Mobiilipelien nousu pelimarkkinoiden huipulle

Tiivistelmä. Mobiilipelien ala on kasvanut muutamassa vuosikymmenessä pelimarkkinoiden ylivoimaiseksi ykköseksi. Teknologinen kehitys on vienyt mobiilipelien ja -alustan kehitystä mukanaan, ja nykyisin ei melkein voida edes kuvitella aikaa, jolloin mobiililaitteita ei ollut. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli tutkia mobiilipelien markkinadominoinnin syitä erityisesti siitä näkökulmasta, miten ja miksi näin on päässyt käymään. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli löytää tärkeimpiä mobiilipelien nousuun johtaneita syitä pelimarkkinoilla, kuin myös verrata mobiilialustaa sen kilpailijoihin (PC ja konsolit), jotta voitaisiin vertailla eri alustojen vahvuuksia ja heikkouksia keskenään. Näiden tavoitteiden lisäksi tutkimuksessa käsiteltiin mobiilialan ja -pelien tulevaisuutta, jonka myötä voitiin todeta, että ala tulee alati kasvamaan jatkossa. Kirjallisuuskatsaus osoitti, että pääsyyt mobiilipelien nousulle ovat teknologinen kehitys, mobiililaitteiden määrän jatkuva kasvu ja tehokkaat rahastusmenetelmät. Tämän lisäksi havainnoitiin, että ihmiset käyttävät mobiililaitteita keskimäärin noin kolme tuntia päivässä ja että nuoremmat sukupolvet käyttävät niitä enemmän kuin vanhat. Johtopäätösten mukaan mobiilipelien ala tulee kasvamaan suuresti lähitulevaisuudessa niin pelaajien määrissä kuin markkina-asemassa. Tärkeimpänä tulevaisuuden kasvun alueena on Aasian väkirikkaat maat

