Tolerance Reassessment Eligibility Decision for Urea Sulfate June 2005Tolerance Reassessment Eligibility Decision

The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) was amended in 1988 to accelerate the reregistration of products with active ingredients registered prior to November 1, 1984. The amended Act called for the development and submission of data to support the reregistration of an active ingredient, as well as a review of all submitted data by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (referred to as EPA or the Agency) to assess the current tolerances. Reregistration involves a thorough review of the scientific database underlying a pesticide’s registration. The purpose of the Agency’s review is to reassess the potential hazards arising from the currently registered uses of the pesticide; to determine the need for additional data on health and environmental effects; and, to determine whether or not the pesticide meets the “no unreasonable adverse effects ” criteria of FIFRA. On August 3, 1996, the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) was signed into law. FQPA amends FIFRA to require tolerance reassessment during reregistration. In addition, FQPA requires that all active ingredients first registered after 1984 would also be reevaluated to reassess their current tolerances, by 2006. FQPA also amends the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) to require a safety finding in tolerance reassessment based on factors including an assessment of cumulative effects of chemicals with a common mechanism of toxicity

Original Article Collagen Synthesis in Tenocytes, Ligament Cells and Chondrocytes Exposed to a Combination of Glucosamine

Clinical testing of the nutraceuticals glucosamine (glcN) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) has shown efficacy in providing relief from symptoms in osteoarthritic patients. In vitro and in vivo studies support existence of a synergistic relationship upregulating synthetic activity in chondrocytes. A combination of glcN and CS may also be useful as adjunct therapy in sports-related injuries if similar upregulation of collagen synthesis is elicited in accessory ligament and tendon joint tissue. Collagen and noncollagenous protein (NCP) synthesis in cultures of bovine tenocytes, ligament cells and chondrocytes exposed to glcN þ CS were assayed by uptake of radiolabeled proline into collagenase-sensitive material. Assay of radiolabel in hydroxyproline (a specific marker for collagen synthesis) following HPLC isolation confirmed the specificity of the metabolic effect. Synthesis of total collagenasesensitive material was maximally upregulated at physiologically obtainable doses of glcN þ CS. Tissue response followed the sequence ligament cells (þ69%)> chondrocytes (þ56%)> tenocytes (þ22%). Labeled hydroxyproline increased by 132 % in ligament cells, 27 % in tenocytes and 49 % in epitendon cells after a 48 h exposure to 5 mg ml 1 glcN þ 4 mg ml 1 CS. Low dose combinations of glcN and CS effectively stimulate in vitro collagen and NCP synthesis by ligament cells, tenocytes and chondrocytes. Hence, therapeutic use following accessory joint tissue trauma may help augment repair processes

SVN or MDI

A = Authorized to administer the agent AL = Authorization to administer the agent is limited to use in a successfully intubated patient HF = Only authorized as a topical antidote for possible exposure to hydrofluoric acid E = Only authorized to administer or assist in patient self-administration of the agent in the case of an emergency involving a neurological toxin which is confirmed or suspected by an EMT, except as provided in R9-25-507 M = Authorized to monitor IV administration of the agent during interfacility transport, if the IV was started at the sending health care institution PA = Authorized to assist in patient self-administration of the agent TA = Transport agent for an EMT with the specified certification IFIP = Agent shall be administered by infusion pump on interfacility transports IP = Agent shall be administered by infusion pum

