Stock prices and bank lending behavior in Japan

Stock - Prices - Japan ; Japan ; Bank loans ; Banks and banking - Japan

Money, interest rates and economic activity: stylized facts for Japan

This paper examines how financial market changes affect the usefulness of two alternatve indicators of monetary policy in Japan, a monetary aggregate and an interest rate. The paper tests whether these variables are good predictors of output, and whether responses to shocks to these variables broadly conform to the implications of the monetary transmission model, over two periods between 1960 and 1992. In the earlier period when Japan's financial markets were less developed, a monetary aggregate (M2+CDs) is a relatively useful indicator of monetary policy whereas an interest rate variable is not. In particular, we find some evidence of a "liquidity effect" in response to innovations in money. Neither variable is an entirely satisfactory indicator of monetary policy in the second sample. The results suggest that financial market development may have contributed to reducing the usefulness of money as an indicator of monetary policy.Monetary policy - Japan ; Japan

Sluggish money growth: Japan's recent experience

Money supply - Japan ; Monetary policy - Japan ; Japan ; Banks and banking - Japan

Permutation invariant lattices

We say that a Euclidean lattice in Rn is permutation invariant if its automorphism group has non-trivial intersection with the symmetric group Sn, i.e., if the lattice is closed under the action of some non-identity elements of Sn. Given a fixed element T E Sn, we study properties of the set of all lattices closed under the action of T: we call such lattices T-invariant. These lattices naturally generalize cyclic lattices introduced by Micciancio in [7,8], which we previously studied in [1]. Continuing our investigation, we discuss some basic properties of permutation invariant lattices, in particular proving that the subset of well-rounded latices in the set of all T-invariant lattices in Rn has positive co-dimension (and hence comprises zero proportion) for all T different from an n-cycle

A feedback simulation procedure for real-time control of urban drainage systems

This paper presents a feedback simulation procedure for the real-time control (RTC) of urban drainage systems (UDS) with the aim of providing accurate state evolutions to the RTC optimizer as well as illustrating the optimization performance in a virtual reality. Model predictive control (MPC) has been implemented to generate optimal solutions for the multiple objectives of UDS using a simplified conceptual model. A high-fidelity simulator InfoWorks ICM is used to carry on the simulation based on a high level detailed model of a UDS. Communication between optimizer and simulator is realized in a feedback manner, from which both the state dynamics and the optimal solutions have been implemented through realistic demonstrations. In order to validate the proposed procedure, a real pilot based on Badalona UDS has been applied as the case study.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Fuel inefficiency characterisation and assessment due to early execution of top of descents. A Case Study for Amsterdam-Schiphol Terminal Airspace using ADS-B data

The vertical trajectory plan (altitude and speed) corresponding to the descent phase of a modern airliner is computed by the on-board flight management system while the aircraft is still in cruise. As long as the constraints on the arrival procedure allow, this system plans for an idle descent and the exact location of the (optimal) top of descent (TOD) is determined in this process. In busy terminal airspace, however, air traffic control officers – motivated by the needs to maintain a safe and expeditious flow of aircraft – might require to start the descents before the TOD computed by each particular arriving aircraft. In such situations, most flight guidance systems aim to intercept the original altitude plan from below, by using a shallower descent angle while keeping the speed plan, requiring in this way, additional thrust. This leads, consequently, to higher fuel consumption figures. The objective of this paper is threefold. Firstly, it characterises and quantifies these fuel inefficiencies for an Airbus A320, using accurate aircraft performance data and a trajectory computation software from the manufacturer. Secondly, it proposes a methodology to automatically identify early descents and to extract the key parameters required to compute the fuel inefficiencies by only observing ADS-B (automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast) data. Finally, the method is applied to a case study with 4,139 real ADS-B trajectories in Amsterdam-Schiphol (The Netherlands) terminal airspace; showing that early descents are very frequent and that they increase the fuel consumption by a 5%, in average.Postprint (author's final draft

Targeting metabolism with arsenic trioxide and dichloroacetate in breast cancer cells

Background: Cancer cells have a different metabolic profile compared to normal cells. The Warburg effect (increased aerobic glycolysis) and glutaminolysis (increased mitochondrial activity from glutamine catabolism) are well known hallmarks of cancer an

Catalyst-free photooxidation of triarylphosphines under aerobic conditions

AbstractA new method for the photooxidation of triarylphosphines into the corresponding oxides is developed. In this new protocol, neither a catalyst nor an additive is required. The greenest oxidant, oxygen in air atmosphere, is used. After a short period of photo irradiation at rt, stoichiometric amounts of the oxides can be easily afforded by simply recycling the solvent under vacuum. No waste is formed in the whole process of this reaction. The substrate scope of this reaction is broad, showing very good application prospects in both organic chemistry and industrial processes

Mitochondrial Metabolism in Major Neurological Diseases

Mitochondria are bilayer sub-cellular organelles that are an integral part of normal cellular physiology. They are responsible for producing the majority of a cell’s ATP, thus supplying energy for a variety of key cellular processes, especially in the brain. Although energy production is a key aspect of mitochondrial metabolism, its role extends far beyond energy production to cell signaling and epigenetic regulation–functions that contribute to cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, and autophagy. Recent research on neurological disorders suggest a major metabolic component in disease pathophysiology, and mitochondria have been shown to be in the center of metabolic dysregulation and possibly disease manifestation. This review will discuss the basic functions of mitochondria and how alterations in mitochondrial activity lead to neurological disease progression