DISASTER CONTROL PRACTICES BY LIBRARIANS FOR ENHANCED PRESERVATION OF INFORMATION RESOURCES IN ACADEMIC LIBRARIES IN BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA

The objective of the study is to determine the types of disaster control practices by librarians in academic libraries in Bauchi state, Nigeria. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for this study. The study covers academic libraries in Bauchi state, Nigeria. Questionnaires were used to elicit data from the respondents. The population of the study comprises 70 librarians in the academic libraries covered in the area of study. The researchers employed the total enumeration sampling technique which involves studying the entire respondents. 70 copies of the questionnaires were distributed to the respondents; 65 copies of the Questionnaire were retrieved representing 93% response rate. The data collected from the respondents were analysed using simple percentage and frequency count. The study revealed that the types of disasters prevalent in academic libraries in Bauchi state, Nigeria are; fire outbreak, wind storm, book mutilation, theft of library materials, negligence of library staff, kidnapping, terrorism, biological agents and leaking roofs. The study also revealed that most libraries under study, indicated that there is no any established disaster control practices. The only available facilities for disaster control are fire extinguishers, smoke alarms, sand filled buckets, CCTV cameras, emergency exit door and fire alarms. The study recommended that university libraries should have a proper surveillance and adequate security personnel in place to reduce theft and book mutilation of library information resources. Academic libraries in Bauchi state, should establish a disaster control plan in their libraries to safeguard any occurrences that may damage library resources and loss of lives and properties

Investigating the Effect of Varying Tubing Air Concentration during the Descaling of Petroleum Production Tubing using Multiple High-Pressure Nozzles

Despite the continued research effort on erosion behaviour of multiple flat fan nozzles in removing different types of scale deposits from petroleum production tubing, effect of chamber air concentration and nozzles configuration is yet to be given detail consideration. This study, therefore, considers the utilization of multiple high-pressure sprays at different chamber air concentration to enhance the rate of scale removal from petroleum production tubing. Additionally, options of altering chamber air/water ratio and header configurations for more effective scale removal were explored. So also, the relationship of nozzle header arrangement towards the removal of paraffin of different stages of deposition in petroleum production tubing have been studied. Consequently, theselection of chamber air concentration and header configuration (nozzles arrangement) for effective scale removal was found to be governed by the shape and type of the scale deposit. More so, the descaling capacity increases with decrease in number of nozzlesdue to pressure drop effect irrespective of the type or shape of the scale deposit. This novel descaling experiment of utilising 10 MPa injection pressure from 25 mm jetting position averagely removes hollow paraffin deposits that ranges from 44 to 280 g and 34 to 89g of solid shaped paraffin as a result of altering nozzles configuration. Correspondingly, an average removal difference ranging from 48 to 270 g of hollow shaped and 35 to 218 g of solid shaped paraffin depositwas recorded as a result of compressing the chamber pressure by 0.2 MPa and subsequently suctioning it by -0.008 MPa respectively

Characteristics of COVID-19 cases and factors associated with their mortality in Katsina State, Nigeria, April-July 2020

Introduction: COVID-19 was first detected in Daura, Katsina State, Nigeria on 4 April 2020. We characterized the cases and outlined factors associated with mortality. Methods: We analysed the COVID-19 data downloaded from Surveillance Outbreak Response, Management and Analysis System between 4 April and 31 July 2020. We defined a case as any person with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test within that period. We described the cases in time, person, and place; calculated the crude and adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for factors associated with mortality. Results: We analysed 744 confirmed cases (median age 35, range 1-90), 73% males and 24 deaths (Case fatality rate 3.2%, Attack rate 8.5/100,000). The outbreak affected 31 districts, started in week 14, peaked in week 26, and is ongoing. Highest proportion of cases in the age groups were 26.7% (184) in 30-39, 21.7% (153) in 20-29 years, and 18.3% (129) in 40-49 years. While the highest case fatality rates in the age groups were 35.7% in 70-79, 33.3% in 80-89 years, and 19.4% in 60-69 years. Factors associated with death were cough (AOR: 9.88, 95% CI: 1.29-75.79), age ≥60 years (AOR: 18.42, 95% CI: 7.48-45.38), and male sex (AOR: 4.4, 95% CI: 0.98-20.12). Conclusion: Male contacts below 40 years carried the burden of COVID-19. Also, persons 60 years and above, with cough have an increased risk of dying from COVID-19. Risk communication should advocate for use of preventive measures, protection of persons 60 years and above, and consideration of cough as a red-flag sign

