Graded dielectric inhomogeneous streamlined radome for airborne applications

A graded dielectric inhomogeneous nosecone radome design with superior electromagnetic (EM) performance characteristics for airborne applications is presented. The radome wall is designed in such a way that the middle layer has the maximum dielectric parameters (dielectric constant and electric loss tangent). On either side of the middle layer, the dielectric parameters of the constituent layers decrease in a graded (or step-wise) manner. This wall configuration facilitates better impedance matching as required for radome applications. The computation of the EMperformance parameters of a tangent ogive nosecone radome based on the above-mentioned wall configuration, enclosing an X-band slotted waveguide planar array antenna, is carried out using 'geometric optics' based three-dimensional ray tracing along with the 'aperture integration' method. EM performance analysis shows that the proposed graded inhomogeneous dielectric radome design is a better choice for streamlined airborne radomes compared with the 'variable thickness radome' (VTR) designs based on monolithic half-wave and multilayered radome wall configurations. Furthermore, it excludes the constraints on fabrication that generally occur in the case of streamlined airborne VTRs

EM characteristics of planar slab model of graded dielectric inhomogeneous planar structure.

In this brief, the equivalent transmission line model is mainly used for the EM designing of radome wall structure. It is the model in which the radome wall is considered as a transmission line and different sections similar to different layers

EM performance analysis of radomes.

The study of antenna-radome interaction is performed by using 3D ray-tracing procedure based on geometrical optics along withaperture integration method (Kozakoff 2010; Nair et al. in CMC Comput Mater Continua 40(2):131–143, 2014)

EM design aspects of graded IPL.

The proposed radome wall is designed in such a way that it consists of seven dielectric layers cascaded together (as shown in Fig. 4.1) such that the center layer (glass epoxy) is having maximum dielectric constant and electric loss tangent which then varies in a graded or step-wise manner on either sides of the center layer (except that of Layer 1 and Layer 7)

Broadbanding techniques for radomes

This SpringerBrief details various techniques employed for enhancing the transmission efficiency of radomes by modifying the radome wall configurations. These broadbanding techniques are based on inclusion of metallic wire-grids/meshes in the radomewalls, inclusion of metallic strip-gratings in the radome layers, inclusion of FSS based structures in between the radome layers and the use of inhomogeneous dielectric structures as radome wall. The volume provides detailed chapter-wise explanation of the design aspects and discusses the performance analysis of the modified radome wall configurations. It will be of interest to researchers, academicians and students working in the field of radomes.

A Comprehensive Review of Path Planning for Agricultural Ground Robots

The population of the world is predicted to reach nine billion by 2050, implying that agricultural output must continue to rise. To deal with population expansion, agricultural chores must be mechanized and automated. Over the last decade, ground robots have been developed for a variety of agricultural applications, with autonomous and safe navigation being one of the most difficult hurdles in this development. When a mobile platform moves autonomously, it must perform a variety of tasks, including localization, route planning, motion control, and mapping, which is a critical stage in autonomous operations. This research examines several agricultural applications as well as the path planning approach used. The purpose of this study is to investigate the current literature on path/trajectory planning aspects of ground robots in agriculture using a systematic literature review technique, to contribute to the goal of contributing new information in the field. Coverage route planning appears to be less advanced in agriculture than point-to-point path routing, according to the finding, which is due to the fact that covering activities are usually required for agricultural applications, but precision agriculture necessitates point-to-point navigation. In the recent era, precision agriculture is getting more attention. The conclusion presented here demonstrates that both field coverage and point-to-point navigation have been applied successfully in path planning for agricultural robots

A Comprehensive Review of Path Planning for Agricultural Ground Robots

The population of the world is predicted to reach nine billion by 2050, implying that agricultural output must continue to rise. To deal with population expansion, agricultural chores must be mechanized and automated. Over the last decade, ground robots have been developed for a variety of agricultural applications, with autonomous and safe navigation being one of the most difficult hurdles in this development. When a mobile platform moves autonomously, it must perform a variety of tasks, including localization, route planning, motion control, and mapping, which is a critical stage in autonomous operations. This research examines several agricultural applications as well as the path planning approach used. The purpose of this study is to investigate the current literature on path/trajectory planning aspects of ground robots in agriculture using a systematic literature review technique, to contribute to the goal of contributing new information in the field. Coverage route planning appears to be less advanced in agriculture than point-to-point path routing, according to the finding, which is due to the fact that covering activities are usually required for agricultural applications, but precision agriculture necessitates point-to-point navigation. In the recent era, precision agriculture is getting more attention. The conclusion presented here demonstrates that both field coverage and point-to-point navigation have been applied successfully in path planning for agricultural robots