Projektien riskien ja epävarmuuden hallinta

Tiivistelmä. Nykyisin mediassa paljon huomiota ovat saaneet projektien epäonnistumiset, mikä antoi loistavan kipinän lähteä tutkimaan projektien riskien ja epävarmuuden hallintaa. Projektit ovat uniikkeja kokonaisuuksia, joilla on selkä aloitus ja lopetus. Projekteja mitataan kolmesta näkökulmasta, joita ovat kustannukset, aikataulu ja suorituskyky. Projektit ovat saaneet huomiota mediassa erityisesti niiden aikataulullisista ja kustannuksellisista syistä. Riskit ja epävarmuus on läsnä kaikissa projekteissa, joten riskienhallinta on keskeistä projektin onnistumisen kannalta. Riskit ja epävarmuus liittyvän toisiinsa, mutta termeillä on kuitenkin eri merkitykset. Tässä työssä tutkitaan projektien riskienhallintaa olemassa olevan kirjallisuuskatsauksen perusteella. Perusteellisella kirjallisuuden tutkimisella halutaan saada kattava näkemys erityisesti riskienhallinnan sisällöstä. Työssä halutaan selvittää syitä miksi projektit epäonnistuvat ja mitä sisältää onnistunut projekti. Tässä kandidaatin työssä erityisesti halutaan kirjallisuuskatsauksen perusteella löytää tekijöitä, mistä onnistuneet projektit koostuvat. Riskienhallinta prosessi sisältää useita eri vaiheita, joihin tässä työssä syvennytään. Työssä aluksi selvitetään kirjallisuuden perusteella projektiin liittyviä käsitteitä, joiden pohjalta syvennytään projektien riskienhallintaan. Työssä halutaan avata tekijöitä, jotka tulee huomioida projektienhallinnassa ja projektin riskien ja epävarmuuden hallinnassa. Työllä on erityinen merkitys kirjoittajan näkökulmasta, koska työllä halutaan saada näkemystä projekteista, niiden hallinnasta ja projektien riskienhallinnasta. Työssä metodina on käytetty kirjallisuuden tutkimusta. Tietoa on etsitty työhön aiheeseen liittyvästä kirjallisuudesta, journaaleista ja internetistä julkaistuja aiheeseen liittyviä tieteellisiä artikkeleita. Työn tavoitteena on kirjallisuuskatsauksen perusteella saada kokonaiskuva mitä projektit sisältävät ja mistä koostuu projektin riskien ja epävarmuuden hallinta. Työn lopussa yhteenvedossa esitellään työn keskeisimmät tulokset. Onnistuneessa projektissa yrityksen johto antaa riittävän tuen ja resurssit projektin suorittamiseen. Organisaation vahva laadullinen toimintakulttuuri ja yrityksen laaja koulutus riskienhallintaa antaa loistavan pohjan yrityksille toteuttaa projekteja onnistuneesti. Jokaiselle projektille muodostuu omalainen riskienhallinta prosessi, jonka keskeisimpiä vaiheet ovat riskienhallinnan suunnittelun, riskien tunnistamisen, kvalitatiivisen- ja kvantitatiivisen analyysin, riskien reagointi suunnitelman ja riskien seurannan.Managing risk and uncertainty in project. Abstract. Nowadays projects have got lots of media attention due to project failures. Projects are unique set of events, which have clear start and end. Especially projects have problems with their costs and schedule. Projects can be measured by time, costs and quality point of view. Risk and uncertainty are involved in every project, so risk management is key operation t in terms of project success. It’s key to understand the terms risk and uncertainty do not mean the same thing but are link to each other. Project’s risk management is investigated in this thesis by using existing literature. This thesis is looking answer for questions; what are the reasons for project failure and what are the characteristics of successful project? Risk management includes many different phases and this thesis objective is to explore the phases of risk management in the project. In the beginning, this thesis expands the literature theories around the project, followed by investigation about project’s risk management. Objective of this thesis is to recognize factors to consider in project management and project risk management. This thesis has significant meaning for the researcher to expand the knowledge about project management. Risk management is the subject of the work, because risk management is key operation in every industry area. Literature review gives profound view about the theories used in project management and project risk management. The final phase of this thesis is conclusion, which highlights the main points of the thesis. Conclusion provides information about the main factors around projects, features of successful project and main causes of project failure. Project risk management process made by PMBOK is presented in this thesis. Project success is result of firm’s support and enough resources given for project. Firm’s strong quality culture and extensive quality training give better premise for project execution. Every project has own risk management process, which main phases are risk planning, risk recognition, quality and qualitative analyze, risk reaction and risk control

Distributed Computing in the Asynchronous LOCAL model

The LOCAL model is among the main models for studying locality in the framework of distributed network computing. This model is however subject to pertinent criticisms, including the facts that all nodes wake up simultaneously, perform in lock steps, and are failure-free. We show that relaxing these hypotheses to some extent does not hurt local computing. In particular, we show that, for any construction task $T$ associated to a locally checkable labeling (LCL), if $T$ is solvable in $t$ rounds in the LOCAL model, then $T$ remains solvable in $O(t)$ rounds in the asynchronous LOCAL model. This improves the result by Casta\~neda et al. [SSS 2016], which was restricted to 3-coloring the rings. More generally, the main contribution of this paper is to show that, perhaps surprisingly, asynchrony and failures in the computations do not restrict the power of the LOCAL model, as long as the communications remain synchronous and failure-free

Treatment of sleep apnoea with tonsillectomy : a retrospective analysis using long-term follow-up data

Purpose This single-group, retrospective, pre-test-post-test study was performed to examine clinical outcomes in treating obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) with tonsillectomy alone and had the longest follow-up periods to date. Methods We analysed 151 tonsillectomies in our district between the years 2004 and 2018 that had either sleep apnoea or snoring listed as a diagnosis. Twenty-one patients met our criteria and were included. Patient records were analysed for home sleep apnoea test and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) scores. Results We defined success as a > 50% reduction of the Apnoea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) and a total AHI of < 20 post-surgery. The averages before surgery were an AHI of 22.3 and an ESS of 7.22. The success rate was 47.6% after tonsillectomy as the sole treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea in our adult population. Eleven patients were non-responders. The average ESS score reduction was 0.69 and did not reach statistical significance. With follow-up times ranging from 1.8 to 171 months, this study had the longest follow-up period compared to other existing studies. No patient with a follow-up longer than one year was a responder. Conclusion Our results support that tonsillectomy is an effective treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea in adults with tonsillar hypertrophy. With less severe OSA than those reported on previously, our patients also had less severe daytime sleepiness before surgery, and daytime sleepiness score reductions did not reach statistical significance. In the future, long-term results should be further analysed.Peer reviewe

