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Not AvailableA study on the effect of feeding of Nicobari fowl breeders with Andrographis panniculata (Kalmegh) and Morinda citrifolia (Noni) and its subsequent effect on TLR (Toll like receptors) expression in post-hatch chicks was carried out. Two hundred seventy breeding Nicobari fowls were assigned to each of three dietary treatments namely, T1: Control groups; T2: Kalmegh @ 3g per bird per day; T3: Noni @ 10ml per bird per day. Chicks were hatched out from experimental groups and at 15 days of age, spleen samples were collected from chicks through slaughter. Expression of TLR was quantified with Real-Time PCR (QPCR) and fold difference in expression of different TLRs was analysed. Supplementation Kalmegh significantly improved the expression levels of TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, by 5.4, 9.7 and 1.6 times, respectively as compared to control; while noni supplementation up regulated the expression levels of respective TLRs by 2.9, 5.0 and 0.48 times. We concluded that in vivo exposure to bioactive components present in herbal plants up regulated the expression of TLR4 and TLR5 in chicks that is responsive for their antiviral inducing property at gene level. Thereby kalmegh and noni might be promising alternatives for antibiotic growth promoters.Not Availabl

Dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of13; (1 x2013; x)[Pb0.91La0.09(Zr0.60Ti0.40)O3]x2013;x[Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3],13; 0 xA3; x xA3; 1

The dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric13; properties of ceramic materials of compositions13; (1 x2013; x)[Pb0.91La0.09(Zr0.60Ti0.40)O3]x2013;x[Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3],13; x = (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0) were studied. The above13; compositions were prepared by mixing the individual13; Pb0.91La0.09(Zr0.60Ti0.40)O3 (PLZT) and Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)13; O3 (PMN) powders in order to design materials with13; different combination of piezo and dielectric properties.13; The powders were calcined at 850 C for 4 h. The presence13; of various phases in the calcined powders was13; characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique.13; The compacts were prepared by uniaxial pressing and13; were sintered at 1250 C for 2 h. The sintered compacts13; were electroded, poled at 2 kV/mm dc voltage and their13; dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties13; were measured. In general, it was observed that the13; dielectric constant, loss factor and the slimness of the13; ferroelectric curves increase with the PMN content13; while the remnant polarization, saturation polarization,13; and the coercive fields were decreased. It is now possible13; to design materials with a wide combination of d33, K,13; and loss factor by varying PLZT and PMN ratio