14 research outputs found
Refinement and partial validation of the UNESP-Botucatu multidimensional composite pain scale for assessing postoperative pain in horses
Endpoints in pediatric pain studies
Assessing pain intensity in (preverbal) children is more difficult than in adults. Tools to measure pain are being used as primary endpoints [e.g., pain intensity, time to first (rescue) analgesia, total analgesic consumption, adverse effects, and long-term effects] in studies on the effects of analgesic drugs. Here, we review current and promising new endpoints used in pediatric pain assessment studies