IN SILICO ANALYSIS OF INHIBITOR AND SUBSTRATE BINDING SITE OF SERRAPEPTIDASE FROM SERRATIA MARCESCENS MTCC 8708

Objective: Serrapeptidase is a therapeutic enzyme broadly used as an anti-inflammatory drug to treat inflammatory diseases like arthritis, bronchitis, fibrocystic breast disease and sinusitis. The objective of present study is in silco analyzes of the substrate and inhibitor binding sites of serratiopeptidase, expressed from a cloned gene.Methods: The gene encoding Serrapeptidase was amplified from genomic DNA of Serratia marcescens MTCC 8707, an isolated from the flowers of summer squash plants. The gene was sequenced, the nucleotide sequence of 1464 nucleotides was submitted to Gen Bank nucleotide database and accession number GI: KP869847 obtained. The develop amino acid sequence was used to predict 3D structure using different bioinformatics tools and software's Further, CABS-dock and Swiss Dock, the docking servers were used for enzyme-substrate/inhibitor binding site analysis. The inflammatory mediators, bradykinin, and substance-P were used as substrates, whereas, EDTA and Lisinopril were used as an inhibitor for serrapeptidase. UCSF Chimera program was used for interactive visualization and analysis of docked results.Results: The docking studies show substrates bradykinin and substance-P bind near zinc binding site with minimum RMSD value and the inhibitors EDTA and lisinopril showed favorable interaction at zinc binding site of serrapeptidase with minimum free energy.Conclusion: The result of docking studies confirm that the substrate or inhibitor binds near zinc binding domain (HEXXH.) and the peptide bond of the substrate can be effectively cleaved by serrapeptidase.Keywords: Serrapeptidase, Anti-inflammation, Arthritis, Molecular docking, Drug discovery, Protein-peptide interaction, Bradykinin, Substance-

Microstate Dependence of Scattering from the D1-D5 System

We investigate the question of distinguishing between different microstates of the D1-D5 system (with charges Q_1 and Q_5), by scattering with an incoherent beam, composed of a supergravity probe, with central energy E_0 and width (\Delta E). The scattering is studied in the dual CFT description in the orbifold limit for finite R, where R is the radius of the circle on which the D1 branes are wrapped. When R(\Delta E) >> 1, the absorption cross-section is found to be independent of the microstate and identical to the leading semiclassical answer computed from the naive geometry. For smaller (\Delta E), the answer depends on the particular microstate, which we examine for both typical and atypical microstates. We derive an upper bound for the leading correction to the cross-section when 1/R >> \Delta E >> (the average energy gap 1/{R [sqrt(Q_1Q_5)]}. For a typical state the bound is proportional to the area of the stretched horizon, [\sqrt(Q_1 Q_5)], up to [log (Q_1Q_5)] terms. Furthermore, when E_0 << (\Delta E), the proportionality constant is a pure number independent of all energy scales. Numerical calculations using Lorentzian profiles show that the actual value of the correction is in fact proportional to [sqrt(Q_1Q_5)] without the logarithmic factor. We offer some speculations about how this result can be consistent with a resolution of the naive geometry by higher derivative corrections to supergravity.Comment: 42 pages, 5 figure

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Not AvailableIL-18 modulates immune functions by inducing IFN-γ production and promoting Th1 immune responses. In the present study, we amplified and cloned the sequence (582 bp) encoding full-length bovine IL-18 from PBMC stimulated with PHA. The nucleotide and the deduced amino acid sequence of Bos indicus IL-18 showed an identity of 86-98% compared with IL-18 sequences of other ruminants. The insert was subcloned into a pET 32a vector and expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein and the matured protein was obtained by caspase I treatment. The specificity of these proteins was confirmed by western blotting. The biological activity of the purified protein was analyzed by its ability to induce IFN-γ production in PBMC measured by ELISA and qPCR.Not Availabl

Medicinal Plants of India

Crude extracts of fruits, herbs, vegetables, cereals and other plant materials rich in phenolics and antioxidant activity are of prime interest to the food industry because of their ability to retard oxidative degradation of lipids and hence improve the quality and nutritional value of functional food. Concomitantly, the importance of antioxidant constituents of plant materials in the maintenance of health and protection from coronary heart disease and cancer is also raising interest among scientists, food manufacturers and consumers as part of the current trend towards the use of herbal medicine. In addition, the use of complementary alternative medicine (CAM) by patients suffering from chronic disorders, such as cancers, heart, stroke and immune disorders has been well documented. CAMs are either used on their own (alternative treatments) or in addition to conventional medicine (complementary treatments). CAMs can be grouped into herbal medicines derived from medicinal plants, food supplements that include vitamin preparations, trace elements and other substances such as omega-3 fatty acid