Implementation of stellar heating feedback in simulations of star cluster formation: effects on the initial mass function

Explaining the initial mass function (IMF) of stars is a long-standing problem in astrophysics. The number of complex mechanisms involved in the process of star cluster formation, such as turbulence, magnetic fields and stellar feedback, make understanding and modeling the IMF a challenging task. In this paper, we aim to assert the importance of stellar heating feedback in the star cluster formation process and its effect on the shape of the IMF. We use an analytical sub-grid model to implement the radiative feedback in fully three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) simulations of star cluster formation, with the ultimate objective of obtaining numerical convergence on the IMF. We compare a set of MHD adaptive-mesh-refinement (AMR) simulations with three different implementations of the heating of the gas: 1) a polytropic equation of state (EOS), 2) a spherically symmetric stellar heating feedback, and 3) our newly developed polar heating model that takes into account the geometry of the accretion disc and the resulting shielding of stellar radiation by dust. For each of the three heating models, we analyse the distribution of stellar masses formed in ten molecular cloud simulations with different realizations of the turbulence to obtain a statistically representative IMF. We conclude that stellar heating feedback has a profound influence on the number of stars formed and plays a crucial role in controlling the IMF. We find that the simulations with the polar heating model achieve the best convergence on the observed IMF.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, 1 table; added references, published in MNRA

Localised melorheostosis

Melorheostosis is a sclerosing bone dysplasia of unknown aetiology. Diagnosis is mainly based on a combination of clinical and imaging studies. The classical dripping candle wax picture on plain radiograph is diagnostic. We report a case of localized melorheostosis of a 14 year old boy on daily analgesics for two years for pain relief. Radiographs showed endosteal bone formation like dripping candle wax. Biopsy and decompression of the hyperostosis was done. However biopsy did not relieve his symptoms. Based on literature survey he was given a single infusion of zoledronic acid. This gave dramatic relief in pain

Functional outcome of tendoachilles following Ponseti’s tenotomy for treatment of congenital talipes equino varus in children older than two years

Background: Long term results of tenotomy and Ponseti technique are established worldwide. However, functions of Tendoachilles following Ponseti’s tenotomy in these cases i.e. idiopathic/neglected/operated/relapsed clubfeet (after casting or surgical correction) are not established. Tendoachilles regeneration after tenotomy has been confirmed on USG and MRI but only a few studies have done functional evaluation of tendoachilles. This study was done to evaluate the functional outcome of tendoachilles after tenotomy in patients older than two years presenting with CTEV. This study also assessed the influence of age and any previous treatment on tenotomy.Methods: In this study, 42 children (68 clubfeet) were seen in the two year study period. Children between 2-13 years coming to the outpatient department for treatment using the Ponseti’s method were followed during and after completion of treatment for 2 years. Patients were divided into two groups-first according to age and second according to previous treatment. Clinical evaluation of tendoachilles regeneration was done by evaluating the child’s ability to stand on tip of toes on single leg and walking ability.Results: The ability to stand on tip of toes after removal of the final cast was delayed maximum in the previously operated patients (9.5 weeks), lesser in patients who were previously treated by casting (7.3 weeks) and least in neglected patients (7 weeks). It also increased as the age increased (2-5 years age group required 7.4 weeks whereas 11-13 years age group required 16 weeks). Neglected patients started walking earlier (4.6 weeks) as compared to patients treated conservatively (4.8 weeks) or operatively (7.2 weeks). Younger children started walking earlier (age 2-5 years required 4.7 weeks whereas 11-13 years age group required 12 weeks). Conclusions: Functional evaluation of tendoachilles showed that all children who had tenotomy could walk and stand on tip of toes irrespective of age and previous treatment. However, older child and children having history of previous treatment, required longer time for recovery

