タキサン耐性を獲得した食道扁平上皮癌細胞のABCB1高発現は遺伝子増幅とエピジェネティクスにより制御される

要約のみTohoku University堀井　明課

BIOMARKER POTENTIAL OF IQ-DOMAIN GTPASE-ACTIVATING PROTEINS FAMILY PROTEIN IN PANCREATIC CANCER: A MINI REVIEW

Objectives: Our present study was done to understand molecular regulatory mechanisms of IQGAP proteins and their potentials as biomarker in pancreatic cancer.Methods: In this review, relevant studies were obtained by assessing the PubMed database using the combination of words that included IQGAP†and pancreatic cancerâ€.Results: There is an increasing evidence showing that the expression of IQGAP1 and IQGAP3 is positively correlated with tumorigenesis; however, IQGAP2 might play a role to suppress tumor progression.Conclusion: IQGAP proteins might have potentials as predictive and prognostic biomarker for human pancreatic cancer

IN SILICO STUDY OF MIRNA-REGULATED IQ MOTIF-CONTAINING GTPASE-ACTIVATING PROTEIN FAMILY IN LIVER CANCER

Objective: The aim of this paper is to identify the list of microRNA (miRNA) which can regulate the aberrant expression of IQGAP in liver cancer formation. The aberrant expression of IQ motif-containing GTPase-activating protein (IQGAP) family which consists of IQGAP1, IQGAP2, and IQGAP3 has been linked to carcinogenesis in human cancers. The reciprocal expression of IQGAP family in human cancer has been studied to act as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. A growing number of studies suggest that upregulated or downregulated expression of IQGAP family triggers cancer development.Methods: A correlation study was performed to construct a pathway to inhibit or activate IQGAP family between miRNAs and IQGAPs. A pre-processing step was conducted to download, filter and process the dataset from TCGA. It yields miRNA and IQGAP gene expression matrix. Then, correlation computation was computed using MATLAB. Moreover, this study linked the results to the MiRTarBase to validate the prediction result with the wet lab experimental result.Results: This study identified significantly inversely correlation in 51 miRNAs-IQGAP1, 169 miRNAs-IQGAP2, and 33 miRNAs-IQGAP3, respectively, which may potentially play a role in a liver cancer formation. Some of the results also can be found in miRTarBase. It supports the precision of those miRNA and IQGAP interaction between dry lab and wet lab study. IQGAP1 and IQGAP2 mostly has been identified as an oncogene in cancer but IQGAP2 has been discovered as tumor suppressor gene. The list of miRNA in the result of this study can become a potential therapy to target the aberrant expression of IQGAP family.Conclusion: miRNA function is known as an oncogene or tumor suppressor gene in cancer development. Therefore, it can be one of the important molecular biology which may target the aberrant expression of IQGAP in liver cancer

Characteristics of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Hospitalized Children Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Thailand

Objectives This study compared the epidemiological and clinical manifestations of patients hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic at a tertiary care hospital in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Methods This retrospective observational study utilized data from all cases of laboratory-confirmed RSV infection at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital from January 2016 to December 2021. Differences in the clinical presentation of RSV infection before (2016 to 2019) and during (2020 to 2021) the COVID-19 pandemic were analyzed and compared. Results In total, 358 patients hospitalized with RSV infections were reported from January 2016 to December 2021. During the COVID-19 pandemic, only 74 cases of hospitalized RSV infection were reported. Compared to pre-pandemic levels, the clinical presentations of RSV infection showed statistically significant decreases in fever on admission (p=0.004), productive cough (p=0.004), sputum (p=0.003), nausea (p=0.03), cyanosis (p=0.004), pallor (p<0.001), diarrhea (p<0.001), and chest pain (p<0.001). Furthermore, vigilant measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19, including lockdowns, also interrupted the RSV season in Thailand from 2020 to 2021. Conclusions The incidence of RSV infection was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, which also changed the clinical presentation and seasonal pattern of RSV infection in children

Correlation between HPV Vaccination and Cervical Cancer Incidence in Southeast Asian Population

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease of genital tract that may cause cervical cancer, the second most frequent type of cancer in South East Asia. By far, HPV vaccination is widely used for risk reduction; however, the rate of developing cervical cancer post-vaccination is still not well-studied. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between HPV vaccination and development of cervical cancer in Southeast Asia. Analysis of data on HPV vaccination in Southeast Asia was performed, based on literature from 2010 to 2016 accessible in PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. Vaccination coverage rates and changes in cervical cancer incidence in particular countries were subjected to comparative analysis using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The statistical analysis showed HPV vaccination coverage and cervical cancer incidence has negative correlation but not significant (r=-0.04, p>0.05). This might due to HPV vaccination introduction is still at early stage (<10 years of implementation). In addition, 5 out of 9 countries are running the vaccination program as pilot project rather than nationwide program. Other factors may also influence the incidence of cervical cancer such as: genetics and lifestyle factor, socioeconomic status as well as having many children. Nevertheless, follow up study is needed to assess effect of HPV vaccination introduction and coverage to cervical cancer incidences in Southeast Asian countries.The author would acknowledge Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences (i3L) for funding the registration payment and support

Exploring alternative cytokines as potential biomarkers for latent tuberculosis infection in pregnant women.

BackgroundInterferon gamma release assays (IGRAs) are widely used to determine latent tuberculosis infection status. However, its pregnancy-affected performance and cost-expensive nature warrants for different alternatives for pregnant women. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic performance of several alternative cytokines, including interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 10 (IL-10), and interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) to identify latent tuberculosis status in pregnant women.Materials and methods123 pregnant womens were recruited for this study. The IGRA status was determined by using QuantiFERON Gold In-Tube. Meanwhile, we measured the level IL-2, IL-10, and IP-10 by using sandwich-microELISA method. We performed normality and comparison test by SPSS. In addition, receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) analyses and the optimal cutoff scores were identified using the EasyROC webtool.ResultsWe showed that IL-2, IL-10, and IP-10 were able to discriminate between IGRA-negative and IGRA-positive pregnant women. Moreover, IP-10 showed the highest discriminatory and diagnostic performance when compared to IL-2 and IL-10 with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.96 and cutoff point of 649.65 pg/mL.ConclusionsOur study showed that IP-10 can be considered as a promising alternative biomarker for IGRAs to diagnose LTBI in pregnant women