Investigating the Impact of Non-Hydrodynamically Connected Descaling Parameters in the Removal of Different Stages of Paraffin Deposits Using Multiple Nozzles in Petroleum Production Tubing

Despite the continued research efforts in understanding the erosional behaviors of multiple flat fan nozzles in the removal of different types of scale deposits from petroleum production tubing. The non-hydrodynamically connected descaling parameters such as stand-off distance, nozzle arrangement and chamber pressure have not been duly considered up to date. This research utilizes 3-flat fan high-pressure nozzles at a high injection pressure of 10 MPa to remove paraffin deposits at different growth stages from petroleum production tubing to evaluate the effects of the descaling parameters on scale removal. A stand-off distance of 25 mm, 50 mm and 75 mm; nozzle arrangement in novel orientations (triangle, diagonal & right-angle) involving 7-nozzles header and chamber pressures (in compression – 0.2 MPa and vacuum -8.0 x10-3 MPa) were utilized as the varying non-hydrodynamically connected parameters. Generally, the selection of both nozzle arrangement and chamber air concentration was found to be governed by the type and shape of the deposit in question while the scale removal capability was found to be reduced with an increase in stand-off distance due to poor jet contact. An average hollow shaped paraffin removal of 276 g, 259 g and 226 g were recorded at ambient condition across the respective stand-off distance of the three respective nozzles arrangements. While the introduction of 0.2 MPa compressed air significantly increased the respective removal of the early stage paraffin deposition to 342 g, 299 g and 277 g respectively. Also, more hollow shaped removal improvement of 366 g, 320 g and 288 g were achieved after suctioning the chamber by -0.008 MPa, while simultaneously pumping water at 10 MPa. The case of solid shaped paraffin signifying complete tubing blockage was not effective at ambient condition, with average paraffin removal of 99 g, 126 g and 112 g respectively. However, the introduction of compressed chamber air registered the best solid paraffin removal results of 235 g, 286 g and 256 g respectively. Whereas the suction operation recorded an average removal of 229 g, 270 g and 250 g of paraffin across the respective jet positions and nozzle configurations. This result provides a practical approach to the removal of organic scales deposits at varying descaling conditions of injection pressure, standoff distance and nozzle arrangement

Scar endometriosis as a complication of surgically treated utero‑cutaneous fistula

Extra‑pelvic endometriosis is a rare form of endometriosis, however cesarean section scar is a common site for the rare condition. Scar  endometriosis can be associated with obstetric or gynecologic surgeries. Utero‑cutaneous fistula is an abnormal communication between the endometrium and the skin, this is another rare clinical condition that may complicate cesarean section. We report a case of a 23‑year‑old woman presenting with features suggestive of scar endometriosis about 20 months after surgical treatment of utero‑cutaneous fistula. The utero‑cutaneous fistula developed 2 months after cesarean section. This case is presented to highlight scar endometriosis as a complication of surgical management of utero‑cutaneous fistula and emphasize the importance of complete surgical excision in the management of both rare conditions. Key words: Cesarean section; scar endometriosis; surgical treatment; utero‑cutaneous fistula

Analysis of Market Structure and Conduct of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera, L.) in Jigawa State, Nigeria

Analysis of market structure and conduct of date palm was conducted in Jigawa state, Nigeria using multi stage sampling technique which led to the random selection of 121 respondents. All the traders were male, mostly married and within the mean age of 39 years. Majority (42.6%) of the wholesalers had no formal education, with 12–21 years of marketing experience, while 43.3% of the retailers had only attended primary school with 2–11 years marketing experience. High inequality was observed at wholesale (0.75 & 0.78) and retail (079 &0.75) levels. Pest infestation, increased transportation cost and inadequate capital were the major constraints observed. Development of improved varieties that are pests and diseases resistant, provision of appropriate storage, processing, credit and market facilities by all stakeholders, increased local production to boost marketable surpluses to offset demand and ensure all year-round supply of the product and reduced importation were recommended. Keywords: Market, Structure, Conduct, Date Palm, Jigawa State, Nigeria. DOI: 10.7176/JMCR/79-03 Publication date:May 31st 202

Physical Activity Profile of Medical Practitioners: A Preliminary Cross-sectional Study in Kano, Northwest Nigeria

