The Relationship Between PSiKKIT Factors and Packaging Innovation Behavior: A Survey Among Micro-Food Entrepreneurs

The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between knowledge, attitude, awareness, finance, institutional networking and technology (PSiKKIT) factors and packaging innovation behavior among micro-food entrepreneurs. This study uses a Theory of Planned Behavior is appropriate to be applied in the marketing area and entrepreneurs behavior context. A total of 40 micro entrepreneurs on food under agency guidance in Selangor were selected as a sample through a systematic random sampling technique. The instruments of this study using questionnaires that have been validated by expert to evaluate and have good reliability. The data were analyzed statistically inference using Pearson’s correlating test and multiple linear regression techniques. The findings indicate that there is a significant high and positive linear relationship between institutional networking, attitude, awareness and packaging innovation behavior. On the other hand, knowledge, finance and technology indicate non-significant relationship. The findings of this study also reported that the combination of predictor variables PSiKKIT contributed significantly to the behavior of packaging innovation. In fact, the institutional networking as the dominant predictor factor contributes to the innovation behavior of packaging. The implications of this study have been that the factors of PSiKKIT and the behavior of packaging innovations have different influences. The study also suggested that guidance agencies should focus more on institutional networks, raising awareness, financial support and technology support to promote the practice of packaging innovation among micro-food entrepreneurs

Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Kesedaran Pendorong Tingkah Laku Inovasi Pembungkusan Usahawan Mikro

Tingkah laku inovasi pembungkusan didorong oleh faktor pengetahuan, sikap dan kesedaran. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengukur tahap faktor pendorong tingkah laku inovasi pembungkusan yang terdiri daripada faktor pengetahuan, sikap dan kesedaran usahawan mikro. Kerangka kajian ini berasaskan kepada Teori Tingkah Laku Terancang. Seramai 40 orang usahawan mikro makanan di negeri Selangor telah dipilih sebagai sampel kajian melalui teknik persampelan rawak sistematik. Instrumen kajian ini merupakan soal selidik dengan enam skala Likert dan mengandungi item-item yang telah disahkan oleh pakar-pakar penilai serta mempunyai nilai kebolehpercayaan yang baik. Data kajian ini dianalisis secara statistik deskriptif iaitu berasaskan nilai min dan peratusan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan purata peratusan dan nilai min keseluruhan bagi tahap pengetahuan dan kesedaran tingkah laku inovasi pembungkusan adalah tinggi. Malah, usahawan juga bersikap sangat positif untuk melaksanakan inovasi pembungkusan. Kesimpulannya, tingkah laku inovasi pembungkusan usahawan mikro didorong oleh faktor pengetahuan, sikap dan kesedaran setelah mendapat bimbingan agensi

Kewangan, Jaringan Institusi dan Teknologi Pendorong Tingkah Laku Inovasi Pembungkusan Usahawan Mikro

Tingkah laku inovasi pembungkusan disokong oleh faktor yang mendorong tingkah laku yang terdiri daripada faktor kewangan, jaringan institusi dan teknologi. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengukur tahap faktor pendorong tingkah laku inovasi pembungkusan yang terdiri daripada kepentingan kewangan, jaringan institusi dan teknologi. Kerangka kajian ini dibina berasaskan kepada Teori Tingkah Laku Terancang. Seramai 40 orang usahawan mikro makanan di negeri Selangor telah dipilih sebagai sampel kajian melalui teknik persampelan rawak sistematik. Instrumen kajian ini terdiri daripada soal selidik dengan enam skala Likert dan mengandungi item-item yang telah disahkan oleh pakar-pakar penilai serta mempunyai nilai kebolehpercayaan yang baik. Data kajian ini dianalisis secara statistik deskriptif iaitu berasaskan nilai min dan peratusan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan secara keseluruhan purata peratusan dan nilai min bagi tahap kepentingan kewangan, jaringan institusi dan teknologi mengenai tingkah laku inovasi pembungkusan adalah tinggi. Kesimpulannya, tingkah laku inovasi pembungkusan dalam kalangan usahawan mikro perlu disokong oleh faktor kewangan, jaringan institusi dan teknologi daripada agensi sokongan

Amalan Inovasi Pembungkusan Produk Usahawan Mikro di Selangor

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsi amalan inovasi pembungkusan produk dalam kalangan usahawan mikro di bawah bimbingan agensi di negeri Selangor. Seramai 40 orang usahawan mikro makanan di negeri Selangor telah diambil sebagai sampel kajian melalui teknik pensampelan rawak sistematik. Instrumen kajian ini merupakan soal selidik dengan enam skala Likert yang mengandungi lapan item yang telah disahkan oleh pakar-pakar penilai dan mempunyai nilai kebolehpercayaan yang baik. Data kajian ini dianalisis secara statistik deskriptif iaitu berasaskan nilai min dan peratusan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan purata peratusan dan nilai min keseluruhan bagi amalan inovasi pembungkusan adalah berada pada tahap yang tinggi. Oleh itu, dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa usahawan mikro di bawah bimbingan agensi di negeri Selangor ada melakukan inovasi terhadap pembungkusan produk sejurus mendapat bimbingan daripada agensi terutamanya dalam penambahbaikan informasi maklumat, rupa bentuk, warna dan reka grafik

