Vehicle Number Plate Recognition System

In this paper, study for automatic vehicle number plate identification is explained. Automatic Vehicle Number Plate Recognition system is a system which is use to help t o identify the vehicles through their number plates by capturing the image of vehicles and recognizes their license number. The camera focused on the number plate and processed it by using various algorithms. The recognition can be done in three steps: Localization of the plate, extraction of the plate characters, and recognition of the characters using a suitable identification method.Our study focusing on the two algorithms i.e., Edge Finding Method a nd Window Filtering Method for the number plate detecti on system.Then at the last character recognition is done by Probabilistic Neural Networks(PNN). The PNN is used to identify alphanumeric characters from car license plates based on data obtained from image processing

Contemporary use of ultrasonic versus standard electrosurgical dissection in laparoscopic nephrectomy: Safety, efficacy and cost

Objective: To assess the safety, efficacy and cost-effectiveness of ultrasonic dissection (USD) compared with standard monopolar electrosurgery (ES) in laparoscopic nephrectomy (LN). Patients and methods: Retrospective analysis of patients’ records who underwent elective LN was performed. Patients were divided in to two groups: USD and ES groups depending on the energy source used during LN. The preoperative (demographics, indication for surgery), intraoperative (conversion to open surgery, operative time, estimated blood loss [EBL], complications), and postoperative (morbidity/mortality, volume of drainage, hospital stay, cost) data were collected and analysed. Results: Between February 2004 and February 2008, 136 patients were included. The indications for nephrectomy were: inflammatory (51 patients), non-inflammatory (64), and tumours (21). The two groups were similar for preoperative data. The conversion rate to open surgery (12.5%) and mean operative time did not differ significantly between the groups. However, intraoperative mean EBL was significantly less with USD, at 140.8 mL vs 182.6 mL for ES. There were no differences in postoperative parameters and morbidity. USD was significantly more expensive than ES (59 000 vs 26 000 Indian Rupees). Conclusions: ES is a safe and feasible tool like USD in LN when used with caution. USD facilitates completion of difficult cases and reduces intraoperative blood loss. However, the majority of LNs can be completed safely with ES. ES is sturdy and cheap; therefore, selective use of USD appears to be the most cost-effective policy in the developing world. Keywords: Ultrasonic scalpel, Harmonic dissection, Monopolar electrosurgery, Laparoscopic nephrectomy, Cos