Osteochondrodysplasia in three Scottish Fold cats

This report explains typical radiographic features of Scottish Fold osteochondrodysplasia. Three Scottish Fold cats suffering from lameness were referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Seoul National University, Korea. Based on the breed predisposition, history, clinical signs, physical examination, and radiographic findings, Scottish Fold osteochondrodysplasia was confirmed in three cases. Radiographic changes mainly included exostosis and secondary arthritis around affected joint lesions, and defective conformation in the phalanges and caudal vertebrae. The oral chondroprotective agents such as glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate make the patients alleviate their pain without adverse effects

Age-Related Changes in the Prevalence of Osteoporosis according to Gender and Skeletal Site: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2010

BackgroundThe incidence of osteoporosis and its related fractures are expected to increase significantly in the rapidly aging Korean population. Reliable data on the prevalence of this disease is essential for treatment planning. However, sparse data on Korean patients is available.MethodsWe analyzed data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008 to 2010. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the femoral neck and lumbar spine using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Osteopenia and osteoporosis were diagnosed according to the World Health Organization T-score criteria. We analyzed the BMD data of 17,208 people (men, 7,837; women, 9,368).ResultsThe adjusted prevalence of osteoporosis was 7.8% in men versus 37.0% in women. No significant difference was observed in the prevalence of osteopenia between genders (men, 47.0%; women, 48.7%). The prevalence of osteoporosis in men in their 50s was 4.0%, in their 60s was 7.2%, in their 70s was 15.1%, and in their 80s was 26.7%. The figures in women were 15.2%, 36.5%, 62.7%, and 85.8%, respectively. The age group with the maximal BMD differed between genders. In the men, 20s had the highest value in all the skeletal sites. However, in the women, the maximal BMD in the femoral neck, lumbar spine, and the total hip was observed in their 20s, 30s, and 40s, respectively. The onset age of osteoporosis differed between genders. Osteoporosis in the femoral neck began at 55 years in the women and at 60 years in the men.ConclusionThe prevalence of osteoporosis in Korea was significantly high. In addition, the age-related changes in the prevalence of osteoporosis differed according to gender and skeletal site

Characteristics of the study population by triglyceride strata.

<p>Characteristics of the study population by triglyceride strata.</p

Validation of the Martin Method for Estimating Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Korean Adults: Findings from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009-2011

<div><p>Despite the importance of accurate assessment for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), the Friedewald formula has primarily been used as a cost-effective method to estimate LDL-C when triglycerides are less than 400 mg/dL. In a recent study, an alternative to the formula was proposed to improve estimation of LDL-C. We evaluated the performance of the novel method versus the Friedewald formula using a sample of 5,642 Korean adults with LDL-C measured by an enzymatic homogeneous assay (LDL-C_D). Friedewald LDL-C (LDL-C_F) was estimated using a fixed factor of 5 for the ratio of triglycerides to very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG:VLDL-C ratio). However, the novel LDL-C (LDL-C_N) estimates were calculated using the N-strata-specific median TG:VLDL-C ratios, LDL-C₅ and LDL-C₂₅ from respective ratios derived from our data set, and LDL-C₁₈₀ from the 180-cell table reported by the original study. Compared with LDL-C_F, each LDL-C_N estimate exhibited a significantly higher overall concordance in the NCEP-ATP III guideline classification with LDL-C_D (<i>p</i>< 0.001 for each comparison). Overall concordance was 78.2% for LDL-C_F, 81.6% for LDL-C₅, 82.3% for LDL-C₂₅, and 82.0% for LDL-C₁₈₀. Compared to LDL-C₅, LDL-C₂₅ significantly but slightly improved overall concordance (<i>p</i> = 0.008). LDL-C₂₅ and LDL-C₁₈₀ provided almost the same overall concordance; however, LDL-C₁₈₀ achieved superior improvement in classifying LDL-C < 70 mg/dL compared to the other estimates. In subjects with triglycerides of 200 to 399 mg/dL, each LDL-C_N estimate showed a significantly higher concordance than that of LDL-C_F (<i>p</i>< 0.001 for each comparison). The novel method offers a significant improvement in LDL-C estimation when compared with the Friedewald formula. However, it requires further modification and validation considering the racial differences as well as the specific character of the applied measuring method.</p></div

Median for the ratio of triglycerides to very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride strata (25-cell).

<p>Median for the ratio of triglycerides to very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride strata (25-cell).</p

Concordance in the NCEP-ATP III guideline classification by Friedewald vs. novel estimates of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in relation to direct LDL-C when triglycerides are lower than 400 mg/dL.

<p>Concordance in the NCEP-ATP III guideline classification by Friedewald vs. novel estimates of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in relation to direct LDL-C when triglycerides are lower than 400 mg/dL.</p

Relationship between triglyceride and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels(VLDL-C indicates very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglyceride).

<p>The dark right-upward line represents the values of triglycerides divided by 5, the estimates of VLDL-C used in the Friedewald formula. If the true VLDL-C value is greater than the triglycerides/5 value (dots above the line), then the Friedewald equation will tend to underestimate VLDL-C, and vice versa if the true VLDL-C is less than the triglycerides/5 (dots below the line). Overall, the Friedewald formula showed a tendency to overestimate VLDL-C and thus underestimate LDL-C as triglyceride levels increased. The broken line displays the fitted regression of triglycerides on VLDL-C when triglyceride levels are lower than 400 mg/dL.</p

Multiple regression results using very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) as the dependent variable in 5642 Korean adults aged 20 to 87 years with triglyceride concentrations < 400 mg/dL.

<p>Multiple regression results using very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) as the dependent variable in 5642 Korean adults aged 20 to 87 years with triglyceride concentrations < 400 mg/dL.</p

Overall discordance (underestimation vs. overestimation) in the NCEP-ATP III guideline classification by low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) estimate when triglycerides are lower than 400 mg/dL.

<p>LDL-C indicates low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C_F, Friedewald LDL-C; LDL-C₅, 5-cell method LDL-C; LDL-C₂₅, 25-cell method LDL-C; LDL-C₁₈₀, 180-cell method LDL-C (Martin et al. [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0148147#pone.0148147.ref009" target="_blank">9</a>])</p