Efekat uključivanja u hranljive smeše aditiva različitog porekla na rast, telesni sastav i otpornost mlađi crnog morskog grgeča (sebastes schlegeli)

U radu je tvrđen efekat uključivanja u hranljive smeše aditiva različitog porekla [đumbir (CG), fermentisana sojina pasta (CJ), borovnica (BB), japanska jabuka (PM), paradajz (TT), brokoli (BC) i jakon (YC)] na rast, telesni sastav i otpornost mlađi crnog morskog grgeča. Hiljadu šesto osamdeset riba je nasumično raspoređeno u 24 protočna tanka zapremine 200 L. Pripremljeno je osam oglednih smeša za ishranu: kontrolna bez dodataka (Con) i smeše sa dodatkom GG, CJ, BB, PM, TT, BC i YC. Svaka od smeša korišćena je u tri tanka, a ribe su 7 nedelja ručno hranjene do sitosti. Posle isteka ovog perioda, dvadeset riba iz svakog tanka inficirano je sa Streptococcus parauberis i praćeno narednih 10 dana. Prirast i specifična stopa rasta (SGR) bili su veći kod riba koje su u hrani dobijale jakon (YC) nego kod onih koje su hranjene drugim smešama. Kumulativni mortalitet do 5. dana posle infekcije bio je niži kod riba koje su hranjene smešama sa dodatkom GG, BB i YC nego kod ostalih jedinki. U zaključku, smeša sa dodatkom YC pokazala se kao najbolja u smislu poboljšanja prirasta i SGR kod crnog morskog grgeča. Osim toga, dodatak GG, BB i YC u smeše bio je najefikasniji u smanjivanju mortaliteta crnog morskog grgeča usled infekcije sa S. parauberi

Substitution Impact of Tuna By-Product Meal for Fish Meal in the Diets of Rockfish (<i>Sebastes schlegeli</i>) on Growth and Feed Availability

This experiment was performed to assess the substitution impact of fish meal (FM) with tuna by-product meal (TBM) in feeds on growth and feed availability of the early stage of juvenile rockfish (S. schlegeli). Six experimental feeds were prepared to be isonitrogenous and isolipidic. Fifty-five percent of FM was contained in the control (Con) diet. In the Con diet, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% FM were replaced by TBM, named the TBM20, TBM40, TBM60, TBM80, and TBM100 diets, respectively. A total of 540 early-stage juvenile rockfish averaging 2.4 g was divided into 18 tanks and hand-fed to satiation for 56 days. Weight gain and feed consumption of rockfish fed the TBM20 and TBM40 diets were comparable to rockfish fed the Con diet. The specific growth rate (SGR) of rockfish fed the Con diet was comparable to rockfish fed the TBM20, TBM40, and TBM60 diets. Feed efficiency, biometric indices, hematological parameters, proximate composition, and amino acid profiles of rockfish were not impacted by dietary treatments. The economic profit index (EPI) of the Con, TBM20, and TBM40 diets were higher than that of all other diets. FM up to 40% could be substitutable with TBM in the diets of rockfish without deteriorating weight gain and feed consumption, but producing the highest EPI

Effects of Dietary Inclusion of a Crude Protein Source Exhibiting the Strongest Attractiveness to Red Sea Bream (<i>Pagrus major</i>) on Growth, Feed Availability, and Economic Efficiency

Dietary incorporation of an attractive feed protein source is a practical method of enhancing feed intake and consequently improving the growth of fish. The attractiveness of 18 crude protein sources to juvenile red sea bream (Pagrus major) and the effects of the dietary inclusion of the crude protein source that exhibited the strongest attractiveness on growth, feed availability, and economic efficiency were determined. Jack mackerel meal (JMM) showed the strongest attractiveness to red sea bream among 18 crude protein ingredients. In an 8-week feeding trial, 810 juveniles were randomly distributed into 27 tanks (30 fish/tank). Nine experimental diets were prepared. The control (Con) diet included 60% fish meal (FM). Various levels (1, 3, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100%) of JMM were included at the expense of FM in the Con diet, and the resulting diets were named the JMM1, JMM3, JMM5, JMM10, JMM20, JMM40, JMM60, and JMM100 diets, respectively. Fish were hand-fed to apparent satiation twice daily for 8 weeks. The weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed consumption of red sea bream that were fed the JMM40, JMM60, and JMM100 diets were significantly (p 40, JMM60, and JMM100 diets was significantly (p < 0.0001) greater than that of the fish fed all other diets. In conclusion, the strongest attractiveness to red sea bream among 18 crude protein sources was observed in JMM. The inclusion of more than 40% JMM at the expense of FM in the diet of red sea bream is highly recommended for practical feed formulations to induce remarkable improvement in the growth performance of fish and the economic returns for farmers

