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Role of Cancer Stem Cell, Apoptotic Factor, DNA Repair, and Telomerase Toward Radiation Therapy Response in Stage IIIB Cervical Cancer

Objectives: Cancer stem cells are involved in radioresistant cancers. Transcription factors Sry-related HMG box (SOX2) and octamer binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) can confer pluripotent cell characteristics and self-renewal ability and are involved in carcinogenesis, metastasis, tumor recurrence, and resistance to therapy. Apoptosis, DNA repair, and telomerase factors also contribute to radioresistance. We sought to identify the role of SOX2 and OCT4 as cancer stem cell markers and their effects on apoptosis (via caspase 3), DNA repair (Chk1) and telomerase (hTERT) in conferring resistance to radiotherapy. Methods: We conducted a case-control study of 40 patients with stage IIIB cervical squamous cell carcinoma who completed radiation therapy at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. The patients were classified according to their treatment response as having exhibited a complete or incomplete response. Clinical follow-up and Pap smears were performed between six and 12 months after therapy for those with a good initial response to determine the final response to therapy. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze SOX2, OCT4, caspase-3, Chk1, and hTERT expression in paraffin sections of the initial biopsy. Results: Strong expression of SOX2 (p = 0.011, p = 0.001) and OCT4 (p < 0.001, p < 0.001) was significantly associated with both an incomplete initial and final therapy response, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that SOX2 and OCT4 expression levels were the strongest markers of an incomplete response to radiotherapy (odds ratio (OR) = 5.12, p = 0.034, and OR = 17.03, p = 0.004, respectively). Conclusions: Strong expression of SOX2 and OCT4 may be a good indicator of incomplete radiotherapy outcome in patients with stage IIIB cervical cancer

Effect of Injection Minimal Dosages of Depot Medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) to Body Weight and Blood Chemistry Male Rat Strain Sprague-Dawley

Many family planning program focus more on men. Until now, vasectomy has been the commonly used method for male contraception. However, this method creates inconvenience such as irreversibility and psychological problems. One of the alternatives contraception is the combination of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and androgen. The minimum dosage of DMPA could suppress testosterone level that leads to reduced spermatogenesis and sperm viability. Nevertheless, until now it is not known whether minimum dosages of DMPA have an effect to body weight and blood chemistry. Therefore, this research aimed at determinate the effect of minimal dosages of DMPA to body mass and blood chemistry using male rats (Rattus norvegicus L.) strain Sprague-Dawley as model. This research using completely randomized design, unequal size sample, castration treatments and several doses DMPA (1.25, 0.625, and 0.313 milligram). Injecting of DMPA conducted intramuscularly on week 0 and week 12. Normality/homogeneity Data normality were analyzed before ANOVA test. Then, abnormal data were tested using Kruskal-Wallis test. The result shows that injection of DMPA in various doses do not have an effect on body weight and blood chemistry such as erytrocytes, haemoglobin, hematocrite, HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, SGOT, SGPT and triglyseride) (p>0,05). Furthermore, it is concluded that that no effect of minimal dosages of DMPA to body mass and blood chemistry of rat

PENGARUH PENYUNTIKAN DOSIS MINIMAL DEPOT MEDROKSIPROGESTERON ASETAT (DMPA) TERHADAP BERAT BADAN DAN KIMIA DARAH TIKUS JANTAN GALUR SPRAGUE-DAWLEY

Effect of Injection Minimal Dosages of Depot Medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) to Body Weight and Blood Chemistry Male Rat Strain Sprague-Dawley. Many family planning program focus more on men. Until now, vasectomy has been the commonly used method for male contraception. However, this method creates inconvenience such as irreversibility and psychological problems. One of the alternatives contraception is the combination of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and androgen. The minimum dosage of DMPA could suppress testosterone level that leads to reduced spermatogenesis and sperm viability. Nevertheless, until now it is not known whether minimum dosages of DMPA have an effect to body weight and blood chemistry. Therefore, this research aimed at determinate the effect of minimal dosages of DMPA to body mass and blood chemistry using male rats (Rattus norvegicus L.) strain Sprague-Dawley as model. This research using completely randomized design, unequal size sample, castration treatments and several doses DMPA (1.25, 0.625, and 0.313 milligram). Injecting of DMPA conducted intramuscularly on week 0 and week 12. Normality/homogeneity Data normality were analyzed before ANOVA test. Then, abnormal data were tested using Kruskal-Wallis test. The result shows that injection of DMPA in various doses do not have an effect on body weight and blood chemistry such as erytrocytes, haemoglobin, hematocrite, HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, SGOT, SGPT and triglyseride) (p&gt;0,05). Furthermore, it is concluded that that no effect of minimal dosages of DMPA to body mass and blood chemistry of rat. Keywords: blood chemistry, body mass, DMPA, minimal dosages &nbsp

Correlation Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer in Passive Smokers: A Review

