Density Fluctuations in the Oscillatory Phase of Nonclassical Inflaton in FRW Universe

Using coherent and squeezed state formalisms of quantum optics for a minimally coupled non-classical inflaton in the FRW mertic is studied, in semiclassical theory of gravity. The leading order solution for the semiclassical Einstein equations in the coherent, squeezed and squeezed vacuum states are obtained perturbatively and are exhibit powerlaw expansion behaviour. The validity of the semiclassical theory is examined in the squeezed vacuum state in the oscillatory phase of the inflaton. The semiclassical theory in the oscillatory phase of the non-classical inflaton holds only if the associated squeezing parameter is much less compared to unity. Quantum fluctuations of the inflaton is also examined in coherent and squeezed state formalisms.Comment: 14 pages, 2 figures, To appear in Int.J.Mod.Phys.

FORMULATION AND IN VITRO CHARACTERIZATION SOLID SELF EMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF RAMIPRIL PREPARED BY ADSORPTION TECHNIQUE

Objective: The primary goal of the present work was to formulate solid self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (S-SEDDS) in order to improve the solubility of the highly lipophilic antihypertensive drug, ramipril. Methods: SEDDS are generally liquid form preparations obtained by homogeneously mixing oils, surfactants and co-surfactants along with drug component. Based on solubility studies Capmul PG8 NF, Gelucire 44/14 and Transcutol P were selected as oil, surfactant, co-surfactant respectively in order to prepare liquid SEDDS (L-SEDDS). Nine different liquid SEDDS were prepared and subjected to various evaluation tests in order to obtain optimized L-SEDDS. Finally, the optimized formulation was converted to S-SEDDS by physical adsorption technique using an inert carrier. Further, S-SEDDS were also subjected to solid state characterization. Results: Out of 9 different L-SEDDS, S9 formulation was optimized as it formed thermodynamically stable emulsion without any drug precipitation and phase separation on storage and also showed least globule size (22.56 nm). The optimized formulation was loaded onto inert carrier (Sylysia FCP 350) to obtain S-SEDDS. S-SEDDS showed acceptable flow properties. They were further processed for solid state characterization such as XRD, DSC and SEM and the results confirmed the transformation of native crystalline nature of drug to an amorphous state. FTIR analysis also confirmed no drug-excipient interaction. S-SEDDS showed improved in vitro dissolution behaviour of ramipril over that of pure drug. Conclusion: Ramipril S-SEDDS retained emulsification characteristics of L-SEDDS. Further, S-SEDDS was encapsulated in hard gelatin capsules and this formulation proved to have improved solubility for ramipril

Non-Newtonian Momentum Transfer Past an Isothermal Stretching Sheet with Applied Suction

The paper discusses the flow of an incompressible non-Newtonian fluid with heat and mass transfer due to stretching of a plane elastic surface in a saturated porous medium in the approximation of boundary layer theory.  An exact analytical solution of non-linear MHD momentum equation governing the self-similar flow is given.  The skin friction co-efficient decreases with increase in the visco-elastic parameter k1 and increase in the values of both magnetic parameter and permeability parameter.  The analysis of heat and mass transfer in this flow reveals that when the wall and ambient temperature held constant, temperature at a point increase with increase in k1, k2 and Mn

Antimicrobial activity of Aegle marmelos against clinical pathogens

Aegle marmelos is a medicinal herb belongs to the family Rutaceae. The different parts of plants like leaves and flowers are extracted by using the solvent methanol. The methanol extracts were screened for the antimicrobial activity. They showed greater inhibitory effect against both gram positive and gram negative organisms. The organisms used were such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus. Based on the present investigation results it is concluded that the methanolic extracts of Aegle marmelos has great potential as antimicrobial agent against different microorganisms and they can be used in the treatment of infections diseases caused by the resistant microorganisms

Diversity of mantids in tea plantation

Abstrac