Inclusion effect of jack mackerel meal as feed stimulants in diets replacing different levels of fish meal with various animal protein sources on growth performance of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

Incorporated feed stimulants into fish feeds is a very sustainable aquaculture technique, especially in developing low FM diet to improve feed consumption and growth performance. This study aims to evaluate inclusion effect of jack mackerel meal (JMM) as feed stimulants in diets replacing different levels of FM with various animal protein sources on the growth, feed utilization, biochemical composition, and non-specific immune response of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Two-way [3 substitution source; tuna by-product meal (TBM), chicken by-product meal (CBM), and meat meal (MM) × 2 substitution ratio; 25% and 50%] ANOVA experimental design was applied. Seven experimentally formulated diets were prepared. The control (Con) diet contained 60% FM. Twenty-five and 50% of FM in the Con diet were substituted with TBM, CBM, and MM when 12% JMM was included at the expense of FM, referred to as the TBM25, TBM50, CBM25, CBM50, MM25, and MM50 diets, respectively. All experimental diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous at 56.1% and isolipidic at 10.2%. Four hundred and twenty juvenile fish were randomly distributed into 21 flow-through tanks. Severn experimental diets were assigned to triplicate groups of fish. Both dietary substitution source and ratio had significant (P  0.05) difference in feed utilization, biochemical composition, and non-specific immune response of fish was observed among the experimental diets. Conclusively, TBM and CBM, and MM could be used as the proper substitutes for FM up to 50%, and 25%, respectively in olive flounder feeds with inclusion of JMM as feed stimulants

Dietary Replacement Effect of Fish Meal by Tuna By-Product Meal on Growth and Feed Availability of Red Sea Bream (<i>Pagrus major</i>)

The effect of substituting fish meal (FM) by tuna by-product meal (TBM) on growth and feed availability of red sea bream (Pagrus major) was investigated. Six experimental diets were crested to be isonitrogenous (51.5%) and isolipidic (14.5%). The control (Con) diet contained 55% FM. FM substitution in the Con diet was made in increments of 20 percentage points (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%), named as the TBM20, TBM40, TBM60, TBM80, and TBM100 diets, respectively. Juvenile red sea bream were stocked into 18, 300 L flow-through tanks (50 fish/tank). Red sea bream were hand-fed with each diet until satiation for 8 weeks. No statistical differences in weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), and feed consumption were found among red sea bream fed the Con, TBM20, and TBM40 diets. Furthermore, feed utilization of fish fed the TBM20, TBM40, TBM60, and TBM80 diets was comparable to red sea bream fed the Con diet. The biological indices, biochemical composition, and hematological parameters of fish were not statistically altered by dietary FM replacement with TBM. The greatest economic profit index was achieved in the TBM40 diet. In conclusion, the replacement of 40% FM with TBM in red sea bream diet appears to be the most recommendable approach without producing retarded growth and feed availability, but maximizing EPI to farmers

Evaluation of Meat Meal as a Replacer for Fish Meal in Diet on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, Chemical Composition, Hematology, and Innate Immune Responses of Olive Flounder (<i>Paralichthys olivaceus</i>)

This study aims to evaluate the dietary replacement effect of various levels of fish meal (FM) with meat meal (MM) on the growth, feed utilization, chemical composition, hematological parameters, and innate immune responses of olive flounder. A total of 360 juvenile fish (initial weight of 14.7 g) were randomly assigned to 18 flow-through containers. The control (MM0) diet included 65% FM. Then, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% FM in the MM0 diet were replaced with MM, referred to as the MM10, MM20, MM30, MM40, and MM50 diets, respectively. The fish were hand-fed to satiation daily for 56 days. Weight gain, the specific growth rate, the feed efficiency ratio, and the protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the MM0 diet were statistically greater than those of fish fed the MM30, MM40, and MM50 diets, but not statistically different from those of fish fed the MM10 and MM20 diets. To incite the maximum values of weight gain and the specific growth rate (SGR) of the fish, an estimated 7.0% of FM substitution with MM in diets was required according to regression analysis. However, the feed consumption, protein retention, hematological parameters, and innate immune (superoxide dismutase and lysozyme activities) responses of the fish were not statistically impacted by the dietary replacement levels of MM for FM. In conclusion, the feed ingredient grade of MM can substitute FM by up to 20% in the diet without causing any negative impact on the growth, feed consumption, feed utilization, or innate immune responses of olive flounder

Optimum level of lipid in granulated microdiets for rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) larvae

