Effect of Process Mineralogical Properties on Floatability of a Copper-cobalt Ore in Zambia

This is an article in the field of mining engineering. The process mineralogy is the prerequisite for flotation. The influence of ore fineness and the degree of dissociation of the target mineral monomer on ore floatability can be used to guide the selection of suitable flotation conditions. A systematic study of the process mineralogy of a copper-cobalt ore was carried out using the methods of X-ray fluorescence analysis, X-ray powder diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and electron polarizing microscopy. Based on the process mineralogy studies, the flotation tests were carried out, at the condition of grinding fineness of -0.074 mm 70%, with a process of one roughing-two scavenging-two cleaning closed-circuit flowsheet. The sulfide concentrate with the grade of Cu 21.04%, Co 9.83% and the recovery of Cu 92.88%, Co 92.84% was achieved

Analysis of the incidence and relevant factors of visual acuity abnormalities in preschool children undergoing kindergarten entrance physical examinations in Shannan City， Xizang， 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence and relevant factors of visual acuity abnormalities in preschool children undergoing kindergarten entrance physical examinations in Shannan City, Xizang, in 2022, so as to formulate policies for protecting children’s visual acuity and provide a basis for optimizing the children’s health service system in this region.MethodsA cross sectional study was conducted among the children undergoing kindergarten entrance physical examinations in Shannan City in 2022. A diopter examination was performed for these children, and a questionnaire survey was administered to their caregivers. Additionally, factors affecting children’s visual acuity abnormalities were analyzed using the χ² test and binary logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 759 children were included in the analysis, with an incidence rate for visual acuity abnormalities of 11.20%. Univariate analysis showed that statistically significant differences were observed in the incidence rate for visual acuity abnormalities among preschool children in terms of different family monthly income (χ²=17.395, P<0.001), father’s education level (χ²=5.133, P=0.023), postnatal vitamin A and D supplementation (χ²=9.575, P=0.008), and feeding method within the first 6 months after birth (χ²=9.330, P=0.009). Multivariate analysis results indicated that family monthly income <5 000 yuan (OR=2.599, P=0.003), insufficient postnatal vitamin A and D supplementation (OR=1.912, P=0.011), and formula feeding (OR=2.131, P=0.010) were relevant factors for abnormal visual development in children.ConclusionThe incidence of visual acuity abnormalities in preschool children in Shannan City is slightly higher than that previously reported in other regions of Xizang. The occurrence of visual acuity abnormalities in children is related to factors such as family monthly income, postnatal vitamin A and D supplementation, and feeding method within the first 6 months after birth. Future interventions should be strengthened on the promotion and dissemination of knowledge related to eye use, such as improve parental awareness of eye care, promote timely vitamin A and D supplementation and encourage breast feeding for children after birth, more specifically, attentions need to be focused on the visual acuity problems of children from low-income families to safeguard the visual health in preschool children in Shannan City, Xizang

High altitude renal syndrome: four elements or one source?

High Altitude Renal Syndrome (HARS) is a clinical syndrome characterized by polycythemia, hyperuricemia, hypertension, and albuminuria at high altitudes. This review emphasizes hypoxia-induced High Altitude Polycythemia (HAPC) as its core driver. In 2014, the 6th Qinghai International Conference on Mountain Medicine and High Altitude Physiology established international diagnostic criteria for HAPC (hemoglobin ≥210g/L in males, ≥190g/L in females). HAPC triggers systemic hypoxia, leading to hyperuricemia via uric acid overproduction and reduced renal excretion, hypertension from hemodynamic changes, and glomerular injury through erythrocytosis. Pathological mechanisms involve HIF-2α-mediated glomerular hypertrophy and podocyte damage. Treatment strategies target HAPC and downstream effects. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (e.g., acetazolamide) reduce hematocrit and improve oxygen saturation, but newer agents like methazolamide and dichlorphenamide offer equivalent efficacy with fewer side effects (e.g., reduced central nervous system toxicity). For severe cases, descending to lower altitudes remains the gold standard. Additional interventions include calcium channel blockers (nifedipine), urate-lowering drugs, and experimental therapies such as HIF-2α inhibitors (PT2385) and endothelin receptor antagonists (matitan). This analysis underscores HAPC as the primary etiology of HARS, advocating revised diagnostic criteria and treatment prioritization

Determinants of self-rated health among an older Tibetan population in a Chinese plateau area: analysis based on the conceptual framework for determinants of health

Abstract Background Self-rated health (SRH) has been frequently used in population health surveys. However, most of these studies only focus on specific factors that might directly affect SRH, so only partial or confounding information about the determinants of SRH is potentially obtained. Conducted in an older Tibetan population in a Chinese plateau area, the aim of our study is to assess interrelationships between various factors affecting SRH based on the conceptual framework for determinants of health. Methods Between May 2018 and September 2019, 2707 Tibetans aged 50 years or older were recruited as part of the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort Study (CMEC) from the Chengguan District of Lhasa city in Tibet. The information included SRH and variables based on the conceptual framework for determinants of health (i.e., socioeconomic status, health behaviors, physical health, mental health, and chronic diseases). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to estimate the direct and indirect effects of multiple factors in the conceptual framework. Results Among all participants, 5.54% rated their health excellent, 51.16% very good, 33.58% good, 9.12% fairly poor and 0.59% poor. Physical health (β = − 0.23, P &lt;  0.001), health behaviors (β = − 0.44, P &lt;  0.001), socioeconomic status (β = − 0.29, P &lt;  0.001), chronic diseases (β = − 0.32, P &lt;  0.001) and gender (β = 0.19, P &lt;  0.001) were directly associated with SRH. Socioeconomic status, physical health and gender affected SRH both directly and indirectly. In addition, there are potential complete mediator effects in which age and mental health affect SRH through mediators, such as physical health, health behaviors and chronic diseases. Conclusions The findings suggested that interventions targeting behavioral changes, health and chronic disease management should be attached to improve SRH among older populations in plateau areas without ignoring gender and socioeconomic disparities. </jats:sec