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane glycoprotein with an extracellular epidermal growth factor binding domain and an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain through signaling pathways to regulate cellular proliferation. Epidermal growth factor receptor binding to its ligand will result in autophosphorylation by intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity, thereby triggering multiple signal transduction cascades. Constant or sustained activation of these downstream target sequences is thought to result in a more aggressive tumor phenotype. Mutations in EGFR are associated with non-small cell lung cancer in passive smokers

Analysis of Y Chromosome Microdeletion in Indonesian Males

The aim of this study is to find out Y chromosome microdeletion in Indonesian azoospermic men. This study used the PCR method with five STS to locate deletion on three different subregions (AZFa, AZFb, and AZFc) of azoospermic men and one STS to amplify SRY gen which act as an internal control. In this study we detected two of 35 (5,7%) azoospermic men had microdeletion Yq. One had microdeletion on subregion AZFa (sY84) and AZFb (RBMY1) and the other one on subregion AZFc (sY254 and sY255). Therefore microdeletion of the Y chromosome in Indonesian azoospermic men excist. Examination of microdeletion of Y chromosomes in azoospermic men is important if they are going to participate in the Intra Cytoplasmic Infection Program to avoid genetic disorders of their descendants

Combination of Depot Medroxy Progesterone Acetate and Javanese Long Pepper Extract on Body Weight, Hematology, and Blood Biochemistry as a Safe Contraception Model

The development of male hormonal contraception is based on a decrease in sperm concentration without affecting libido and sexual potency. The combination of depot medroxy progesterone acetate (DMPA) + extract of Javanese long pepper (JLP) with dosages of 0.94 mg and 1.88 mg decreases the concentration of spermatozoa. However, it remains unknown whether the combination influences body weight, hematology, and blood biochemistry. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effect of DMPA + JLP extracts on the body weight, hematology, and blood biochemistry of male rats (Rattusnorvegicus L.) using Sprague-Dawley strains. The research uses a completely randomized design (CRD); one group control and two treatment groups. In the first group, the castrated rats were given oral administration extracts of JLP (CJ) with doses of 0, 0.94, 1.88, 2.82, and 3.76 mg. In the second group, the rats were injected with 1.25 mg DMPA and given an oral administration extract of JLP. Injection was given in week-0 and 12. Administration was conducted every day from week 7-18. Analysis of the normality and homogeneity of data is done before the ANOVA test. Data that is abnormal and not homogeneous are tested with non-parametric statistical Kruskal-Wallis. This study shows that the combination of minimal doses of DMPA and administration variousdoses of extracts of JLP does not affect body weight and hematology (erythrocyte, hemoglobin, hematocrite), and the blood biochemistry of rats, such as the values of SGPT, SGOT, HDL, and triglycerides (p &lt; 0.05), but rather the total cholesterol and LDL (p &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, it is concluded that the combination of the minimal dosage of DMPA and weaned various dosages of JLP extracts affect the total value and LDL cholesterol but do not influence body weight, nor hematology and blood biochemistry. Such combinations can be drawn on for asafe male contraceptive model t by taking into account the value of the total cholesterol and LDL during its use

Gene Expression of Sperm Associated Antigen 8 and Ran-Binding Protein 9 on Azoospermic Male : Its Association with Spermatogenic Arrest

Proteins that play an  important role in the transcription process during spermatogenesis are CREMs that bind to their ACT activators that are suspected to be regulated by SPAG8 and RANBP9. Until now the role of both genes in the spermatogenic arrest process is not known. This study aims to determine the relative expression of Spag8 and RanBP9 on spermatogenic arrest and to analyze the correlation of expression of both genes. This study is a cross sectional study using a sample of testicular biopsy with Johnsen 2 to 8 score. Relative expression analysis of Spag8 and RanBP9 using qRT-PCR technique with Livak calculation. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using ANOVA one way test for Spag8 and Kruskal Wallis test for RanBP9 with significance value p &lt;0,05. The results of this study show that the relative expression of Spag8 and RanBP9 is highest on Johnsen 3 scores and is statistically significantly different (p &lt;0.05). There is a positive correlation with a very strong correlation strength between SPAG8 and RANBP9 expressions. Based on the results of this study shows that both of these genes are candidates for spermatogenic arrest

Genetic Variation at 5'-UTR of CD40 Gene and Patients Characteristics: Associated with Relapse in Graves' Disease

More than 50% patients graves' disease (GD) can relapse after remission period. This can be influenced by treatment, gender, age of diagnosis and genetic. One of the genes that regulate immune response is CD40 gene, which is found on the surface of Lymphocyte B. The aim of this research was to determine genetic variation at 5'-UTR of CD40 gene and the role of age and gender that influence the risk for relapse. This study was conducted in Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from August to December 2014. This study was a case-control study comparing 30 relapse patients and 30 non-relapse patients after treatment with anti-thyroid drug was terminated. Genetic variation was analyzed with PCR-RFLP and clinical characteristic by medical record. In this research, we found that both genotype and alleles 5'-UTR of CD40 gene variation have no association with risk for relapse (p&gt;0.05), but age of diagnosis was considered significant with risk for relapse (p=0.001). In conclusion, genetic variation in 5'-UTR CD40 gene is not risk for relapse but age of diagnosis may be a risk for relapse in GD patients