Surface integrity of RBD palm oil as a bio degradable oil based dielectric fluid on sustainable Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) of AISI D2 steel

In electrical discharge machining (EDM), material removal occurs through successive electrical discharges between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of dielectric fluid. A proper selection of dielectric medium is an important consideration for EDM efficiency, as dielectric fluid plays a significant role in any EDM activity. The aim of this research is to discover the usability of Refined, Bleached and Deodorized (RBD) palm oil based dielectric fluid (cooking oil) on the EDM operation of AISI D2 steel using a copper electrode relative to conventional dielectric fluid in term of surface integrity which covers the analysis of a recast layers (RL) and microharderness (MH) at deeper layer of the machined surface. Peak current, Ip 5A to 12A, and pulse duration, ton 50μs to 150μs were selected as the main parameters. The result shows the lowest and highest RL was recorded at Ip=6A and ton=50µs, which is 7.64μm and Ip=12A and ton=150µs which is 15.50μm for RBD palm oil. While the lowest and highest RL for kerosene is 10.60μm and 17.00μm at the same parameter as RBD palm oil, respectively. The thinness of RL in the EDM process produces better machining performance. The thickness RL for both dielectric fluids were increased with an increase of Ip and ton. The MH on the RL is much higher when compared to the base material. In the case of surface integrity, the bio-degradable dielectric fluid based on dielectric fluid, RBD palm oil, shows considerable potential for its success in AISI D2 steel EDM machining

Electrode Wear Rate On Electrical Discharge Machining of Titanium Alloys (Ti-6Al-4V) At Different Peak Current and Pulse Duration by Using Modified RBD Palm Oil as Dielectric Fluids

Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is a machining process in terms of thermoelectric that removes metal by discharging a discrete sparks series of the metal and workpiece. The cutting tool in EDM has used an electric spark to cut the workpiece of sample and produce the finished part to the demanded shape. Vegetable oil as the dielectric fluid is one way to ensure EDM's long-term viability because it is environmentally friendly and biodegradable. The main objective of this preliminary study is to compare the uses of modified bio-degradable and conventional dielectric fluid performance for a titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) with a copper (Cu) electrode using a sustainable EDM process in terms of electrode wear rate (EWR). To achieve a concentration of viscosity rate as kerosene fluids, RBD palm oil has been transesterified. The effect of EWR of kerosene and modified RBD palm oil as dielectric fluids was investigated in this paper for response variables of pulse duration (ton) of 50, 100, and 150µs, and peak current (Ip) of 6, 9, and 12A. The morphology of the copper electrode, as well as the migration of workpiece material elements to the tool electrode, were studied by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The lowest EWR was recorded at Ip=6A with ton=150µs, which is 0.0416mm3/min and 0.0432mm3/min, and the highest EWR was recorded at Ip=12A with ton=50µs, which is 0.1725mm3/min and 0.2324mm3/min, for modified RBD palm oil compared to kerosene, respectively. The EWR rises as the peak current rises, but it decreases as the pulse duration increases. The uses of modified RBD palm oil shows slightly different results compared to kerosene

Electrode Wear Rate On Electrical Discharge Machining of Titanium Alloys (Ti-6Al-4V) At Different Peak Current and Pulse Duration by Using Modified RBD Palm Oil as Dielectric Fluids

Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is a machining process in terms of thermoelectric that removes metal by discharging a discrete sparks series of the metal and workpiece. The cutting tool in EDM has used an electric spark to cut the workpiece of sample and produce the finished part to the demanded shape. Vegetable oil as the dielectric fluid is one way to ensure EDM's long-term viability because it is environmentally friendly and biodegradable. The main objective of this preliminary study is to compare the uses of modified bio-degradable and conventional dielectric fluid performance for a titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) with a copper (Cu) electrode using a sustainable EDM process in terms of electrode wear rate (EWR). To achieve a concentration of viscosity rate as kerosene fluids, RBD palm oil has been transesterified. The effect of EWR of kerosene and modified RBD palm oil as dielectric fluids was investigated in this paper for response variables of pulse duration (ton) of 50, 100, and 150µs, and peak current (Ip) of 6, 9, and 12A. The morphology of the copper electrode, as well as the migration of workpiece material elements to the tool electrode, were studied by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The lowest EWR was recorded at Ip=6A with ton=150µs, which is 0.0416mm3/min and 0.0432mm3/min, and the highest EWR was recorded at Ip=12A with ton=50µs, which is 0.1725mm3/min and 0.2324mm3/min, for modified RBD palm oil compared to kerosene, respectively. The EWR rises as the peak current rises, but it decreases as the pulse duration increases. The uses of modified RBD palm oil shows slightly different results compared to kerosene

The Machinability Performance of RBD Palm Oil Dielectric Fluid on Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) of AISI D2 Steel

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is a high-precision manufacturing process that may be implemented to any electrically conductive material, notwithstanding its of mechanical residences. It’s far a non-contact process using thermal energy that is used in a wide range of applications, especially for difficult-to-cut materials with complicated shapes and geometries. The dielectric is critical in this process as it focuses the plasma channel above the processing and also serves as a debris carrier. The long-term use of dielectric used in EDM process pollutes to the atmosphere and is harmful to the operator's health. This study compares the efficiency of refined, bleached, and deodorized (RBD) palm oil (cooking oil) with traditional hydrocarbon dielectric, kerosene using copper electrode in the finishing process of AISI D2 steel. Low peak current, Ip 1A to 5A and pulse duration, ton up to 150μs were chosen as the main parameters. The effects of material removal rate (MRR), electrode wear rate (EWR), and surface roughness (Ra) were evaluated. The result shows that RBD palm oil has higher MRR which is 33.4821mm3/min while kerosene is 22.4888mm3/min, both at Ip=5A and ton=150µs. The improvement when RBD palm oil is used as dielectric is 48.88% compared to kerosene. With the increase in peak current, the EWR increases but it is inversely proportional to the pulse duration. The lowest EWR is obtained at the same IP=1A and ton=150µs for both RBD palm oil and kerosene which is 0.0010mm3/min and 0.0002mm3/min respectively. The minimum value of Ra for RBD palm oil is 2.15µm at IP=1A and ton=150µs, while for kerosene it is 2.11µm at IP=1A and ton=150µs. In terms of finishing process efficiency, RBD palm oil, a biodegradable oil-based dielectric fluid, has shown significant potential in EDM processing of AISI D2 steel

Mechanical properties of AA7075 aluminium chip reinforced rice husk silica by solid state technique

Types of reinforcements in Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) are essential to form a better MMC due to the bonding element to the based matrix. This research was carried out based on the recycling of aluminium alloy AA7075 reinforced rice husk silica (natural waste fibres) as MMC. Solid state technique was used to examine the effect of rice husk silica as a reinforcement agent in MMCs. This technique remarkably lower operation costs and resources compared to conventional cast recycling. Recycled aluminium chip AA7075 with the addition of composition as-received untreated and treated rice husk silica (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, and 12.5 wt%) were used. Treated rice husk was soaked in hydrochloric acid to fasten the burning process at temperatures of 700 and 1000°C. MMC samples were prepared using a cold compaction method by setting of load compaction of 9 tons for 20 minutes. Then, the MMC samples were sintered at a temperature of 552°C. Mechanical properties of MMC were obtained from hardness and compression tests, while optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for microstructural analysis of MMC samples. For mechanical properties, the hardness of MMC was higher at 10 wt% rice husk silica, i.e., 65.93 Hv for untreated, and 69.52 Hv for treated rice husk. These results were based on rice husk silica that burned at 700℃. It found that aluminium chip sample without reinforcement was 53.49 Hv, which is lower than samples at 10 wt% of rice husk silica. For the compressive strength, silica burned at 700℃ indicated rice husk silica at 5 wt% obtained high strength of MMC with 333.63 MPa for untreated, and 322.52 MPa for treated rice husk silica. In comparison, aluminium chip without a reinforcement sample was found to lower strength with 290.47 MPa. Based on this research, the reinforcement of rice husk silica burned at 700℃ has better properties of MMC compared to rice husk silica burned at 1000℃

Electrode Wear Rate of RBD Palm Oil as Dielectric Fluids on Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) at Different Peak Current and Pulse Duration of Titanium Alloys

Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is a widely utilized commercial method for generating a variety of forms of materials that are used as the fundamental material in a wide range of industries. Vegetable oil as the dielectric fluid is one technique for assuring EDM's long-term viability because it is ecologically benign and biodegradable. This article presents experimental investigations on the influence of electrical discharge machining (EDM) input parameters on electrode wear rate (EWR) while using EDM oil and vegetable oil as dielectric fluid. Kerosene which is known as conventional oil for EDM has been used as a benchmark to compare the feasibility of the EDM process by using a different type of dielectric fluid which is RBD palm oil. Peak currents (Ip) in the 6 to 12A range and pulse durations (ton) in the 50 to 150 µs range were chosen as the major factors for this study to improve the efficiency of EDM operation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the morphology surface characteristics of the copper electrode and the migration of workpiece material elements to the tool electrode. The EWR increases with increasing peak current, although it is inversely related to pulse duration. The lowest EWR for kerosene and RBD palm oil is 0.0416mm3/min and 0.0480mm3/min, respectively, at the same IP=6A and ton=150µs. Simultaneously, the highest EWR for both kerosene and RBD palm oil was at the same IP=12A and ton=50µs, which is 0.1725mm3/min and 0.2425mm3/min, respectively

The Machinability Performance of RBD Palm Oil Dielectric Fluid on Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) of AISI D2 Steel

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is a high-precision manufacturing process that may be implemented to any electrically conductive material, notwithstanding its of mechanical residences. It’s far a non-contact process using thermal energy that is used in a wide range of applications, especially for difficult-to-cut materials with complicated shapes and geometries. The dielectric is critical in this process as it focuses the plasma channel above the processing and also serves as a debris carrier. The long-term use of dielectric used in EDM process pollutes to the atmosphere and is harmful to the operator's health. This study compares the efficiency of refined, bleached, and deodorized (RBD) palm oil (cooking oil) with traditional hydrocarbon dielectric, kerosene using copper electrode in the finishing process of AISI D2 steel. Low peak current, Ip 1A to 5A and pulse duration, ton up to 150μs were chosen as the main parameters. The effects of material removal rate (MRR), electrode wear rate (EWR), and surface roughness (Ra) were evaluated. The result shows that RBD palm oil has higher MRR which is 33.4821mm3/min while kerosene is 22.4888mm3/min, both at Ip=5A and ton=150µs. The improvement when RBD palm oil is used as dielectric is 48.88% compared to kerosene. With the increase in peak current, the EWR increases but it is inversely proportional to the pulse duration. The lowest EWR is obtained at the same IP=1A and ton=150µs for both RBD palm oil and kerosene which is 0.0010mm3/min and 0.0002mm3/min respectively. The minimum value of Ra for RBD palm oil is 2.15µm at IP=1A and ton=150µs, while for kerosene it is 2.11µm at IP=1A and ton=150µs. In terms of finishing process efficiency, RBD palm oil, a biodegradable oil-based dielectric fluid, has shown significant potential in EDM processing of AISI D2 steel