A Nonlinear Dynamical Model to Study the Removal of Gaseous and Particulate Pollutants in a Rain System

An ecological type nonlinear mathematical model is proposed to study the removal of gaseous pollutants and two distinct particulate matters by precipitation scavenging in the atmosphere. The atmosphere during precipitation consists of five interacting phases namely the raindrops phase, the gaseous pollutants phase, the smaller particulate matters phase, the larger particulate matters phase and the absorbed phase of gaseous pollutants. We assume that gaseous pollutants are removed from the atmosphere by the processes of impaction as well as by absorption while particulate matters are assumed to be removed by impaction process. The model is analyzed using stability theory of nonlinear differential equations. It is shown that, under appropriate conditions, the pollutants can be removed from the atmosphere and their removal rates would depend mainly upon the rates of emission of pollutants, rate of rain drops formation and the rate of raindrops falling on the ground. If the rate of precipitation is very high, all the pollutants (gaseous as well as particulate matters) would be removed completely from the atmosphere. A numerical study is also performed to study the dynamics of the model system. The results are found to be in line with the experimental observations published in the literature

Effectiveness of seprafilm as Adhesion Barrier following Abdominopelvic Surgery: An Experimental study

INTRODUCTION: Post operative adhesions form one of the most common complication following abdominopelvic surgeries. the consequence of adhesion leads to lifelong morbidity and form major burden in surgeons operating for the second time. Few complications of adhesions include postoperative adhesive colic, bowel obstruction and female infertility Frequent readmissions leads to mobility of patients. Difficulty in resurgery on opening the abdomen for the second time comprises an important outcome of adhesions.Adhesiolysis stays atemporary mainstay treatment to remove adhesions as they tend to reccur following subsequent surgeries. There is need for thorough understanding of the formation adhesions, which is mainly due to reaction of the peritoneum with the intestinal loops which comes in contact with it, the complication of peritonitis, the pathology of bowel obstruction and the evolution of the adhesion barrier. RESEARCH PROPOSAL: a) AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: Effectiveness of Seprafilm as adhesion barrier among patients undergoing elective laparotomy. e) METHOD OF COLLECTION OF DATA: a. Patients under the study group will be subjected to placement of seprafilm. b. Contrast Enhanced Computerised Tomogram will be performed for all the patients (both study and control) during 20th post operative day DISCUSSION: Results In our study distribution of age is categorised into age<40,41-50 and 51-60.The Mean age in cases is 46.2 and in control group was 46.36.The p value is 0.963 which is not significant. Thus in our study age does not contribute in formation of adhesions for the placement of Sepra In this study male:female ratio in the study group is 11:19 and in the control group is 12:18.The p value is 0.946 which is not significant. Thus male and female have equal preponderance in formation of postoperative adhesions thus In this study 17 cases in the study group and 15 cases in the control group had previous history of surgery. There is no specific difference in the changes in adhesions in previous history of laparotomy done. favouring application of seprafilm in both sex 3 patients developed postoperative fever which settled before 3rd postoperative day.1 case developed wound infection which was managed conservatively. In the control group 9 cases developed fever which settled within 3rd post operative day.4 patients developed postoperative pain till 7th day which may attribute to formation of adhesions as all developed adhesions in the 20th day CT. CONCLUSION: Out of 30 patients only 4 patients developed mimimal adhesions as compared to 16 patients who developed adhesions in the control group as evident by the 20th 90 day CT. The pvalue 0.037 which is significant thus proving the effectiveness of seprafilm as an adhesion barrier in abdominopelvic surgery

Tides in the Mandovi and Zuari estuaries, Goa, west coast of India

Mandovi and Zuari are two estuaries located in Goa, west coast of India. Variation of water level in the estuaries was monitored for a month at 13 locations using tide-poles during March-April 2003. Analysis of this data has provided for the first time, characteristics of how tidal constituents vary in the narrow and shallow estuaries, typical of those found along the west coast of India. At a distance of 45 km from the mouth the tidal range increased in both estuaries by approximately 20%. The tidal range at the upstream end of the two channels at the stations dropped sharply because of the increase in elevation of the channels

A case report of heterotopic pregnancy

Heterotopic pregnancy is the presence of both intrauterine and extrauterine (ectopic) implantation as described by Reece in 1983 and is extremely rare. It accounts for 1 per 30000, in natural cycles and 9 per 10000, in assisted reproduction cycles. The aim of this report is to introduce this case as it poses a challenge to diagnosis due to its complex clinical and laboratory findings. A primigravida aged 30 at 6 weeks period of gestation, reported with minimal bleeding per vaginum. On performing a physical examination her vitals were stable and no significant findings were noted except for an enlarged uterus corresponding to 6 weeks with posterior forniceal fullness. Her beta-hCG was 23765 IU/ml and ultrasound showed a live intrauterine gestation with left adnexal mass- likely ectopic gestational sac. Laparoscopy showed a left tubal pregnancy and salpingectomy was done. The postoperative period was uneventful and she was discharged with a single live intrauterine gestation of 6-7 weeks. She carried on with her pregnancy and delivered a healthy baby at term. The diagnosis is possible only in cases when there is a high index of suspicion by the treating clinician. The adnexa must be inspected carefully in the confirmatory ultrasound. The early timely diagnosis gives a good maternal outcome and hence crucial in the management