Blastoid Variant of Mantle Cell Lymphoma-a Rare Case Report

Abstract Mantle cell lymphoma is now recognised as a rare but distinct entity in the revised WHO classification. It is now well recognised that MCL represent a broad spectrum of different histopathological subtypes. The term blastic or blastoid variant is generally used to describe cases with a homogeneous population of cells displaying lymphoblastic morphology. The blastic form of MCL may be difficult to diagnose however immunophenotyping and molecular analysis show typical mantle cell lymphoma pattern. We present a case of 30 year old male presenting with inguinal mass which was diagnosed as blastic transformation of mantle cell lymphoma based on routine histopathology and immunohistochemistry

A study of cytohistological correlation of equivocal or atypical proliferative breast lesions at a tertiary care institution of North India

Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology is the mostly the first diagnostic test used for the diagnosis of breast masses. But there is morphological overlap among the sequential lesions from the precancerous group to frank carcinoma known as “grey zone”. This grey zone in cytology is estimated to constitute 8.9% of cases.Methods: Smears were prepared from the fine needle aspirates and stained with Leishman/Giemsa. Trucut biopsy, mastectomy or MRM specimens of patients diagnosed as having on cytology benign with atypia (C3) /suspicious of malignancy (C4) were subjected to histopathological evaluation and cytohistopathogical correlation was done in these cases.Results: 75% of patients who belonged to category C3 had benign lesions, whereas about 90% of those in category C4 had malignant diagnosis. This difference was statistically significant.Conclusions: Combination of the mammography and cytology along with the clinical findings (the "triple test") allows for proper management for each patient, determining which patient should undergo surgery and which patient needs close follow-up, hence avoiding an unnecessary surgery. And the patients in cytology category C4 must have the diagnosis confirmed by histological examination

CAM5.2 Expression in Metastatic Tumours of CNS: A Diagnostic Tool

Introduction: Secondary tumours or metastases account for more than half of all brain tumours in adults. Central nervous system is most commonly a target of metastatic dissemination. The judicious use of  selected immunostains is unquestionably helpful in diagnostically challenging cases. CAM 5.2 being highly specific, is emerging as a specific marker to diagnose metastatic carcinoma.Presentation of case: Total six metastatic tumours were studied using CAM5.2. Histopathological sections of brain tissue were stained by routine hematoxylin and eosin (HE) as per standard technique. Representative sections were subjected to immunohistochemical staining with CAM 5.2. Skin biopsy act as a positive control for cytokeratin.All of the 6 cases showed positivity for CAM 5.2. CAM5.2 expression in metastatic tumours was statistically significant (sensitivity 100% 100% specificity).Conclusion: We conclude in our study that CAM5.2 was significantly associated with metastatic tumours, as they were positive using this specific marker

Hyalinizing trabecular tumor of the thyroid gland

Hyalinizing trabecular tumor (HTT) is an unusual and controversial lesion of the thyroid gland. Some have considered it a unique entity, some have considered it a variant of papillary carcinoma, and still others have considered it a nonspecific pattern that may be seen with a variety of thyroid lesions. The histological and ultrastructural characteristics of this thyroid neoplasm are well documented; however, its cytological diagnosis by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) remains challenging. The cytomorphological features of this entity overlap with both papillary and medullary carcinoma to a varying extent. We report a case of HTT with cytological evaluation by FNAC in a 28-year-old male

Cytomorphological spectrum of subcutaneous and intramuscular cysticercosis: A study of 22 cases

<b>Background:</b> Cysticercosis is more common than usually thought. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) plays an important role in prompt recognition of this disease. <b>Aims:</b> To study the role of FNAC in the diagnosis of cysticercosis. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Twenty-two patients with subcutaneous and intramuscular nodules, who were clinically diagnosed as tuberculous lymphadenitis, reactive lymphadenitis, lipoma, neurofibroma and cysticercosis were included in the present study. <b>Results:</b> In nine cases, a definitive diagnosis of cysticercosis was obtained in the form of fragments of parasite bladder wall and, biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. In the rest 13 cases, larval fragments could not be identified on the aspirates and the diagnosis of parasitic inflammation was suggested on the basis of other cytomorphological findings. Follow-up biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of cysticercosis. <b>Conclusions:</b> FNAC in cysticercosis is a low-cost outpatient procedure. The cytological diagnosis is quite straightforward in cases where the actual parasite structure is identified in the smears. However, in other cases, presence of eosinophils, histiocytes which may be in palisaded clusters or not, a typical granular dirty background, etc., are the features which should always alert the pathologist to this possibility

