Head and Neck Lymphomas: Tip of the Iceberg?

ABSTRACT Background: Lymphomas comprise around 5% of all head and neck neoplasms and is the second most common extra nodal non hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). However there is sporadic data on this entity from the subcontinent and hence we undertook this study. Methodology: This retrospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care oncology center in India on diagnosed cases of NHL between January 2007 and December 2013. All patients were diagnosed based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Staging work up was done in all patients. Patients were considered as primary Head and Neck lymphomas if there was head and neck as the predominant site with or without regional lymph node involvement. Results: A total of 39 patients were studied. The age at presentation ranged from 29 to 78 years. The most common site of presentation was oral cavity (26%; n=10), followed by parotid and thyroid (18% each; n=7), eye (12%, n=5), maxilla (8%; n=3), paranasal sinuses (8%; n-=3) cheek (8%, n=3), and nasal cavity (2%, n=1). 41% (n=16) cases were in stage I, 43% (n=17) in stage II, 3% (n=1) in stage III, and 13% (n=5) were in stage IV. Most common histology was DLBCL (71%; n=28), followed by plasmablastic (10%; n=4), marginal zone (8%, n=3), mantle cell (3%; n=1), follicular lymphomas (5%; n=2), and NK/T cell lymphoma (3%; n=1). Most of the patients were of low risk (67%; n=26), followed by intermediate (23%; n=9), and high risk (10%; n=4). Patients were treated with anthracycline based chemotherapy +/-radiotherapy. In this study, stage I and stage II patients had a better prognosis and overall survival, median OS 28 months and 11 months, respectively. In stage III and IV, it was 7 and 3 months, respectively. According to site, the best median overall survival was seen with parotid (27 m), paranasal sinus (26m), and oral cavity (23 m), followed by thyroid (18 m) nasal cavity (17 m), maxilla (11 m), eye (8 m), and cheek (7 m)

A New OFDM System Based on Discrete Cosine Harmonic Wavelet Transform (DCHWT) for PSK and QAM

This paper proposes a new orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system, based on discrete cosine harmonic wavelet (DCHWT) for PSK and 16-QAM modulated signals. This system uses energy compaction property of discrete cosine transform (DCT) that provides low leakage in subcarriers. DCHWT based OFDM system provides improved performance in terms of bit error rate (BER) and reduction in the peak to average power ratio (PAPR) compared to conventional cyclic prefix (CP) based Fourier transform OFDM (DFT-OFDM). Application of μ-law companding to proposed system further improves the PAPR performance. The complementary cumulative distribution (CCDF) plots corroborate the same. BER performance is on par or better than that of Haar wavelet based OFDM in addition to improvement in PAPR. PAPR improved is in the range of 0.8–2.3 dB compared to Haar and DFT OFDM respectively, with remarkable improvement in BER. Proposed method is simple, does not require explicit decimation, interpolation, associated filtering and delay compensation for reconstruction, compared to other time domain wavelet transforms

Analytic discrete cosine harmonic wavelet transform based OFDM system

An OFDM based on Analytic Discrete Cosine Harmonic Wavelet Transform (ADCHWT_OFDM) has been proposed in this paper. Analytic DCHWT has been realized by applying DCHWT to the original signal and to its Hilbert transform. ADCHWT has been found to be computationally efficient and very effective in improving Bit Error Rate (BER) and Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) performance. Improvement compared to that of Haar-WT OFDM and DFT OFDM is achieved without employing Cyclic Prefix BER is 0.002 for ADCHWT OFDM compared to Haar WT, DFT OFDM which have BER of 0.06 and 0.4, respectively, at 15 dB SNR. PAPR is also reduced by 3 dB compared to DFT OFDM and 0.3 dB reduction compared to Haar WT OFDM

Cervical Thymic Cysts Masquerading as Thyroid Cysts

Two interesting cases of cervical thymic cyst are reported highlighting the importance of this entity which can be missed preoperatively . Thymic cysts are of two types-unilocular and multilocular. They differ in both macroscopic as well as microscopic findings. Histopathology helps to identify these cysts

Arachnoid Cyst: A Solitary Intracranial Cyst in the Occipital Lobe of the Cerebrum in a Cadaver