Lipid is one of the most important nutritional factors affecting growth and survival of larval fish. This study aims to determine optimum level of lipid in formulated microdiets for the 10-day old rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) larvae. Five granulated microdiets (CL11, CL14, CL17, CL20, and CL23) containing various (11%, 14%, 17%, 20%, and 23%, respectively) levels of lipid were prepared, and their lipid levels were controlled by adding fish oil at the expense of dextrin. The effects of feeding rockfish larvae with these formulated microdiets were compared with two commercial microdiets (Belgium and Japan), and local crumble diet. At the end of the 29-day feeding trial, weight gain (%) and total length (mm) of larval fish fed the CL20 diet were significantly (P  0.05) affected by the experimental diets. Crude lipid content of the whole-body fish was relatively well reflected from lipid levels of the experimental diets. In conclusion, the greatest weight gain and longest total length were obtained in larval fish fed the CL20 diet among the experimentally formulated microdiets. The optimum lipid level in the experimentally formulated microdiet was estimated to be 17.3% for rockfish larvae based on the broken-line analysis

Replacement Effect of Fish Meal by Plant Protein Sources in Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) Feeds with an Addition of Jack Mackerel Meal on Growth, Feed Availability, and Biochemical Composition

Application of feed stimulants is very helpful to increase the feed intake of fish, especially in the development of low fish meal (FM) diets. FM replacement effect by various plant protein sources (corn gluten meal (CGM), soy protein concentrate (SPC), and corn protein concentrate (CPC)) in diets with an addition of jack mackerel meal (JMM) as feed stimulants on growth, feed availability, and biochemical composition of olive flounder was elucidated. An experimental design of two-way (two replacement levels (25% and 50%) × 3 replacement sources (CGM, SPC, and CPC)) analysis of variance was adopted. Seven diets were formulated. Amount of 60% FM was contained in the control (Con) diet. In the Con diet, 25% and 50% FM were replaced by CGM, SPC, and CPC with an addition of 12% JMM as feed stimulants, referred to as the CGM25, CGM50, SPC25, SPC50, CPC25, and CPC50 diets, respectively. Four hundred and twenty juvenile fish were distributed into 21 flow-through tanks. All diets were assigned to triplicate groups of fish. Fish were hand-fed to satiation twice a day for 56 days. Both dietary replacement levels and sources had statistical effect on weight gain (P<0.0001 and P<0.045, respectively), specific growth rate (SGR) (P<0.0001 and P<0.033), and feed consumption (P<0.0001 and P<0.03) of fish. Dietary increased FM replacement levels lowered weight gain, SGR, and feed consumption of fish. Weight gain, SGR, and feed consumption of fish fed the Con and CGM25 diets were statistically (P<0.05) greater than those of fish fed the CGM50, SPC50, and CPC50 diets. Both replacement level and source had no statistical effect on feed utilization, biochemical composition except for statistical effect of replacement source on glycine content of fish, and lysozyme and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities of fish. FM up to 25% could be substituted with CGM, SPC, and CPC in the olive flounder feeds supplemented with 12% JMM as feed stimulants without compromising growth, feed utilization, and lysozyme and SOD activities

Inclusion effect of soybean meal, fermented soybean meal, and Saccharina japonica in extruded pellet for juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus, Reeve 1846)

Abstract Inclusion effect of soybean meal (SBM) and fermented SBM (FSM) in extruded pellet for juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus) was compared in abalone farm. Dietary inclusion effect of the combined macroalgae (MA) (Undaria pinnatifida and Hizikia fusiforme) and a single Saccharina japonica on abalone was also compared. Three thousand six hundred juvenile abalone were purchased from a private hatchery and acclimated to the experimental conditions for 2 weeks. Six 5-ton flow-through raceway tanks were used, and abalone were randomly distributed into tanks (n = 600 per tank). Three experimental diets were prepared in duplicate. Fish meal, FSM, corn gluten meal, and shrimp meal and wheat flour and dextrin were used as the protein and carbohydrate sources, respectively, in the FSM diet. MA was also included in the FSM diet. FSM and MA in the FSM diet were substituted with SBM at the expense of wheat flour and S. japonica, referred to as the SBM and SJ diets. The experimental diets were pelletized by an extruded pelleter. Water stability of nutrients in the experimental diets was monitored at 12, 24, and 48 h after seawater immersion. The experimental diets were fed to abalone once a day to satiation with a little leftover for 120 days. The retained crude protein and lipid and ash content of the extruded pellets were changed over all period of time. Weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) of abalone fed the SBM diet were greater than those of abalone fed the FSM and SJ diets. Weight gain and SGR of abalone fed the SJ diet were also greater than those of abalone fed the FSM diet. The longest shell length, widest shell width, highest shell height, and greatest soft body weight were obtained in abalone fed the SBM diet, followed by the SJ and FSM diets. Proximates of the soft body of abalone were not different among the experimental diets. In conclusion, SBM was a superior protein source to FSM in extruded pellet for growth performance of abalone. Dietary inclusion of a single S. japonica was superior to the combined inclusion of U. pinnatifida and H. fusiforme in the production of abalone