Fluctuations of work in nearly adiabatically driven open quantum systems

We extend the quantum jump method to nearly adiabatically driven open quantum systems in a way that allows for an accurate account of the external driving in the system-environment interaction. Using this framework, we construct the corresponding trajectory-dependent work performed on the system and derive the integral fluctuation theorem and the Jarzynski equality for nearly adiabatic driving. We show that such identities hold as long as the stochastic dynamics and work variable are consistently defined. We numerically study the emerging work statistics for a two-level quantum system and find that the conventional diabatic approximation is unable to capture some prominent features arising from driving such as the continuity of the probability density of work. Our results reveal the necessity of using accurate expressions for the drive-dressed heat exchange in future experiments probing jump time distributions.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figure

Work and heat for two-level systems in dissipative environments: Strong driving and non-Markovian dynamics

Work, moments of work and heat flux are studied for the generic case of a strongly driven twolevel system immersed in a bosonic heat bath in domains of parameter space where perturbative treatments fail. This includes particularly the interplay between non-Markovian dynamics and moderate to strong external driving. Exact data are compared with predictions from weak coupling approaches. Further, the role of system-bath correlations in the initial thermal state and their impact on the heat flux are addressed. The relevance of these results for current experimental activities on solid state devices is discussed.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures, this version: added one new author, changed figures 2 and 4, minor changes in the tex

Effects of microwave vs. convection oven heating on the formation of oxidation products in canola (Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera) oil

Research on the effects of microwave vs. "conventional" heating of dietary oils on lipid oxidation has been very limited. In this study, canola oil (Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera) was heated in either convection or microwave oven to compare the effects of heating methods on triacylglycerol (TAG) oxidation. Peroxide and p-anisidine values (PV and p-AV, respectively) were determined and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric (LC-MS) analysis of non-oxidized and oxidized TAG molecular species was performed. Neither of the heat treatments caused any considerable changes in PV of the oil samples. However, increase in p-AV was observed. The change was higher in the oil heated in microwave oven, demonstrating a higher increase in the amount of secondary oxidation products. The changes were accompanied by a decrease in the polyunsaturated TAG molecular species ACN:DB (acyl carbon number: number of double bonds) 54: 7 and 54: 6, this change also being higher in the oil heated in microwave oven

Variation in quality of mountain birch and tea-leaved willow for mammal and insect herbivores: Differences among trees, among sites and between tree species

We evaluated palatability of winter dormant tree twigs to the mountain hare Lepus timidus and the grey-sided vole Clethrionomys rufocanus with captive animals. We tested differences among trees within sites, among sites, and between two tree species (the mountain birch Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii and the tea-leaved willow Salix phylicifolia). In one of the sites, we also measured growth rates of autumnal moth Epirrita autumnata larvae on the same trees that were used in preference trials with the hares and voles. The differences in palatability to hares and voles were greatest al the level of tree species; both hares and voles preferred birches over willows, but with the hare there was some overlap in palatability between the tree species. There were also large and significant differences among sites and among trees within sites. Within sites, variation in tree palatability seemed to be larger among willows than among birches. Hares and voles may select willows at least partly on the same basis, but there was no correlation between palatability of the trees to the mammals and the growth rate of the larvae of the autumnal moth on the same trees. Variation in twig palatability to the hares and voles was so large at all levels (among trees within sites, among sites and between tree species) that we suggest it also has implications for food selection of these mammalian herbivores under natural conditions