Cyst is a closed sac, having distinct envelop; they may be filled with air, fluid, semi-solid material etc. Often cyst is a self-limiting and uneventful condition; they may get resolve with some time duration. If they fail to self-limit by themselves, depending on its size and location it needs timely surgical intervention. A cerebral cyst is a lesion with fluid filled sac in the brain. It may be benign, or malignant. This may be filled with blood, pus, Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF), etc. Intracranial arachnoid cysts are congenital lesions of an arachnoid membrane which accounts for 1% of cases of intracranial space occupying lesions. Clinically, a brain cyst may remain silent, often it is an accidental finding on radiological investigations which are correlated in the patients with a history of vague neurological complaints. Often, headaches are a chronic complaint presented with underlying causative factors ranging from psychological stress to severe neurological deficits. The primary brain cyst that exists congenitally by birth will have no definite causality; a secondary brain cyst may exist with diversified aetiological factors including trauma. Elucidation of chronic symptoms dominated with migraine-like headache is very much essential; despite showing a good relief with a palliative treatment it will warrant clinicians to rule out cerebral cystic lesions. Such accidental findings during the dissections set as a natural cadaveric illustration, which build curiosity, and motivation among preclinical student learning from the point of integration of basic subjects. One such case of the cerebral cyst was found during the dissection in the Department of Anatomy, JSS Medical College, Mysuru, Karnataka, India. The present case is of a 70-year-old male cadaver diagnosed with the arachnoid cerebral cyst along with other varieties of cystic brain swellings

Evaluation of Vitamin D in Breast Cancer in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Introduction: Vitamin D has been implicated to play a very important role in different types of cancers due to its pleotropic effects such as cell proliferation, cell differentiation, apoptosis etc. The implications of vitamin D deficiency are more evident in breast, prostate and colorectal cancer. Studies have revealed vitamin D supplementation reduces the risk of Breast cancer. Aim: The main objective of our study was to find out whether low serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels was associated with breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Study group included 25 diagnosed cases of breast cancer. Equal number of age and sex matched healthy persons were included in the control group. Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D was estimated by electrochemiluminiscence immunoassay. Results: Mean vitamin D levels were low in breast cancer patients, when compared to controls (p-value < 0.05),which shows that low vitamin D levels are associated with increased risk of breast cancer. Conclusion: Our study showed that low levels of vitamin D are associated with breast cancer when compared to apparently healthy controls. Estimation of serum vitamin D in patients with breast cancer might help in the early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer

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Not AvailableThe experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with nine treatments and three replication. The seed treatment with Rhizobium and application of 125 per cent RDF has recorded maximum germination percentage (92.67 %), plant height (102.57 cm), number of branches (22.91) and number of nodes (33.81). Early flowering (43.33), number of pods per plant (111.34), weight of pods per plant (109.41 g), number of seeds per pod (9.14), weight of seeds per pod (0.42 g), fresh and dry weight of herb and root (103.61 g, 27.90 g, 25.20 g and 6.30 g) and seed yield (24.56 q ha-1) was observed maximum with seed treatment of Rhizobium and application of 125 per cent RDF. The maximum net returns of Rs. 1,75,107 and B: C ratio of 1: 2.48 was recorded with seed treatment of Rhizobium and application of 125 per cent RDF.Not Availabl

Data acquisition and processing at ocean bottom for a Tsunami warning system

The design and development of a Bottom Pressure Recorder for a Tsunami Early Warning System is described here. The special requirements that it should satisfy for the specific application of deployment at ocean bed and pressure monitoring of the water column above are dealt with. A high-resolution data digitization and low circuit power consumption are typical ones. The implementation details of the data sensing and acquisition part to meet these are also brought out. The data processing part typically encompasses a Tsunami detection algorithm that should detect an event of significance in the background of a variety of periodic and aperiodic noise signals. Such an algorithm and its simulation are presented. Further, the results of sea trials carried out on the system off the Chennai coast are presented. The high quality and fidelity of the data prove that the system design is robust despite its low cost and with suitable augmentations, is ready for a full-fledged deployment at ocean bed. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved