An update on transurethral surgery for benign prostatic obstruction

Clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms and transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) has been the gold standard technique for surgical treatment of benign prostate obstruction (BPO) over the last 2 decades. Although monopolar TURP is considered a safe and effective option for surgical management of BPO, there are some disadvantages, namely bleeding, transurethral resection syndrome, incompleteness of treatment. This review aims to highlight these problems, and describe the advances in technology and techniques that have evolved to minimise such complications. With the advent of lasers and bipolar technology, as well as enucleative techniques to remove the prostatic adenoma/adenomata, the problems of bleeding, transurethral resection syndrome and incomplete treatment are significantly minimised. Monopolar TURP will likely be replaced by such technology and techniques in the near future such that transurethral surgery of the prostate remain a safe and effective option in alleviating the harmful effects of BPO. Keywords: Transurethral resection of prostate, Benign prostatic obstruction, Bleeding, Prostatectom

The Association between Leukocyte and Its Subtypes and Benign Breast Disease: The TCLSIH Cohort Study

Inflammation plays a crucial role in the formation of benign breast disease. Given the limited study to explore the association between leukocyte as an indicator of immune system and benign breast disease, we used data from a large cross-sectional study to investigate association between leukocyte and its subtypes and benign breast disease among women in the general population. The data were derived from baseline data of the Tianjin chronic low-grade systemic inflammation and health (TCLSIH) cohort study during 2014 and 2016. Breast thickness and nodules status were assessed by using ultrasonography. Leukocyte and its subtype counts were carried out using the automated hematology analyzer. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between leukocyte and its subtypes and prevalence of benign breast disease. In the present study, the prevalence of benign breast disease was 20.9%. After adjustments for potentially confounding factors, the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for benign breast disease across lymphocyte quintiles were as follows: 1.00 (reference), 0.99 (0.82, 1.2), 0.85 (0.69, 1.04), 0.84 (0.68, 1.02), and 0.75 (0.61, 0.92) (P for trend = 0.002). An inverse association between lymphocyte counts and benign breast disease was found, but leukocyte and other subtypes have nothing to do with benign breast disease. Further prospective studies are needed to determine the findings

Associations between honey consumption and prehypertension in adults aged 40 years and older

Background: Honey has been shown to have multiple positive effects on human health. However, data on the associations of honey consumption with prehypertension are scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate whether honey consumption is associated with prehypertension in a Chinese population. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 4,561 individuals aged ≥40 years. A validated 100-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess honey consumption. Blood pressure was measured at least twice by trained nurses. Multiple logistic regression models were used to explore the associations between honey consumption and prehypertension. Results: After adjustment for potential confounders, the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of prehypertension across increasing frequency of honey consumption were 1.00 (reference) for almost never, 1.17 (0.96, 1.41) for ≤6 times/week, and 1.25 (0.86, 1.84) for ≥7 times/week in men (P for trend = 0.09); 1.00 (reference) for almost never, 0.76 (0.62, 0.92) for ≤6 times/week, and 0.84 (0.63, 1.12) for ≥7 times/week in women (P for trend = 0.055), respectively. Conclusion: Our results showed that light-to-moderate intake of honey was associated with lower prevalence of prehypertension in women, but not men. Future studies are required to confirm these associations

Association between tooth loss and handgrip strength in a general adult population.

Tooth loss is a prevailing condition in China due to the high prevalence of oral diseases. Since previous studies explored the association between tooth loss and handgrip strength showed incongruous results, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between tooth loss and handgrip strength in Tianjin, China. Cross-sectional data in the present study used baseline data of Tianjin Chronic Low-grade Systemic Inflammation and Health (TCLSIH) Cohort Study during 2013-2016. Eligible adults (n = 26275) were classified into four groups depending on the number of missing teeth (excluding third molars): 0, 1-2, 3-5 and ≥6. Handgrip strength was measured using a handheld type dynamometer. Analysis of covariance was used to examine the relationships between tooth loss and handgrip strength and handgrip strength per body weight according to gender. After adjustment for potential confounders, the relationships existed between increasing categories of tooth loss and handgrip strength, as well as handgrip strength per weight. The data of stratified analysis showed that there was a trending association between decreased handgrip strength and fewer retained teeth both in males and females less than 60 years of age (P for trend <0.01); whereas no significant association 60 years of age or older. Moreover, loss of more than 3 teeth was significantly associated with reduced muscle strength (P <0.01). Tooth loss is independently associated with handgrip strength in Chinese adults less than 60 years of age

Soy Food Consumption Is Inversely Associated with Handgrip Strength: Results from the TCLSIH Cohort Study

Background: Soy foods contain high levels of soy protein or isoflavones, which can stimulate muscle protein synthesis and increase antioxidant capacity, and thus ameliorate muscle strength decline. However, data from epidemiological studies investigating the association of habitual soy food consumption with muscle strength decline among general Chinese adults are limited. Methods: This study included 29,525 participants (mean age: 41.6 years; 16,933 (53.8%) males). Soy food consumption was evaluated using a validated 100-item food frequency questionnaire. Handgrip strength (HGS) was assessed with a hand dynamometer. Analysis of covariance were performed to assess the multivariable-adjusted least square means (LSM) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for HGS. Results: The multiple adjusted LSM (95% CI) of HGS across soy food consumption were 35.5 (34.2, 37.1) kg for p for trend p for trend < 0.01). Conclusions: Higher habitual soy food consumption was positively associated with HGS in general Chinese adults. Consumption of soy foods may have beneficial effects on muscle health

