CRYPTOGRAPHIC METHOD TO SECURE AD-HOC ON DEMAND DISTANCE VECTOR (AODV) ROUTING PROTOCOL FROM BLACK HOLE ATTACK

Secure communication is more challenging task in Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET). Protocols are the common sets of rules and signals that are used to communicate over network. Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV) is an on-demand reactive routing protocol designed for operation of MANET. Black hole attack is an attack in which a malicious node drops all packets that it receives instead of normally forwarding those packets. This attack cause to degrade the performance of AODV Protocol and hence affect the performance parameters. To secure and enhance the performance of AODV protocol under Black hole attack, cryptographic method is used. So here, we study the performance parameters like Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Average end-to-end delay (AETED) and Throughput under AODV routing protocol

Power Optimization of Combinational Quaternary Logic Circuits

Design of the binary logic circuits is restricted by the need of the interconnections. Interconnections increase delay, area and energy consumption in CMOS digital circuits. A possible solution could be here at by using a bigger set of signals over the same chip area. Multiple-valued logic can decrease the average power required for level transitions and reduces the number of necessary interconnections. In this paper we design various combinational circuits using quaternary logic. Various combinational circuit such as multi valued logic full adder using unique encoding technique, quaternary encoder and quaternary multiplexer. This design is target to reduce the transistor used to implement the circuit and dropping the power dissipation. Power optimization is achieved using MTCMOS technique. Simulation has been done in Tanner 13 EDA tool on BSIM3 180 nm CMOS Technology. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15026

Diffeomorphic Metric Mapping and Probabilistic Atlas Generation of Hybrid Diffusion Imaging based on BFOR Signal Basis

We propose a large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping algorithm to align multiple b-value diffusion weighted imaging (mDWI) data, specifically acquired via hybrid diffusion imaging (HYDI), denoted as LDDMM-HYDI. We then propose a Bayesian model for estimating the white matter atlas from HYDIs. We adopt the work given in Hosseinbor et al. (2012) and represent the q-space diffusion signal with the Bessel Fourier orientation reconstruction (BFOR) signal basis. The BFOR framework provides the representation of mDWI in the q-space and thus reduces memory requirement. In addition, since the BFOR signal basis is orthonormal, the L2 norm that quantifies the differences in the q-space signals of any two mDWI datasets can be easily computed as the sum of the squared differences in the BFOR expansion coefficients. In this work, we show that the reorientation of the $q$-space signal due to spatial transformation can be easily defined on the BFOR signal basis. We incorporate the BFOR signal basis into the LDDMM framework and derive the gradient descent algorithm for LDDMM-HYDI with explicit orientation optimization. Additionally, we extend the previous Bayesian atlas estimation framework for scalar-valued images to HYDIs and derive the expectation-maximization algorithm for solving the HYDI atlas estimation problem. Using real HYDI datasets, we show the Bayesian model generates the white matter atlas with anatomical details. Moreover, we show that it is important to consider the variation of mDWI reorientation due to a small change in diffeomorphic transformation in the LDDMM-HYDI optimization and to incorporate the full information of HYDI for aligning mDWI

Bioactive Components of Magical Velvet Beans

The plant Mucuna is an annual climbing shrub with long vines that can reach over fifteen meters in length. About 100–150 Mucuna species are found in the tropic and subtropic regions of both hemispheres of the earth. The genus Mucuna belongs to the family Leguminosae. It is commonly known as Kewanch, velvet bean, cowhage and kappikachhu and is found widely in India as a hardy, herbaceous, vigorous, twining annual plant. The size and dimension of the Mucuna seeds, pods, platelets and leaves change from species to species. The hair present on pods is anthelmintic, which causes itching. People are seeking great attention towards Mucuna due to its several medicinal properties, including L-DOPA (L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) along with supplementary antioxidants that are used for treating Parkinson’s disease and many neurodegenerative diseases. Thus it is being used in about 200 medicinal formulations. The current chapter outlines the work that determines the influence of different nutritional, anti-nutritional and medicinal values and bioactive agents from different parts of the Mucuna species present in India and its importance in medicine

Rapid Communication SN2 vs intramolecular oxygen participation reaction of 2-O- triflygluco-/ido-furanosides: Synthesis of C-5alkyl substituted 2-deoxy-2-azidosugars

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Once weekly alendronate produces a greater decrease in bone resorption than daily risedronate

peer reviewe

Colorimetric method for simultaneous estimation of amlodipine besylate from plasma

Aim: The present work was to develop the method of analysis which can estimate drug in combined form without prior separation. Materials and method: By using UV spectroscopy colorimetric method was used for determination of Amlodipine besylate (AML) from plasma. Result and conclusion: This method is based on the formation of green colour in reaction between AML and 0.4 % Ferric chloride (FC) and 0.2 % Potassium ferricyanide (PF).The absorbance was measured at 775 nm. Result of tablet analysis showed % S.D. values in the range of 098.22 to 100,63%. Standard deviation value for tablet analysis by using methanol ranging from 98.01 to 101,13 % which proves the ability of the method to remain unaffected by small but deliberate change in reaction conditions and this method is used for estimation of AML from biological samples.Objetivo. El objetivo del presente estudio era desarrollar un método de análisis que permitiera estimar la cantidad de fármaco en forma combinada sin separación previa. Material y Método. Se utilizó espectroscopía colorimétrica UV para la determinación de Amlodipino Besilato (AML) plasmático Resultados. El presente método está basado en la formación de color verde en la reacción entre Amlodipino Besilato (AML) y cloruro férrico 0,4% y ferrocianuro potásico 0,2%. La medida de la absorbancia se realizó a 775nm. El resultado del análisis de los comprimidos mostró unos valores de DE comprendidos entre 098,22 y 100,63%. El valor de la DE utilizando metanol oscilan entre 98,01 y 101,13% lo que demuestra la capacidad del método de permanecer inalterado por pequeños pero intencionados cambios en las condiciones de la reacción, este método es usado para la estimación de Amlodipino Besilato (AML) en muestras biológicas

FAST DISPERSING TABLETS REVIEW

ABSTRACT In this investigation fast dissolving tablets were prepared using different Superdisintegrants like crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium and sodium starch glycolate by direct compression method. FDTs were evaluated for physicochemical properties like thickness, uniformity of weight, content uniformity ,hadness, friability, wetting time ,dispersion time in vitro disintegration time and in vitro dissolution. Wetting time of formulations containing Croscarmellose sodium was least and tablets showed fastest disintegration. The drug release from FDTs increased with increasing concentration of superdisintegrants and was found to be highest with formulations containing Croscarmellose sodium. The tablet disintegrated within 16 to 45 seconds. Almost 96% of drug was released from the forumaltion within 16 min. The release of drug from FDTs was found to follow non-Fickian diffusion kinetics.Stability studies of the tablets shows non significant change