9 research outputs found

    Simulating Business Process Scenarios for Event-Based Systems

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    Use of anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents in stable outpatients with coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation. International CLARIFY registry

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    Analysis of Space-Time Flow Structures by Optimization and Visualization Methods

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    Hind feet position score: A novel trait to genetically reduce lameness incidence

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    Lameness is an important health and welfare issue that causes considerable economic losses in dairy herds. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the hind feet position score (HFPS) can be used as an auxiliary trait for genetic evaluation of lameness. The HFPS is evaluated by visual scoring of the position of both the hind-digits to the mid-line of the cow's body. The higher the heel height of the lateral claw, the higher is the HFPS, and the higher is the risk for development of lameness. In total, 3,478 records from 1,064 Fleckvieh cows from 35 farms were obtained between September 1, 2021, and March 5, 2022. Data collection was carried out by the regional milk recording organizations. Hind feet position was scored visually by trained personnel during routine milk performance testing in the milking parlor using a 3-class scoring system: score 1 = 0° to 24°. After all cows had been milked, locomotion scoring was performed for each animal using a 5-class scoring system with locomotion scores ranging between 1 (normal) and 5 (severely lame). Using HFPS, sensitivity and specificity were 69.5% and 66.8%, respectively, for detecting lameness defined by locomotion score ≄2. For genetic analyses, a bivariate linear animal model was fitted with fixed effects of herd, parity, lactation stage, and classifier, and random effects of animal and permanent environment. Heritabilities for HFPS and locomotion score were 0.07 and 0.10, respectively, and the genetic correlation between the 2 traits studied was 0.80. These results suggest that the HFPS could be used for genetic evaluations to reduce lameness incidence in dairy cattle

    Usability of bacteriological milk analyses for genetic improvement of udder health in Austrian Fleckvieh cows

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    In addition to somatic cell count records and clinical mastitis diagnoses, results of bacteriological milk analyses provide valuable information regarding udder health. The pathogen causing an udder infection is currently not considered in Austria as part of the information used for estimation of routine breeding values for mastitis resistance. Therefore the objective of this study was to estimate heritabilities for, and genetic correlations between, udder traits of bacterial infection (bacterial infection, gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial infection) and routinely recorded udder health traits [acute mastitis, chronic mastitis, culling due to udder health problems, and somatic cell score (SCS)] in Austrian Fleckvieh cows. The basis for the genetic analyses was a data set with results from bacteriological milk analyses collected from 237 dairy farms and 6,822 cows over a period of 1 yr. Traits were defined as binary, apart from SCS, for which measures were available continuously. Multivariate analyses using a linear animal model were applied for estimating genetic parameters. The heritabilities for the occurrence of bacterial udder infection traits were 0.01. Heritabilities were 0.04 for acute mastitis, 0.02 for chronic mastitis, 0.02 for culling due to udder health problems, and 0.20 for SCS. Genetic correlations between bacteriological infection and the routinely recorded udder health traits were positive and ranged from 0.62 to 0.96. The genetic correlation between gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial infection was -0.20. The genetic correlation between acute and chronic mastitis was also close to zero. These results show that mastitis caused by different pathogens may be seen as different traits. As analyses were based on a relatively small data set and results were associated with rather high standard errors, further research with a larger data set should be carried out to confirm these results

    Hind feet position score: A novel trait to genetically reduce lameness incidence

    No full text
    Lameness is an important health and welfare issue that causes considerable economic losses in dairy herds. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the hind feet position score (HFPS) can be used as an auxiliary trait for genetic evaluation of lameness. The HFPS is evaluated by visual scoring of the position of both the hind-digits to the mid-line of the cow\u27s body. The higher the heel height of the lateral claw, the higher is the HFPS, and the higher is the risk for development of lameness. In total, 3,478 records from 1,064 Fleckvieh cows from 35 farms were obtained between September 1, 2021, and March 5, 2022. Data collection was carried out by the regional milk recording organizations. Hind feet position was scored visually by trained personnel during routine milk performance testing in the milking parlor using a 3-class scoring system: score 1 = 0° to 24°. After all cows had been milked, locomotion scoring was performed for each animal using a 5-class scoring system with locomotion scores ranging between 1 (normal) and 5 (severely lame). Using HFPS, sensitivity and specificity were 69.5% and 66.8%, respectively, for detecting lameness defined by locomotion score ≄2. For genetic analyses, a bivariate linear animal model was fitted with fixed effects of herd, parity, lactation stage, and classifier, and random effects of animal and permanent environment. Heritabilities for HFPS and locomotion score were 0.07 and 0.10, respectively, and the genetic correlation between the 2 traits studied was 0.80. These results suggest that the HFPS could be used for genetic evaluations to reduce lameness incidence in dairy cattle

    Chronic coronary syndromes without standard modifiable cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes: the CLARIFY registry

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    Background and Aims: It has been reported that patients without standard modifiable cardiovascular (CV) risk factors (SMuRFs—diabetes, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, and smoking) presenting with first myocardial infarction (MI), especially women, have a higher in-hospital mortality than patients with risk factors, and possibly a lower long-term risk provided they survive the post-infarct period. This study aims to explore the long-term outcomes of SMuRF-less patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: CLARIFY is an observational cohort of 32 703 outpatients with stable CAD enrolled between 2009 and 2010 in 45 countries. The baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with and without SMuRFs were compared. The primary outcome was a composite of 5-year CV death or non-fatal MI. Secondary outcomes were 5-year all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE—CV death, non-fatal MI, or non-fatal stroke). Results: Among 22 132 patients with complete risk factor and outcome information, 977 (4.4%) were SMuRF-less. Age, sex, and time since CAD diagnosis were similar across groups. SMuRF-less patients had a lower 5-year rate of CV death or non-fatal MI (5.43% [95% CI 4.08–7.19] vs. 7.68% [95% CI 7.30–8.08], P = 0.012), all-cause mortality, and MACE. Similar results were found after adjustments. Clinical event rates increased steadily with the number of SMuRFs. The benefit of SMuRF-less status was particularly pronounced in women. Conclusions: SMuRF-less patients with stable CAD have a substantial but significantly lower 5-year rate of CV death or non-fatal MI than patients with risk factors. The risk of CV outcomes increases steadily with the number of risk factors
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