A Study of Palm Oil Fruit Dealers’ Business Risks

This study examines the palm oil fruit dealers (FDs) risks within their business venture. We employed interview method to gather fresh data from five (5) informants in Selangor. The finding revealed that the fruit dealers possess some element of entrepreneurial risks comprises of willingness to accept calculated risks, ability to foresee opportunities, visionary and self-determination. The FDs have encountered business risks arises from the normal fresh fruit bunches (FFB) purchase and selling activities. FDs are also exposing to default risk due to the credit facilities or trust based-loans provided to the local palm oil smallholders. Overall, the fruit dealers seem to perform a defensive and reactive response towards the exposed risks rather than relatively employing pro-active strategies to mitigate the occurrence of the risks

Employees’ Participation in Decision Making (PDM): a literature survey

Contemporary organizations are forced to find ways to be more flexible and adaptive in order to stay competitive, and the increased importance of employees cannot be over-emphasised. This is reflected in the growing recognition of the employees’ participation in the organisational decision making process (PDM). This study examined the question of employees’ PDM as studied and deliberated in the literature. A total of 32 published articles from year 2010-2014 covering 24 variables provided the basis of this inquiry. The findings revealed that variables that had positive correlations with PDM were gender, education level, job experiences, organizational performance, job satisfaction, job performance, job commitment, perceived supervisor support, perceived organizational support, attitude, psychological ownership, self-efficacy, training, leadership, trust, motivation and productivity. All this reiterated the fact that employees’ PDM was one of the effective tools in enhancing positive outcomes for organisations, and should therefore be given due priority in organisational management

GENDER AND EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN DECISION MAKING (PDM)

In today’s organizations, employee participation in decision making (PDM) is become as one of the important issue around the world. Although the term has been widely used in research, studies on employee PDM especially from gender perspectives are limited. Even the number of people joining the workforce continuing to increase, the issues on gender PDM is growing and become a major area of concern worldwide. The topic on gender equality between men and women in PDM is a crucial issue and need a better understanding. Previous studies indicated that gender diversity and balance number of women and men in PDM can lead to positive outcomes in the organization. Therefore, the main objective of the study is to review the literature on gender and employee PDM especially in Malaysia context. This is a conceptual paper and based on secondary sources of data from past literatures and Department of Statistics Malaysia. The review of this study hopes to give some contributions of knowledge on gender and PDM among employees and give a better understanding on the issue of employee’s PDM in organizations

Directors’ Fiduciary Duties to Perform in the Best Interest of the Companies: An Inter-Related Relationship Between Ethics and Governance

This study inspires from Smith Moral Sentiment Theory which recognizes moral as the essential motive for every human action. The purpose of this study is to prove the relationship between ethical principle and corporate governance. This study employs case-study approach comprising three Malaysian cases. Each case will be analyzed parallel to the governance principle of promoting the best interest for the company. Board of directors (BOD) is emphasized throughout this study due to the important role of BOD in the structure of corporate governance. This study suggests that in order to execute corporate governance effectively, it must be based on ethical principles. As a result, ethical principles are included in the corporate governance rules as reflected by the terms of “proper purpose”, “in good faith in the best interest of the company”, “reasonable care” and “diligence”. These terms contain subjective and relative meaning. For this study, corporate governance rule cannot be separated from the confinement pillars of ethical principles. Thus, the study reiterates Smith argument that moral sentiment should underly human economic activities, including the jurisdiction of corporate management.Key words: Ethics; Corporate governance; Agency theory; Moral sentiment; Board of director

Gaya kepimpinan transformasi dan transaksi terhadap komitmen organisasi konteks berkepatuhan tinggi

Komitmen organisasi dijangka dipengaruhi oleh gaya kepimpinan organisasi. Hal demikian kerana kepimpinan memberi arah tuju dan mempengaruhi ahli organisasi untuk bergerak mencapai sesuatu objektif kolektif. Dalam konteks organisasi berkepatuhan tinggi seperti Polis Diraja Malaysia (PDRM), gaya kepimpinan dijangka memberi pengaruh lebih kuat terhadap tingkah laku kerja ahli termasuk komitmen organisasi. Justeru kajian ini bertujuan menganalisa pengaruh gaya kepimpinan jenis transformasi dan transaksi terhadap komitmen organisasi anggota polis berpangkat rendah dalam PDRM. Kajian telah menggunakan rekabentuk kajian kuantitatif yang berasaskan teknik survei. Soalselidik telah diedarkan kepada 226 responden dalam kalangan anggota polis berpangkat rendah yang terlibat dalam tugas pencegahan jenayah dan penguatkuasaan di Ibu Pejabat Polis dalam salah sebuah daerah di Selangor. Sampel kajian telah dipilih menggunakan teknik persampelan rawak mudah dan terdiri daripada anggota berpangkat Sub Inspektor, Sarjan Major, Sarjan, Koperal, Lans Koperal dan Konstabel. Analisis Regresi Berganda telah digunakan bagi menguji pengaruh di antara pembolehubah dalam kerangka kajian. Hasil kajian mendapati terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara gaya kepimpinan transformasi dan gaya kepimpinan transaksi dengan komitmen organisasi anggota. Sehubungan itu gaya kepimpinan transformasi dan transaksi merupakan gaya kepimpinan penting yang mempengaruhi komitmen organisasi anggota polis berpangkat rendah. Dapatan kajian selanjutnya menunjukkan bahawa gaya kepimpinan transformasi mempunyai kesan yang lebih positif dan dominan dalam menyumbang kepada komitmen organisasi yang lebih tinggi berbanding gaya kepimpinan transaksi