Evaluating Active Lecture and Traditional Lecture in Higher Education

Access the online Pressbooks version of this article here. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of traditional and active lecture methods in higher-education courses. A multiple group convergent parallel mixed method design was used, with measurement of learning, attention, and student preference for active or traditional lecture methods. Six faculty at a public university in the northeast region of the United States engaged 178 undergraduate and graduate students in a traditional lecture session and an active lecture session during the Spring 2022 semester. Results indicated effectiveness of active and traditional lecture approaches (p \u3c .05). Analysis of qualitative and quantitative data in the study provides additional information regarding student preference for active lecture based on perceptions of increased learning benefits, interaction/engagement, attention, activities, discussion, and the use of multimedia. In implementing both traditional and active lecture sessions this study employed pre-lecture and post-lecture quizzes that students found to be very beneficial to learning

Comparing methods of assessing dog rabies vaccination coverage in rural and urban communities in Tanzania

Rabies can be eliminated by achieving comprehensive coverage of 70% of domestic dogs during annual mass vaccination campaigns. Estimates of vaccination coverage are, therefore, required to evaluate and manage mass dog vaccination programs; however, there is no specific guidance for the most accurate and efficient methods for estimating coverage in different settings. Here, we compare post-vaccination transects, school-based surveys, and household surveys across 28 districts in southeast Tanzania and Pemba island covering rural, urban, coastal and inland settings, and a range of different livelihoods and religious backgrounds. These approaches were explored in detail in a single district in northwest Tanzania (Serengeti), where their performance was compared with a complete dog population census that also recorded dog vaccination status. Post-vaccination transects involved counting marked (vaccinated) and unmarked (unvaccinated) dogs immediately after campaigns in 2,155 villages (24,721 dogs counted). School-based surveys were administered to 8,587 primary school pupils each representing a unique household, in 119 randomly selected schools approximately 2 months after campaigns. Household surveys were conducted in 160 randomly selected villages (4,488 households) in July/August 2011. Costs to implement these coverage assessments were $12.01,$66.12, and $155.70 per village for post-vaccination transects, school-based, and household surveys, respectively. Simulations were performed to assess the effect of sampling on the precision of coverage estimation. The sampling effort required to obtain reasonably precise estimates of coverage from household surveys is generally very high and probably prohibitively expensive for routine monitoring across large areas, particularly in communities with high human to dog ratios. School-based surveys partially overcame sampling constraints, however, were also costly to obtain reasonably precise estimates of coverage. Post-vaccination transects provided precise and timely estimates of community-level coverage that could be used to troubleshoot the performance of campaigns across large areas. However, transects typically overestimated coverage by around 10%, which therefore needs consideration when evaluating the impacts of campaigns. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these different methods and make recommendations for how vaccination campaigns can be better monitored and managed at different stages of rabies control and elimination programs

Android Application for Efficient Management of Transport System

The construct behind our plan is to implement an android application for the economical management of college bus system. Hence by developing an application like this the overhead along with Bus Management System can get a larger relief. Thus, this application will provide information regarding the whole details of the bus system like Bus Root, Bus Number, Student details, bus Time etc. by storing onto an information. And also this can provide an extra feature of message delivery system for the users (in case if there is delay for the bus) as well as for the management over some circumstances, in addition to that bus locating facility for the passengers. The key advantage is seems to be a gift of modern way of practice which is not common at present

Deep phenotyping and genomic data from a nationally representative study on dementia in India

The Harmonized Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia for the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI-DAD) is a nationally representative in-depth study of cognitive aging and dementia. We present a publicly available dataset of harmonized cognitive measures of 4,096 adults 60 years of age and older in India, collected across 18 states and union territories. Blood samples were obtained to carry out whole blood and serum-based assays. Results are included in a venous blood specimen datafile that can be linked to the Harmonized LASI-DAD dataset. A global screening array of 960 LASI-DAD respondents is also publicly available for download, in addition to neuroimaging data on 137 LASI-DAD participants. Altogether, these datasets provide comprehensive information on older adults in India that allow researchers to further understand risk factors associated with cognitive impairment and dementia.Peer reviewe

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely