9 research outputs found
āļāļąāļāļāļąāļĒāļāļĩāđāļŠāđāļāļāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļāļāļāļēāļāļāļāļļāļ āļēāļāļāļāļāđāļĄāđāļāđāļāđāļāļĄāļąāļāļŠāļģāļāļ°āļŦāļĨāļąāļāđāļāļāļĢāļ°āļāļ§āļāļāļēāļĢāļāļāđāļŦāđāļParameters Affecting Particle Size Reduction of Tapioca Starch in Drying Process
āđāļāļāļĩ āļ.āļĻ. 2561 āļāļĢāļ°āđāļāļĻāđāļāļĒāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļŠāđāļāļāļāļāđāļāđāļāļĄāļąāļāļŠāļģāļāļ°āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļīāļ 3.1 āļĨāđāļēāļāļāļąāļ āļĄāļđāļĨāļāđāļē 1,037.0 āļĨāđāļēāļāļāļāļĨāļĨāļēāļĢāđāļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ āđāļĨāļ°āđāļāđāļāļĄāļąāļāļŠāļģāļāļ°āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļąāļāđāļāļĢ 1.0 āļĨāđāļēāļāļāļąāļ āļĄāļđāļĨāļāđāļē 617.8 āļĨāđāļēāļāļāļāļĨāļĨāļēāļĢāđāļŠāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŊ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļāđāļĄāļđāļĨāļāđāļēāļāļēāļĢāļŠāđāļāļāļāļāļāļ°āđāļāļīāđāļĄāļāļķāđāļāļāļļāļāļāļĩ āļāļąāļāļāļąāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļāļāļāļēāļāļāļāļļāļ āļēāļāļāļāļāđāļĄāđāļāđāļāđāļāļĄāļąāļāļŠāļģāļāļ°āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļ°āļāđāļ§āļĒāđāļāļīāđāļĄāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļāļēāđāļāđāļāļĢāļ§āļĄ āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāđāļāļīāđāļĄāļāđāļģāļŦāļāļąāļāļāļĢāļĢāļāļļāļāđāļ§āļĒāļāļļāļāļāļĢāļĢāļāļļāļ āļąāļāļāđāļāļāļēāļāđāļāđāļēāđāļāļīāļĄ āļāļģāđāļŦāđāļāļĢāļīāļĄāļēāļāļāļāļŠāđāļāļāđāļāļŠāļđāļāļāļķāđāļāļāļķāđāļāļāļ°āļāđāļ§āļĒāļāļĢāļ°āļŦāļĒāļąāļāļāđāļēāđāļāđāļāđāļēāļĒāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļŠāđāļāļāļāļāđāļāđ āļāļļāļāļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļāļāđāļāļāļāļāļēāļāļ§āļīāļāļąāļĒāļāļĩāđāļāļ·āļāļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļāļąāļāļāļąāļĒāļāļĩāđāļŠāđāļāļāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļāļāļāļēāļāļāļāļļāļ āļēāļāļāļāļāđāļĄāđāļāđāļāđāļāļĄāļąāļāļŠāļģāļāļ°āļŦāļĨāļąāļ āđāļāļĒāļāļāļāđāļāļ āļŠāļĢāđāļēāļ āļĢāļ§āļĄāļāļķāļāļāļīāļāļāļąāđāļāđāļāđāļāļēāļāđāļāļĢāļ·āđāļāļāļĨāļāļāļāļēāļāļāļāļļāļ āļēāļāļāļāļāđāļĄāđāļāđāļāđāļāļĄāļąāļāļŠāļģāļāļ°āļŦāļĨāļąāļāđāļāļāļĢāļ°āļāļ§āļāļāļēāļĢāļāļĨāļīāļāđāļāđāļāļĄāļąāļāļŠāļģāļāļ°āļŦāļĨāļąāļ āļāļąāđāļāļāļĩāđāļāļģāļŦāļāļāļāļąāļāļĢāļēāļāļēāļĢāđāļŦāļĨāļāļāļāļĄāļ§āļĨāļāļēāļāļēāļĻāļāđāļēāļāđāļāļĢāļ·āđāļāļāļĨāļāļāļāļēāļāđāļ§āđāļāļāļāļĩāđāđāļāđāļēāļāļąāļ 60,000 āļĨāļđāļāļāļēāļĻāļāđāđāļĄāļāļĢāļāđāļāļāļąāđāļ§āđāļĄāļ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļģāļŦāļāļāļāļąāļāļāļąāļĒāļŦāļĨāļąāļ 5 āļāļąāļāļāļąāļĒ āļāļ·āļ āļāļāļīāļāđāļāđāļāļĄāļąāļāļŠāļģāļāļ°āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļąāļāļĢāļēāļāļēāļĢāļāđāļāļ āļāļ§āļēāļĄāļāļ·āđāļāļāļāļāđāļāđāļāļĄāļąāļāļŠāļģāļāļ°āļŦāļĨāļąāļ āļĢāļđāļāđāļāļāđāļāļāļąāļ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļĢāđāļ§āļāļĨāļēāļĒāđāļāļāļąāļ āđāļāļāļēāļāļ§āļīāļāļąāļĒāļāļĩāđāđāļāļĢāļ·āđāļāļāļĨāļāļāļāļēāļāļāļāļļāļ āļēāļāļāļāļāđāļĄāđāļāđāļāđāļāļĄāļąāļāļŠāļģāļāļ°āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļ°āļāļđāļāļāļīāļāļāļąāđāļāđāļāļāļĢāļ°āļāļ§āļāļāļēāļĢāļāļāđāļŦāđāļāđāļāļāļāļēāļŦāļ°āļĨāļĄ āļāļķāđāļāđāļāđāļ§āļąāļāļāļļāļāļīāļāđāļāđāļāđāļāđāļāļĄāļąāļāļŠāļģāļāļ°āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļīāļ āđāļĨāļ°āđāļāđāļāļĄāļąāļāļŠāļģāļāļ°āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļąāļāđāļāļĢ āđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļāļĨāļāļāđāļāđāļ§āļąāļāļāđāļēāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļĨāļąāļāļāļēāļāđāļāļāđāļēāļāđāļ§āļĒāđāļāļĢāļ·āđāļāļāļāļīāđāļĨāļ§āļąāļāļāđāļĄāļīāđāļāļāļĢāđ āļāđāļēāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļāļēāđāļāđāļāļāļāļāđāļāđāļāļĄāļąāļāļŠāļģāļāļ°āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāđāļ§āļĒāđāļāļĢāļ·āđāļāļāļ§āļąāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļāļēāđāļāđāļāļĢāļ§āļĄ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļāļēāļāļāļāļļāļ āļēāļāļāļāļāđāļĄāđāļāđāļāđāļāļāļąāļāļāļāļēāļāļāđāļ§āļĒāļāļ°āđāļāļĢāļāļĢāđāļāļāļĄāļēāļāļĢāļāļēāļ āđāļāļĒāļāļĢāļ°āļĒāļļāļāļāđāđāļāđāļāļēāļĢāļāļāļāđāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļāļĨāļāļāđāļāļāđāļāļāļāļāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļĨāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāđāļāļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđāļāļĨāļāļēāļāļŠāļāļīāļāļī āļāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļāļĨāļāļāļāļāļ§āđāļēāļāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļāļāļąāļāļāļąāļĒāļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļĩāđāļŠāđāļāļāļĨāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļāļāļāļēāļāļāļāļļāļ āļēāļāļāļāļāđāļĄāđāļāđāļāđāļāļĄāļąāļāļŠāļģāļāļ°āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļĄāļēāļāļāļĩāđāļŠāļļāļāļāļ·āļāļĢāļđāļāđāļāļāļāļāļāđāļāļāļąāļ āļāļēāļĄāļāđāļ§āļĒāļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļĢāđāļ§āļāļĨāļēāļĒāđāļāļāļąāļ āļāļāļīāļāļāļāļāđāļāđāļāļĄāļąāļāļŠāļģāļāļ°āļŦāļĨāļąāļ āļāļ§āļēāļĄāļāļ·āđāļāļāļāļāđāļāđāļāļĄāļąāļāļŠāļģāļāļ°āļŦāļĨāļąāļ āļāļēāļĄāļĨāļģāļāļąāļ āđāļāļāļāļ°āļāļĩāđāļāļąāļāļĢāļēāļāļēāļĢāļāđāļāļāđāļāđāļāļāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļĩāđāļŠāđāļāļāļĨāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļāļāļāļēāļāļāļāļļāļ āļēāļāļāļāļāđāļĄāđāļāđāļāđāļāļĄāļąāļāļŠāļģāļāļ°āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāđāļāļĒāļāļĩāđāļŠāļļāļ āļāļķāđāļāļāļāļēāļāļāļāļļāļ āļēāļāļāļāļāđāļĄāđāļāđāļāđāļāļĄāļąāļāļŠāļģāļāļ°āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļīāļāļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāđāļēāļāđāļāļĢāļ·āđāļāļāļĨāļāļāļāļēāļāļĄāļĩāļāļāļēāļāļāļāļļāļ āļēāļāļāļāļāđāļĄāđāļāđāļāđāļ D80 āļĨāļāļĨāļāļāļēāļāđāļāļīāļĄ 61.90 āđāļĄāđāļāļĢāđāļĄāļāļĢ āđāļāđāļ 54.71 āđāļĄāđāļāļĢāđāļĄāļāļĢ āļāļĩāđ D50 āļĨāļāļĨāļāļāļēāļāđāļāļīāļĄ 53.21 āđāļĄāđāļāļĢāđāļĄāļāļĢ āđāļāđāļ 41.82 āđāļĄāđāļāļĢāđāļĄāļāļĢ āđāļĨāļ°āļāđāļēāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļāļēāđāļāđāļāļĢāļ§āļĄāđāļāļīāđāļĄāļāļķāđāļāļāļēāļ 575.12 āđāļāđāļ 720.54 āļāļīāđāļĨāļāļĢāļąāļĄāļāđāļāļĨāļđāļāļāļēāļĻāļāđāđāļĄāļāļĢ āđāļāļŠāđāļ§āļāļāļāļāđāļāđāļāļĄāļąāļāļŠāļģāļāļ°āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļąāļāđāļāļĢāļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāđāļēāļāđāļāļĢāļ·āđāļāļāļĨāļāļāļāļēāļāļĄāļĩāļāļāļēāļāļāļāļļāļ āļēāļāļāļāļāđāļĄāđāļāđāļāđāļ D80 āļĨāļāļĨāļāļāļēāļāđāļāļīāļĄ 56.77 āđāļĄāđāļāļĢāđāļĄāļāļĢ āđāļāđāļ 49.92 āđāļĄāđāļāļĢāđāļĄāļāļĢ āļāļĩāđ D50 āļĨāļāļĨāļāļāļēāļāđāļāļīāļĄ 42.26 āđāļĄāđāļāļĢāđāļĄāļāļĢ āđāļāđāļ 37.54 āđāļĄāđāļāļĢāđāļĄāļāļĢ āđāļĨāļ°āļāđāļēāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļāļēāđāļāđāļāļĢāļ§āļĄāđāļāļīāđāļĄāļāļķāđāļāļāļēāļ575.14 āđāļāđāļ 703.70 āļāļīāđāļĨāļāļĢāļąāļĄāļāđāļāļĨāļđāļāļāļēāļĻāļāđāđāļĄāļāļĢ āļāļąāđāļāļāļĩāđāļāđāļēāļāļąāļāļāļĩāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļĨāļąāļāļāļēāļāļāļāļ§āđāļēāļāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļāļāļąāļāļāļąāļĒāļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļĩāđāļŠāđāļāļāļĨāļāđāļāļāđāļēāļāļąāļāļāļĩāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļĨāļąāļāļāļēāļāļĄāļēāļāļāļĩāđāļŠāļļāļāļāļ·āļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļĢāđāļ§āļāļĨāļēāļĒāđāļāļāļąāļ āļĢāļāļāļĨāļāļĄāļēāļāļ·āļāļĢāļđāļāđāļāļāļāļāļāđāļāļāļąāļ āļāļāļīāļāļāļāļāđāļāđāļāļĄāļąāļāļŠāļģāļāļ°āļŦāļĨāļąāļ āļāļąāļāļĢāļēāļāļēāļĢāļāđāļāļāļāļēāļĄāļĨāļģāļāļąāļ āđāļāļāļāļ°āļāļĩāđāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļāļ·āđāļāļāļāļāđāļāđāļāļĄāļąāļāļŠāļģāļāļ°āļŦāļĨāļąāļāđāļāđāļāļāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļĩāđāļŠāđāļāļāļĨāļāđāļāļāđāļēāļāļąāļāļāļĩāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļĨāļąāļāļāļēāļāļāđāļāļĒāļāļĩāđāļŠāļļāļ āđāļāļĒāđāļāđāļāļĄāļąāļāļŠāļģāļāļ°āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļīāļāļĄāļĩāļāđāļēāļāļąāļāļāļĩāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļĨāļąāļāļāļēāļāđāļāļ·āđāļāļĨāļāļāļāļēāļāļāļāļļāļ āļēāļāđāļāđāļēāļāļąāļ 9.52â12.92 āļāļīāđāļĨāļ§āļąāļāļāđ.āļāļąāđāļ§āđāļĄāļāļāđāļāļāļąāļāđāļāđāļ āđāļĨāļ°āđāļāđāļāļĄāļąāļāļŠāļģāļāļ°āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļąāļāđāļāļĢāļĄāļĩāļāđāļēāļāļąāļāļāļĩāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļĨāļąāļāļāļēāļāļāļĒāļđāđāđāļāļāđāļ§āļ 9.22â12.52 āļāļīāđāļĨāļ§āļąāļāļāđ.āļāļąāđāļ§āđāļĄāļāļāđāļāļāļąāļāđāļāđāļIn 2018, Thailand exported 3.1 million tons of native tapioca starch, worth 1,037.0 million US dollars. And modified tapioca starch, 1.0 million tons, worth 617.8 million US dollars. And forecast the export value will increase every year. Therefore, reducing the particle size of tapioca starch helps increase tapped bulk density. It can increase the weight with the same size packaging bag resulting in higher transportation volumes which will help save on export costs. The objective of this research was to determine the parameter that affects to a particle size reduction of tapioca starch. Involved with design, fabrication and installation on factory to produce tapioca starch. For the test method, the flow of air through with reducing machine is constant of 60,000 m3 hâ1. Which are consisted of five parameters; type of tapioca starch, feed rate, moisture of material, type of blade and tip speed of blade. In addition, this machine was installed on drying process. The test material used as native tapioca starch and modified tapioca starch. The energy was measured by kilowatt-hour meter. A bulk density to analysis with tapped bulk density equipment and analysis of particle size with a sieve analyzer. This research was conducted under a factorial design, which is the most commonly used method for screening the primary and the combined effect of each factor. It was found that the strongest main factor influence a particle size reduction was the type of blade, followed by tip speed of blade, type of tapioca starch, the moisture of material and feed rate respectively. It was found that a particle size of native tapioca starch after through from reducing machine with flat blade type, particle size cut off on D80 were decrease from 61.90 micron to 54.71 micron and on D50 were decrease from 53.21 micron to 41.82 micron and the tapped bulk density increased from 575.12 to 720.54 kg mâ3. And modified tapioca starch was found particle size cut off on D80 were decrease from 56.77 micron to 49.92 micron and on D50 were decrease from 42.26 micron to 37.54 micron and the tapped bulk density increased from 575.14 to 703.70 kg mâ3. On the energy consumption was found that tip speed has to significant influence followed by type of blade, type of tapioca starch, feed rate and moisture of material respectively. And the energy index for native tapioca starch was 9.52â12.92 kWh tonâ1 and modified tapioca starch was 9.22â12.52 kWh tonâ1
