studies exhibited varying reports of perception toward vaccine effectiveness, vaccine hesitancy, and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines. As this fluctuated with evidence generation, this study explored the perception toward vaccine effectiveness in rural and urban communities among various countries. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted online from April to August 2021 using convenience sampling among people from different countries approved by the Asia Metropolitan University Medical Research and Ethics. We adapted the questionnaire from the World Health Organization's (WHO) survey tool and guidance on COVID-19. The logistic regression models were performed to show perception toward vaccine effectiveness. RESULTS: A total of 5,673 participants responded to the online survey. Overall, 64% of participants agreed that the vaccine effectively controlled viral spread, and 23% agreed that there was no need for vaccination if others were vaccinated. Males had 14% higher odds of believing that there was no need for vaccination. Less social media users had 39% higher odds of developing the belief that there is no need for vaccination than all other people vaccinated. CONCLUSION: People's perceptions toward vaccine acceptance have fluctuated with the information flow in various social media and the severity of COVID-19 cases. Therefore, it is important that the current scenario of peoples' perception toward vaccine acceptance and determinants affecting the acceptance are explored to promote the vaccination approach against COVID-19 prevention and transmission effectively

Perceived COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness, acceptance, and drivers of vaccination decision-making among the general adult population: a global survey of 20 countries

Background: mass vaccination campaigns have significantly reduced the COVID-19 burden. However, vaccine hesitancy has posed significant global concerns. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics that influence perceptions of COVID-19 vaccine efficacy, acceptability, hesitancy and decision making to take vaccine among general adult populations in a variety of socioeconomic and cultural contexts.Methods: using a snowball sampling approach, we conducted an online cross-sectional study in 20 countries across four continents from February to May 2021.Results: a total of 10,477 participants were included in the analyses with a mean age of 36±14.3 years. The findings revealed the prevalence of perceptions towards COVID-19 vaccine’s effectiveness (78.8%), acceptance (81.8%), hesitancy (47.2%), and drivers of vaccination decision-making (convenience [73.3%], health providers’ advice [81.8%], and costs [57.0%]). The county-wise distribution included effectiveness (67.8–95.9%; 67.8% in Egypt to 95.9% in Malaysia), acceptance (64.7–96.0%; 64.7% in Australia to 96.0% in Malaysia), hesitancy (31.5–86.0%; 31.5% in Egypt to 86.0% in Vietnam), convenience (49.7–95.7%; 49.7% in Austria to 95.7% in Malaysia), advice (66.1–97.3%; 66.1% in Austria to 97.3% in Malaysia), and costs (16.0–91.3%; 16.0% in Vietnam to 91.3% in Malaysia). In multivariable regression analysis, several socio-demographic characteristics were identified as associated factors of outcome variables including, i) vaccine effectiveness: younger age, male, urban residence, higher education, and higher income; ii) acceptance: younger age, male, urban residence, higher education, married, and higher income; and iii) hesitancy: male, higher education, employed, unmarried, and lower income. Likewise, the factors associated with vaccination decision-making including i) convenience: younger age, urban residence, higher education, married, and lower income; ii) advice: younger age, urban residence, higher education, unemployed/student, married, and medium income; and iii) costs: younger age, higher education, unemployed/student, and lower income.Conclusions: most participants believed that vaccination would effectively control and prevent COVID-19, and they would take vaccinations upon availability. Determinant factors found in this study are critical and should be considered as essential elements in developing COVID-19 vaccination campaigns to boost vaccination uptake in the populations

Data_Sheet_1_Digital health literacy for COVID-19 vaccination and intention to be immunized: A cross sectional multi-country study among the general adult population.docx

IntroductionIt is clear that medical science has advanced much in the past few decades with the development of vaccines and this is even true for the novel coronavirus outbreak. By late 2020, COVID-19 vaccines were starting to be approved by national and global regulators, and across 2021, there was a global rollout of several vaccines. Despite rolling out vaccination programs successfully, there has been a cause of concern regarding uptake of vaccine due to vaccine hesitancy. In tackling the vaccine hesitancy and improving the overall vaccination rates, digital health literacy (DHL) could play a major role. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the digital health literacy and its relevance to the COVID-19 vaccination.MethodsAn internet-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from April to August 2021 using convenience sampling among people from different countries. Participants were asked about their level of intention to the COVID-19 vaccine. Participants completed the Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI), which was adapted in the context of the COVID Health Literacy Network. Cross-tabulation and logistic regression were used for analysis purpose.ResultsOverall, the mean DHL score was 35.1 (SD = 6.9, Range = 12–48). The mean DHL score for those who answered “Yes” for “support for national vaccination schedule” was 36.1 (SD 6.7) compared to 32.5 (SD 6.8) for those who either answered “No” or “Don't know”. Factors including country, place of residence, education, employment, and income were associated with the intention for vaccination. Odds of vaccine intention were higher in urban respondents (OR-1.46; C.I.-1.30–1.64) than in rural respondents. Further, higher competency in assessing the relevance of online information resulted in significantly higher intention for vaccine uptake.ConclusionPriority should be given to improving DHL and vaccination awareness programs targeting rural areas, lower education level, lower income, and unemployed groups.</p