Suggested

The molecular weight is 406.05. It is a yellow microcrystalline powder with a faint smell of saffron, burning taste, slightly hygroscopic. It is highly soluble in water, even cold. Slightly soluble in ethanol and glycerol, insoluble in ether. The 2% aqueous solution has a pH of 3.2. How Made: The compounds known as quinolines and isoquinolines have been the subject of extensive investigation since their extraction from coal tar in the nineteenth century. They are considered a heterocylic aromatic compound, with a double ring structure similar to a benzene ring; derived from napthalene with a trivalent nitrogen atom substituted for a carbon atom on one of the rings. Substitution of a hydroxyl group on position 8 of the aromatic nucleus of quinoline converts it to oxyquinoline(also called 8-quinolinol) and confers phenolic properties (Lipnicki, 2001b). Quinoline can be extracted from coal tar distillated by caustic extraction and then by distillation of the oil to produce a methylnapthalene fraction. This is then washed with dilute sulfuric acid to produce sulfate salts. The mixture of compounds attained can then be further separated using forms of chromatography. ∗ OMRI’s information is enclosed in square brackets in Italics. Where a reviewer corrected a technical point (e.g., the word should be “intravenous ” rather than “subcutaneous”), these corrections were made in this document and are not listed here in the Reviewer Comments. The rest of the TAP Reviewer’s comments are edited for any identifying comments, redundant statements, and typographica

between Mouse Adenovirus Type 1 and Cell Interaction

of human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) derived vectors for cancer gene therapy has been limited by the poor cell Application expression, on some tumor cell types, of the primary Ad5 receptor, the coxsackie-adenovirus-receptor (CAR), as well surface the accumulation of Ad5 in the liver following interaction with blood coagulation factor X (FX) and subsequent tethering as the FX-Ad5 complex to heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) on liver cells. As an alternative vector, mouse adenovirus of 1 (MAV-1) is particularly attractive, since this non-human adenovirus displays pronounced endothelial cell tropism and type not use CAR as a cellular attachment receptor. We here demonstrate that MAV-1 uses cell surface heparan sulfate does (HSPGs) as primary cellular attachment receptor. Direct binding of MAV-1 to heparan sulfate-coated plates proteoglycans to be markedly more efficient compared to that of Ad5. Experiments with modified heparins revealed that th

Seed SpecialistsPublished for: American Society of

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Review

Summary Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are widely distributed in mammalian tissues and involved in a number of processes related to malignancy. They are composed of a core protein to which chains of the glycosaminoglycan, heparan sulfate (HS), are attached. The existence of various classes of core protein, in addition to highly polymorphic HS chains, creates a superfamily of macromolecules with considerable diversity of structure and function. HSPGs interact with many proteins including growth factors, chemokines and structural proteins of the extracellular matrix to influence cell growth, differentiation, and the cellular response to the environment. The recent identification of two inherited syndromes that are associated with an increased cancer risk, and caused by mutations in HSPG-related genes, has intensified interest in these molecules. This review describes our current understanding of HSPGs in cancer and highlights ne

Phylogenetic Analysis Reveals Multiple Lateral Transfers of Adenosine-5�-Phosphosulfate Reductase Genes among

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Glycosaminoglycan Synthesis by Brefeldin A

Abstract. Brefeldin A has dramatic, well-documented, effects on the structural and functional organization of the Golgi complex. We have examined the effects of brefeldin A (BFA) on the Golgi-localized synthesis and addition of chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan carbohydrate side chains. BFA caused a dose-dependent inhibition of chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan elongation and sulfation onto the core proteins of the melanoma-associated proteoglycan and the major histocompatibility complex class II-associated invariant chain. In the presence of BFA, the melanoma proteoglycan core protein was retained in the ER but still acquired complex, sialylated, N-linked oligosaccharides, as measured by digestion with endoglycosidase H and neuraminidase. The initiation of glycosaminoglycan syn

Related literature For related literature, see: Janczak & Perpétuo (2001a,b);

R factor = 0.031; wR factor = 0.089; data-to-parameter ratio = 13.2. In the title compound, C3H8N6 2+ SO4 2, the melaminium cations and sulfate anions are interconnected by N—H N and N—H O hydrogen bonds, forming a layer in the (101) plane. The layers are connected through multiple hydrogen bonds and – stacking interactions (centroid–centroid distance of about 3.4 A ˚)