Finite Element Analysis of Contact Stress Distribution on Insert Conformity Design of Total Knee Arthroplasty
The tibial insert conformity is one of the essential parameters concerned with the contact stress distribution of biomechanics characteristics in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of tibial insert conformity design on contact stress distribution using Finite Element (FE) analysis. The three-dimensional (3D) FE model of the posterior stabilized type of TKA was analyzed according to the standard knee implant loading. The 3k factorial experimental design was performed for the response surface of different insert curvatures consisting of the curve, partial flat, and flat insert conformity in sagittal and coronal planes. According to the result, the coronal and sagittal plane conformity displayed the effect of the change on the contact stress, including the contact area for the flexion angle of the knee joint. The maximum contact stress increased while the contact area value decreased during the flexion angle of the knee joints raised. The changing insert conformity value in the sagittal plane displayed higher sensitivity to contact stress than the changing conformity in the coronal plane. The relationship between the contact stress and tibial insert conformity under knee flexion angle indicates highly regression suitable for the prediction. In addition, the FE simulation result was then verified by compared to mechanical testing using the Fujifilm technique. The result of FE analysis exhibited similar to that of the mechanical test. The study indicated that the different geometric designs of the insert conformity played a crucial role that influenced and relationship to the contact stress of TK
The effect of screw insertion configuration of Sinus Tarsi plate on biomechanical performance using finite element analysis
Abstract Sinus Tarsi plates are used as implants for minimally invasive surgery of calcaneus bone fractures. This study evaluated the screw fixation patterns of Sinus Tarsi plates for optimal biomechanical performance. Six three-dimensional (3D) finite element models with different positional screws were evaluated for calcaneus fracture stabilization using Sinus Tarsi plates with 5, 6, and 7 holes. Walking stance conditions as heel strike, midstance, and push-off phases were used to compare loading. Results indicated that the equivalent (EQV) stress exhibited in the implant was higher than in the surrounding bone, with the highest value during the push-off phase. The maximum EQV stress or risk of failure decreased when an insertion screw was placed in the anterior bone using a 7-hole plate, and the most stable strain result at the fracture bone site was recorded for a Sinus Tarsi plate with 7 holes (TT 7-1). The screw insertion pattern and configuration of the Sinus Tarsi plate impacted the biomechanical performance of the calcaneal fracture
The Influence of Weight Distribution on the Handling Characteristics of Intercity Bus under Steady State Vehicle Cornering Condition
