Genetic relationship among 86 <i>lens</i> accessions using Unbiased neighbouring joining dendrogram of 43 microsatellite loci.

<p>Red colored—<i>L</i>. <i>culinaris</i> subsp. <i>culinaris</i> (1–26), Green colored-<i>L</i>. <i>culinaris</i> subsp. <i>orientalis</i> (27–56), Blue colored—<i>L</i>. <i>nigricans</i> (57–62), Purple colored—<i>L</i>. <i>culinaris</i> subsp. <i>odemensis</i> (63–68), Yellow colored—<i>L</i>. <i>ervoides</i> (69–83), Brown colored—<i>L</i>. <i>culinaris</i> subsp. <i>tomentosus</i> (84–86).</p

STURUCTURE analysis of genus <i>Lens</i> based on EST and Genomic SSR.

<p>STURUCTURE analysis of genus <i>Lens</i> based on EST and Genomic SSR.</p

Genetic Diversity in <i>Lens</i> Species Revealed by EST and Genomic Simple Sequence Repeat Analysis

<div><p>Low productivity of <i>pilosae</i> type lentils grown in South Asia is attributed to narrow genetic base of the released cultivars which results in susceptibility to biotic and abiotic stresses. For enhancement of productivity and production, broadening of genetic base is essentially required. The genetic base of released cultivars can be broadened by using diverse types including bold seeded and early maturing lentils from Mediterranean region and related wild species. Genetic diversity in eighty six accessions of three species of genus <i>Lens</i> was assessed based on twelve genomic and thirty one EST-SSR markers. The evaluated set of genotypes included diverse lentil varieties and advanced breeding lines from Indian programme, two early maturing ICARDA lines and five related wild subspecies/species endemic to the Mediterranean region. Genomic SSRs exhibited higher polymorphism in comparison to EST SSRs. GLLC 598 produced 5 alleles with highest gene diversity value of 0.80. Among the studied subspecies/species 43 SSRs detected maximum number of alleles in <i>L</i>. <i>orientalis</i>. Based on Nei’s genetic distance cultivated lentil <i>L</i>. <i>culinaris</i> subsp. <i>culinaris</i> was found to be close to its wild progenitor <i>L</i>. <i>culinaris</i> subsp. <i>orientalis</i>. The Prichard’s structure of 86 genotypes distinguished different subspecies/species. Higher variability was recorded among individuals within population than among populations.</p></div

Tm, PIC, Rp, Na, Ne, I and He values recorded for thirty-one EST-SSRs and twelve genomic SSRs.

<p>Tm = Annealing temperature, PIC = Polymorphism information content, Rp = Resolving power, Na = number of alleles, Ne = genetic diversity, I = Shannons index and He = Nei’s genetic diversity</p><p>Tm, PIC, Rp, Na, Ne, I and He values recorded for thirty-one EST-SSRs and twelve genomic SSRs.</p

UPGMA Dendrogram based on Nei’s genetic distance using POPGENE version1.31 showing genetic relationship of lentil genotypes among populations.

<p>UPGMA Dendrogram based on Nei’s genetic distance using POPGENE version1.31 showing genetic relationship of lentil genotypes among populations.</p

Changes in number of alleles (Na), genetic diversity (He) Shannon index (I) and Nei’s genetic diversity (He) using EST and Genomic SSR.

<p>Changes in number of alleles (Na), genetic diversity (He) Shannon index (I) and Nei’s genetic diversity (He) using EST and Genomic SSR.</p

Nei’s unbiased measures of genetic distance among different subspecies/species of genus <i>Lens</i>.

<p>Nei’s unbiased measures of genetic distance among different subspecies/species of genus <i>Lens</i>.</p

Summary statistics of genetic diversity parameters of genus <i>Lens</i>.

<p>Na- Number of alleles; Ne-Number of effective alleles; I- Shannon index; He-Expected heterozygosity</p><p>Summary statistics of genetic diversity parameters of genus <i>Lens</i>.</p

Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) of genus <i>Lens</i>.

<p>Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) of genus <i>Lens</i>.</p