Inflammatory potential of diet and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease : a prospective cohort study

Background/objectives: Diet is an important factor that can exacerbate or ameliorate chronic inflammation, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, no prospective study has yet investigated the relation between the inflammatory potential of diet and NAFLD. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the inflammatory potential of the diet and the risk of NAFLD. Subject/methods: The study included 12,877 participants aged over 18 years (mean [standard deviation]: 39.4 [11.5] years). Dietary intake was assessed at baseline through food frequency questionnaires. Using white blood cell count as the inflammatory marker, we newly created a dietary inflammatory potential score by reduced rank regression and stepwise linear regression. NAFLD was identified by abdominal ultrasound during yearly health checkups. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association between the dietary inflammatory potential score and the risk of NAFLD. Results: During a median follow-up period of 4.2 years, 2744 first incident cases of NAFLD occurred. After adjustment for potential confounders, the multivariable hazards ratios (95% confidence intervals) for NAFLD across increasing quartiles of the dietary inflammatory potential score were 1.00 (reference), 1.01 (0.90, 1.13), 1.15 (1.03, 1.29), and 1.26 (1.13, 1.41), with P for trend <0.0001. This positive association appeared greater in men than in women (P for interaction = 0.02). Conclusions: Our results indicate that a dietary pattern with high inflammatory potential is associated with a higher risk of NAFLD. Such findings provide the support that inflammation may be a potential mechanism linking diet to the risk of NAFLD

Relationship between dietary pattern and depressive symptoms: an international multicohort study

Abstract Background Several previous studies have shown that dietary patterns are associated with the incidence of depressive symptoms. However, the results have been inconsistent. This study aimed to prospectively investigate the association between dietary patterns and the risk of depressive symptoms in two large cohort studies. Methods The Tianjin Chronic Low-grade Systemic Inflammation and Health (TCLSIH) cohort study included a total of 7,094 participants living in Tianjin, China from 2013 to 2019, and the UK Biobank cohort study includes 96,810 participants who were recruited from 22 assessment centers across the UK taken between 2006 and 2010. All participants were free of a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and depressive symptoms at baseline. Dietary patterns at baseline were identified with factor analysis based on responses to a validated food frequency questionnaire in TCLSIH or Oxford WebQ in UK Biobank. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Chinese version of the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) in TCLSIH or hospital inpatient records in UK Biobank. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms. Results A total of 989, and 1,303 participants developed depressive symptoms during 17,410 and 709,931 person-years of follow-up. After adjusting for several potential confounders, the multivariable HRs (95% CIs) of the depressive symptoms were 0.71 (0.57, 0.88) for traditional Chinese dietary pattern, 1.29 (1.07, 1.55) for processed animal offal included animal food dietary pattern, and 1.22 (1.02, 1.46) for sugar rich dietary pattern in TCLSIH (all Q4 vs Q1). In the UK Biobank, the HRs (95% CIs) of depressive symptoms were 1.39 (1.16, 1.68) for processed food dietary pattern (Q4 vs Q1), 0.90 (0.77, 1.00) for healthy dietary pattern (Q3 vs Q1), and 0.89 (0.75, 1.05) for meat dietary pattern (Q4 vs Q1) in the final adjusted model. Conclusion Dietary patterns rich in processed foods were associated with a higher risk of depressive symptoms, and following a traditional Chinese dietary pattern or healthy dietary pattern was associated with a lower risk of depressive symptoms, whereas meat dietary pattern was not associated

Protein foods from animal sources and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in representative cohorts from North and South China

BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence suggests that animal protein foods may increase the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We therefore examined the NAFLD risk reduction related to substituting plant protein foods for animal protein foods.METHODS: The cohort in North China included 14,541 participants from the Tianjin Chronic Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation and Health (TCLSIH) study, and the cohort in South China included 1297 participants from the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study (GNHS). Dietary intake was assessed using validated food frequency questionnaires. NAFLD was ascertained by abdominal ultrasound. The Cox model was used to fit the substitution analysis.RESULTS: In the TCLSIH cohort, when replacing one type of animal protein food (eggs, processed meat, unprocessed red meat, poultry, and fish) with an equivalent serving of plant protein foods (nuts, legumes, and whole grains), the replacement of animal protein foods with whole grains showed the strongest benefit; substituting one serving per day of whole grains for an equal amount of eggs (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79, 1.00), processed meat (HR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.64, 0.91), unprocessed red meat (HR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.81, 1.00), poultry (HR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.92), or fish (HR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.78, 0.97) was associated with a lower risk of NAFLD. In both the TCLSIH and GNHS cohorts, replacing poultry with fish, nuts, legumes, or whole grains was associated with a lower risk of NAFLD. When different numbers of protein foods were simultaneously replaced, the risk reduction of NAFLD was stronger.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that replacing animal protein foods with plant protein foods is related to a significant reduction in NAFLD risk