The vehicle cornering behavior is an important performance in handling stability especially for the intercity bus. Accordingly, one of the significant parameters concerns the weight distribution which is affected by the center of gravity (CG). In this paper, the effect of weight distribution while varying the turning radius is compared and it should be expressed, and interpreted by understeer gradient which is influenced by the location of CG. The characteristic of intercity bus was modeled and evaluated using the multi-body dynamic analysis software. The analysis has been conducted under steady state cornering based on a total of three configurations, with front/rear axle weight in percent, as 40/60, 45/55, and 50/50.The results stated that the magnitude of weight distribution on front axle of bus in a range of 40% to 50% caused the incremental value of understeer gradient and it was also increased as three times in each turning radius since the difference lateral slip angles between front and rear are expanded
Morphometric Analysis and Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Reconstruction of Thai Distal Femur
This study evaluates the distal femur morphology of the Thai population using a three-dimensional (3D) measurement method, measuring the distance between the triangular point of the femoral 3D model. The 3D model of 360 Thai femoral obtained from 180 volunteers (90 males, 90 females; range 20–50 years, average 32.8 years) was created using reverse engineering techniques from computed tomography imaging data. Using the 3D identified landmark method, the morphometric parameters evaluated included transepicondylar axis length (TEA), mediolateral length (ML), anteroposterior width (AP), medial anteroposterior width (MAP), lateral anteroposterior width (LAP), medial condyle width (MCW), lateral condyle width (LCW), intercondylar notch width (WIN), intercondylar notch depth (DIN), medial posterior condyle height (MPC), lateral posterior condyle height (LPC), femoral aspect ratio (ML/AP), lateral femoral aspect ratio (ML/LAP), and medial femoral aspect ratio (ML/MAP). The measured data were summarized for the analysis of an average value and standard deviation. Statistical analysis was performed using the independent samples t-test, unequal variances t-test, and linear regression. A p-value less than 0.05 (<0.05) was regarded as statistically significant and indicates strong evidence of the hypothesis. Additionally, the K-means clustering analysis of Thai distal femoral to the optimum size of the prosthesis with the correlation between ML length and AP width was performed. The results found that the morphometric parameters of the Thai male distal femur were significantly different and higher than those of Thai females, except for the ratio of ML/AP and ML/MAP. Comparatively, there was a significant difference between the specific size of Thai distal femur and that of the Korean population, which was also smaller than that for Caucasians. In addition, there was a mismatch between the distal femoral component sizing of knee prosthesis and what is available and commonly used in Thailand. At least six sizes of ML and/or AP should be recommended for the reasonable design of distal femoral prosthesis for covering the anatomy of Thais. These data are useful for predicting the morphometric parameters in forensic anthropology and provide basic data for the design of knee prostheses suitable for the Thai population
Optimal Conformity Design of Tibial Insert Component Based on ISO Standard Wear Test Using Finite Element Analysis and Surrogate Model
Total knee replacement is a standard surgical treatment used to treat osteoarthritis in the knee. The implant is complicated, requiring expensive designs and testing as well as a surgical intervention. This research proposes a technique concerning the optimal conformity design of the symmetric polyethylene tibial insert component for fixed-bearing total knee arthroplasty. The Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) design of the experiment was used to create 30 cases of the varied tibial insert conformity that influenced the total knee replacement wear volume. The combination of finite element analysis and a surrogate model was performed to predict wear volume according to the standard of ISO-14243:2014 wear test and to determine the optimal conformity. In the first step, the results could predict wear volume between 5.50 to 72.92 mm3/106 cycle. The Kriging method of a surrogate model has then created the increased design based on the efficient global optimization (EGO) method with improving data 10 design points. The result revealed that the optimum design of tibial insert conformity in a coronal and sagittal plane was 0.70 and 0.59, respectively, with a minimizing wear volume of 3.07 mm3/106 cycle. The verification results revealed that the area surface scrape and wear volume are similar to those predicted by the experiment. The wear behavior on the tibial insert surface was asymmetry of both sides. From this study it can be concluded that the optimal conformity design of the tibial insert component can be by using a finite element and surrogate model combined with the design of conformity to the minimized wear volume
āļāļīāļāļāļīāļāļĨāļāļāļāđāļĻāļĐāđāļĄāļĨāļēāļĄāļĩāļāļāļāļĢāđāļĄāļēāļĨāļāļĩāđāļŪāļāđāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļŦāļāđāļ§āļāļāļāļīāļāļīāļĢāļīāļĒāļēāļĢāļĩāđāļŪāđāļāļĢāļāļąāļāļāļāļāļĒāļīāļāļāļąāļĄInfluence of Melamine Formaldehyde Waste on Retardation of Gypsum Rehydration Reaction
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Real-Time Gait Phase Detection Using Wearable Sensors for Transtibial Prosthesis Based on a kNN Algorithm
Those with disabilities who have lost their legs must use a prosthesis to walk. However, traditional prostheses have the disadvantage of being unable to move and support the human gait because there are no mechanisms or algorithms to control them. This makes it difficult for the wearer to walk. To overcome this problem, we developed an insole device with a wearable sensor for real-time gait phase detection based on the kNN (k-nearest neighbor) algorithm for prosthetic control. The kNN algorithm is used with the raw data obtained from the pressure sensors in the insole to predict seven walking phases, i.e., stand, heel strike, foot flat, midstance, heel off, toe-off, and swing. As a result, the predictive decision in each gait cycle to control the ankle movement of the transtibial prosthesis improves with each walk. The results in this study can provide 81.43% accuracy for gait phase detection, and can control the transtibial prosthetic effectively at the maximum walking speed of 6 km/h. Moreover, this insole device is small, lightweight and unaffected by the physical factors of the wearer