Accelerating RE deployment in ASEAN: gender mainstreaming efforts.

Six key strategies to accelerate Renewable Energy (RE) deployment in ASEAN related to gender are (1) inclusion of gender aspects on the upcoming ASEAN RE Long-Term Roadmap, (2) initiating discussion among ASEAN Member States, ASEAN Secretariat and ASEAN Centre for Energy to kick-start this initiate, (3) setting up RE and gender policy development toolkit, (4) approaching the key institutions to support this initiative, (5) identifying ministries and departments that can be part of this initiative, (6) identifying existing national academic institutions that offer energy and/or RE-related programmes. Weaving women's potential into ASEAN’s renewable market creates positive snowball effects in promoting gender equity, bolstering RE investments and accelerating climate mitigation efforts. Gender mainstreaming efforts in renewable energy shall comprise four phases: 1) raising awareness and database improvement, 2) gender integration in policy design, 3) monitoring and evaluation framework, and 4) policy implementation and oversight

How Indonesia can achieve both a COVID-19 recovery and its climate targets.

In May 2021, the International Energy Agency (IEA) (2021) released its flagship report on how to reach net-zero by 2050, concluding that fossil fuel consumption should have peaked by 2020 and start declining as of 2030. It also shows that meeting the 2050 target will require that there be new fossil fuel extraction. The COVID-19 recovery budget presents a unique opportunity to shift public funds and expenditures to meet Indonesia's target of 23% of its energy mix coming from clean and renewable sources while aligning economic recovery with ambitious climate and net-zero targets. COVID-19 created a worldwide economic disruption, and many countries are developing support and recovery packages to help counterbalance the socio-economic effects of the crisis. Being the incoming G20 presidency, Indonesia's vision is to focus on global recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, as part of other key issues (Iyabu, 2021). Indonesia has a responsibility to lead the agenda diplomatically and walk the talk domestically, bringing climate change mitigation and adaptation as part of the COVID-19 recovery. Rapid action is needed, and COVID-19 recovery packages present a unique opportunity to align economic and social recovery with climate action that no country should miss

The importance of women participation in ensuring justice in energy transition in ASEAN and G7.

Many countries have increased their climate ambitions, including net-zero by 2060. Gender equality is essential for just energy transition (JET). United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 5 and 7 promote both gender equality and access to sustainable energy for all. Women's participation in JET is crucial, yet they are underrepresented in the energy industry. This paper aims to analyse the aspect of justice in the energy transition from the perspectives of women in ASEAN and G7 countries, attempting to answer the question of how far women in ASEAN have participated in the energy transition (from leadership roles to end-users) compared to women in G7 economies. We use case studies (with cross-analysis of ASEAN and G7 countries) to explore women's experiences as both workers in the energy sector and as energy consumers. Most of the literature on women's issues in the energy sector is related to energy poverty and energy access, so this paper will contribute to the literature by examining women as workers and consumers. The study involved content analysis with intensive literature reviews. We also adopted the three tenets of justice by Jenkins et al. (2016) and analysed the collected data using this framework. This paper finds that despite having more women in leadership roles in the renewable energy sector, G7 is almost at the same level as ASEAN in terms of the effort to improving women's participation with the aim of accelerating and ensuring a just energy transition

Accelerating the economic recovery in Indonesia post Covid-19: justice in the energy transition.

Indonesia is known as the largest economy in South East Asia and as one of the emerging lower-middle-income countries. Before the pandemic Covid-19, Indonesia forecasted its GDP growth to increase to 5.5% in 2020. However, this never happened following the pandemic it decreased to 2.97% in the first quarter of 2020. This paper focuses on the renewable energy role in accelerating the economic recovery in Indonesia by emphasising the role of justice in the transition process. We conduct systematic reviews from different sources, both primary and secondary resources. We qualitatively analyse the energy regulation and energy road map in Indonesia as well as some academic research articles. Indonesia has developed its general energy plan related to the energy mix demand and supply, which includes a long-term plan on developing renewable energy sources and reducing the use of fossil fuels. As the fourth most populated country in the world, Indonesia still focusses on cheap energy supply and energy access to fulfil the energy demand. Therefore the transition process in Indonesia is considered slow compared to the OECD countries. There is a significant role of energy in economic growth, both energy consumption and energy resources. Until now, fossil fuels have dominated the Indonesian energy supply and demand. This paper highlights the role of renewable energy in the economic development of the country. This paper suggests that the pandemic has highlighted the energy transition movement in Indonesia. The Covid-19 has driven more research on the role of renewable energy project to the economic development and demonstrate that a transition to a low-carbon economy could contribute to the economic recovery in a justice way in many sectors. Renewable energy development contributes directly to human resources development, and this development also contribute to health sector improvement. Finally, this renewable energy development could accelerate the economic recovery in Indonesia and reach 5.2 to 5.6% in 2021

Indonesias Energy Support Measures: An inventory of incentives impacting the energy transition

Energy incentives and support measures can help Indonesia influence energy production and consumption in a way that meets its climate and energy targets. As the country has committed to reaching net-zero emissions by 2060, this inventory report of energy support measures in Indonesia explores whether the current fiscal policies are aligned with this goal. The first of its kind, the inventory identifies and quantifies support measures available for various energy types--including coal, oil and gas, renewable energy, biofuels, and electric vehicles--between 2016 and 2020

Just transition in biofuel development towards low-carbon economy: multi-actor perspectives on policies and practices in Indonesia.

Justice and sustainability are the foundation of fair and equitable biofuel development. Policies and practices are consequently necessary to support a just transition towards a low-carbon economy. Therefore, this study aimed to understand multi-actor perspectives on policies and practices relevant to the just transition in biofuel development. Applying a socio-legal approach based on the JUST framework, this study focused on the Indonesian biofuel industry, which is primarily driven by crude palm oil (CPO) production. This study also added comparative perspectives from Thailand's biofuel industry. The primary data were gathered from in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs), while the secondary data were from research, policy, and other government archives. Based on the results, oil palm plantations in Indonesia and Thailand are crucial for macroeconomic development. However, smallholder farmers in Indonesia, especially independent ones that do not join farmer groups, remain marginalised by the current regulations. In fact, many benefits from biofuel practices and policies accumulate disproportionately towards large corporations, while marginalised groups bear the costs. The Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) certification that should induce market accessibility and competitiveness has not fully reached most rural farmers. Furthermore, various overlapping regulations and perplexing data differences exist from multiple ministries and administrative levels. Thus, palm oil stakeholders in Indonesia demand a dedicated institution for integrated regulation and monitoring of the industry, similar to the National Palm Oil Policy Committee in Thailand. The myriad of legal, political, socio-economic, and justice issues thus necessitates all hands on deck to ensure a just transition for all stakeholders of the Indonesian biofuel industry

How different electricity pricing systems affect the energy trilemma: assessing Indonesia's electricity market transition.

Indonesia's current energy policy, which relies on cheap fossil fuels and focuses on two out of the three horns of the energy trilemma, namely, energy security and energy equity, may impede its efforts to higher shares of renewable energy sources. This paper develops three generic models that allow policymakers to analyze the impact of introducing a wholesale electricity market managed under either a nodal, a zonal, or a uniform pricing system on the three horns of the energy trilemma. It evaluates the models using a simplified network representation of the Indonesian electricity sector. The results indicate that under the model assumptions made, and given the used input parameters as well as the used metrics for the three horns of the energy trilemma, a uniform pricing system might help Indonesia to balance its energy trilemma

Mapping India's energy subsidies 2021: time for renewed support to clean energy.

Government support is more important than ever for the energy transition in the wake of COVID-19, as governments around the world take unprecedented measures to help stimulate economic recovery. Shifting government support from fossil to clean energy can ensure that every rupee of public money helps access, affordability, energy security and the shift to a low-carbon economy. This report examines how the Government of India has used subsidies to support different types of energy from FY 2014 until FY 2020, and draws on qualitative data to describe major shifts since the onset of COVID-19. In light of the government commitments to Aatmanirbhar Bharat ("self-reliant India"), it also includes two special thematic chapters. The first explores how subsidy policy can best promote solar photovoltaic (PV) manufacturing as part of the road to 450 GW of renewable energy by 2030. The second examines how investments by public sector undertakings (PSUs) - that is, enterprises where the government is the majority owner - are supporting clean energy. Our data, summarized in Figure ES1, cover all subsidies from production to consumption for coal, oil and gas, electricity transmission and distribution (T&D), renewable energy, and electric vehicles (EVs). Nuclear and hydropower are not included due to a lack of adequate data availability. The underlying data are available online and have been made easier to explore with an accompanying data portal