Large splenic epithelial cyst – A rare entity presenting as hydatid cyst

Splenic cysts are rare lesions and only a few cases have been reported in the literature. Among splenic cysts epithelial cysts are still rarer. Symptoms can be due to enlargement, rupture, infection or hemorrhage. We report a case of a 35-year old woman who presented with left hypochondrial pain. Ultrasound and CT revealed cystic swelling arising from spleen. Cyst with spleen was removed and sent for histopathological examination which confirmed the diagnosis and ruled out the clinical diagnosis of hydatid cyst. Keywords: Cyst, Epithelial, Spleni

Molluscum contagiosum of nipple

Molluscum contagiosum is a virus-induced dermatologic condition causing characteristic pearly lesions on the surface of skin. The lesion is common in children. In adults, it is usually a sexually transmitted disease. Molluscum contagiosum may be found anywhere on the body, although it rarely occurs on the palms and soles. Dermatosis of nipple due to molluscum contagiosum is rare. If it occurs, it is accompanied by lesions in other sites. Isolated involvement of nipple by the virus is unusual and has been reported only once in previous literature to the best of our knowledge. Here, we report this unusual case of isolated molluscum contagiosum of nipple in 30-year-old female

Subcutaneous leiomyosarcoma of scrotum presenting as an exophytic mass: An unusual presentation

Paratesticular leiomyosarcoma originates from testicular tunica (48%), spermatic cord (48%), epididymis (2%) and dartos muscle, as well as subcutaneous tissue of the scrotum (2%). Leiomyosarcomas of the scrotum, not involving the testis, epididymis or spermatic cord, are rare, and belong to the group of subcutaneous superficial leiomyosarcomas. To the knowledge of the authors, less than 10 cases of leiomyosarcoma of the scrotum have so far been reported from India. The tumor usually presents as a painless, slow-growing scrotal mass in middle-aged or elderly men. The current approach is wide local excision, often with adjuvant therapy. The prognosis is usually good following complete excision, though a local recurrence rate of 40% has been reported. Long term follow-up is, therefore, necessary to monitor for recurrence. Herein we present the case of 35-year-old male who presented with an exophytic scrotal mass. Histopathological and immunohistochemical findings of the mass were consistent with leiomyosarcoma

Significance of p53 and ki-67 expression in prostate cancer

Background: Prostate cancer is a major health problem throughout the developed world. Tumor grade is one of the most important prognostic factors of prostate cancer. At present, adequate prognostic markers for prostate cancer progression are still lacking, in spite of intensive investigation. Accordingly, we studied the role of immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of p53 and Ki-67 as a prognostic factor in carcinoma prostate and correlated their expression with Gleason's grade. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, a total of 60 cases including 50 cases of prostate carcinoma and 10 of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were taken. Tumor grade was determined according to Gleason's grading system. p53 and Ki-67 expressions were determined by IHC staining. The obtained results were analyzed and evaluated using Spearman's statistical test (SPSS version 20). Results: In BPH, p53 was expressed in only 2 of 10 (20%) cases while in carcinoma it was expressed in 38 of 50 (76%) cases. Ki-67 was expressed in only 1 of 10 (10%) BPH cases while in carcinoma it was expressed in 32 of 50 (64%) cases. In present study, 1 of 4 (25%) well differentiated, 23 of 31 (74.19%) moderately differentiated and 14 of 15 (93.33%) poorly differentiated tumors revealed p53 immunopositivity and a statistically significant correlation was observed between p53 expression and increased Gleason's grade (P = 0.038). All 4 (100%) cases of well-differentiated carcinoma were negative for Ki-67 expression. Nineteen of 31 (61.29%) moderately differentiated and 13 of 15 (86.66%) poorly differentiated tumors were positive for Ki-67 and a statistically significant correlation was observed between Ki-67 positivity and increased Gleason's grade (P = 0.002). Conclusions: Both p53 and Ki-67 were significantly up-regulated in malignant lesions as compared to benign lesions and a strong relationship with the Gleason's grading was noticed, therefore, we propose that these markers can be applied along with other prostate cancer prognostic factors

Hyalinizing trabecular tumor of the thyroid gland

Hyalinizing trabecular tumor (HTT) is an unusual and controversial lesion of the thyroid gland. Some have considered it a unique entity, some have considered it a variant of papillary carcinoma, and still others have considered it a nonspecific pattern that may be seen with a variety of thyroid lesions. The histological and ultrastructural characteristics of this thyroid neoplasm are well documented; however, its cytological diagnosis by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) remains challenging. The cytomorphological features of this entity overlap with both papillary and medullary carcinoma to a varying extent. We report a case of HTT with cytological evaluation by FNAC in a 28-year-old male