The choice between arm's-length and relationship debt: evidence from e-loans

Using a unique sample of comparable online and in-person loan transactions, we study the determinants of arm's-length and inside lending focusing on the differential information content across debt types. We find that soft private information primarily underlies relationship lending whereas hard public information drives arm's-length debt. The bank's relative reliance on public or private information in lending decisions then determines trade-offs between the availability and pricing of credit across loan types. Consistent with economic theory, relationship debt leads to informational capture and higher interest rates but is more readily available whereas the opposite holds true for transactional debt. In their choice of loan type, lender switching, and default behavior firms, however, anticipate the inside bank's strategic use of information and act accordingly.Loans ; Debt management

The reaction of consumer spending and debt to tax rebates – evidence from consumer credit data

We use a new panel dataset of credit card accounts to analyze how consumer responded to the 2001 Federal income tax rebates. We estimate the monthly response of credit card payments, spending, and debt, exploiting the unique, randomized timing of the rebate disbursement. We find that, on average, consumers initially saved some of the rebate, by increasing their credit card payments and thereby paying down debt. But soon afterwards their spending increased, counter to the canonical Permanent-Income model. Spending rose most for consumers who were initially most likely to be liquidity constrained, whereas debt declined most (so saving rose most) for unconstrained consumers. More generally, the results suggest that there can be important dynamics in consumers’ response to “lumpy” increases in income like tax rebates, working in part through balance sheet (liquidity) mechanisms

Does it pay to read your junk mail? evidence of the effect of advertising on home equity credit choices

We examine the effect of direct mail (commonly referred to as junk mail) advertising on individual financial decisions by studying consumer choice of home equity debt contracts. Consistent with the theoretical predictions, we find that financial variables underlying the relative pricing of debt contracts are the leading factors explaining consumers home equity debt choice. Furthermore, we also find that the intended use of debt proceeds significantly impacts consumer choice. However, when we study a subset of consumers who received a direct mail solicitation for a particular debt contract (fixed versus adjustable-rate), we find evidence that the relative pricing variables are less relevant in explaining consumer contract choice, even though they were presented with a full menu of debt contracts. Thus, our results are consistent with the persuasive view of advertising.Home equity loans ; Advertising

Perverse incentives at the banks? Evidence from a natural experiment

Incentive provision is a central question in modern economic theory. During the run up to the financial crisis, many banks attempted to encourage loan underwriting by giving out incentive packages to loan officers. Using a unique data set on small business loan officer compensation from a major commercial bank, we test the model’s predictions that incentive compensation increases loan origination, but may induce the loan officers to book more risky loans. We find that the incentive package amounts to a 47% increase in loan approval rate, and a 24% increase in default rate. Overall, we find that the bank loses money by switching to incentive pay. We further test the effects of incentive pay on other loan characteristics using a multivariate difference-in-difference analysis.Incentive awards

Comparing the prime and subprime mortgage markets

Against the backdrop of news reports on high mortgage delinquency rates, this article examines recent trends in mortgage lending and compares the prime and subprime markets in particular.Mortgages

Regulating Crypto-Currencies

Powerball fever recently struck the nation. An estimated $1.5 billion jackpot had everyone talking. Hoping. Dreaming. With a single Powerball ticket cost at$2, one can imagine saving each and every dollar in order to purchase a ticket at a chance to win the big prize. What was new this time around? Individuals were able to purchase Powerball tickets with bitcoin. JackPocket, a mobile lottery ticket application, “integrated bitcoin payments into its offering…allow[ing] users to buy Powerball tickets.” JackPocket CEO Peter Sullivan believed that this move would “attract more affluent and tech-savvy consumers to buy more lottery tickets.” This post was originally published on the Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal website on April 26, 2016. The original post can be accessed via the Archived Link button above

Homebuilders, Affiliated Financing Arms, and the Mortgage Crisis

The authors’ findings indicate that homebuilder financing affiliates do make loans to observably riskier borrowers, but the loans made by homebuilders have lower delinquency rates than those made by unaffiliated lenders, even when loan and borrower characteristics are held constant

Why aren't banks lending more? the role of commercial real estate

Since August 2007, the U.S. and global financial markets have endured the worst crisis since the Great Depression, accompanied by a deep economic recession. At the height of the crisis, whole segments of financial markets froze and market participants hesitated to engage in transactions with even the most creditworthy counterparties.Bank loans ; Commercial loans ; Mortgage loans