Background: Insufficient physical activity (PA) is a recognized risk factor for noncommunicable diseases. Evaluating health‑care workers’PA is crucial because PA impacts their health, and they are important health promotion agents. Hence, this study assessed the PA profileof medical practitioners in Kano, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a cross‑sectional study involving 178 medical practitioners selected from attendees of a 1‑day  continuing‑medical‑education lecture, using a modified physical activity assessment tool. It assessed the moderate‑ and vigorous‑intensity PAs performed, PAs’ sufficiency, their plan and confidence of increasing PA, and factors associated with performing sufficient PA. Chi‑square test and logistic regression analysis were employed in determining the association between variables and sufficient PA and predictors of sufficient PA, respectively. Results: Respondents’ mean age was 37.5 ± 9.5 years; they were predominantly males (133, 74.7%). They spent a median (interquartile range [IQR]) of 65.0 (22.5–165.0) minutes per week on moderate‑intensity activities and median metabolic equivalent‑minutes/week (IQR) of 400.0 (120.0–1140.0). Most respondents (119, 66.8%) had engaged in PA in the past 5–6 months or intended to become more physically active in the next six months. Most (155, 87.1%) had some level of confidence in increasing their PA levels. The association between respondents’ sociodemographic variables and sufficient PA was statistically insignificant.However, engagement in moderate‑intensity housework (odds ratio [OR] = 2.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.15–4.96, P = 0.02) andaerobic exercises (OR = 11.57, 95% CI = 1.29–103.63, P = 0.03) increased the odds of attaining sufficient PA. Conclusion: Sufficient PA prevalence among respondents was low. Engagement in moderate‑intensity housework and aerobic exercises were predictors of sufficient PA. Most respondents were motivated to become physically active in the future. Appropriate interventions are required to improve their PA levels. Keywords: Aerobics, housework, medical practitioners, physical activity, physical activity assessment too

Awareness and Willingness to Pay for Community Based Health Insurance Scheme in North-Western Nigeria

There is a need for the communities to develop their health financing system, most especially those that were not covered by the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS). This will give the people an opportunity to finance their medical care which in turn would alleviate financial burden at the point of treatment. Therefore, this study is aimed to determine the level of awareness for Community Based Health Insurance Scheme (CBHIS) among communities and to measure the degree of willingness to pay for the scheme in Katsina, North-Western Nigeria. Semi structured interviewer-assisted questionnaires were used to collect information from the respondents. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 20.0. The results indicates that majority of the respondents attained tertiary level of education (68.3%) and 81.1% were employed. About 74.2% were earning more than the Nigerian minimum wage N18, 000 (≈$59). About 52.2$3.3-$16.4). There was strong significant relationship between monthly income and knowledge of CBHIS (p = < 0.0001). However, gender and educational level were not significantly associated with the knowledge of CBHIS. Awareness about CBHIS was not sufficiently adequate but a significant number of the respondents were willing to pay for CBHIS after learning about the scheme. Factors such as level of education and income levels were found to have positive effect on willingness to pay. Keywords: Willingness to pay; Awareness; Community Based Health insurance; Healthcare financing; Household head 1 USD ≡ 305.70 NGN ($1 ≡ N 305.70

Solubility trapping as a potential secondary mechanism for CO2 sequestration during enhanced gas recovery by CO2 injection in conventional natural gas reservoirs : an experimental approach

This study aims to experimentally investigate the potential of solubility trapping mechanism in increasing CO2 storage during EGR by CO2 injection and sequestration in conventional natural gas reservoirs. A laboratory core flooding process was carried out to simulate EGR on a sandstone core at 0, 5, 10 wt% NaCl formation water salinity at 1300 psig, 50 °C and 0.3 ml/min injection rate. The results show that CO2 storage capacity was improved significantly when solubility trapping was considered. Lower connate water salinities (0 and 5 wt%) showed higher CO2 solubility from IFT measurements. With 10% connate water salinity, the highest accumulation of the CO2 in the reservoir was realised with about 63% of the total CO2 injected stored; an indication of improved storage capacity. Therefore, solubility trapping can potentially increase the CO2 storage capacity of the gas reservoir by serving as a secondary trapping mechanism in addition to the primary structural and stratigraphic trapping and improving CH4 recovery

Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-Adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017 : A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study

Importance: Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data. Objective: To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning. Evidence Review: We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-Adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence. Findings: In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for men were TBL cancer (1.3 million deaths and 28.4 million DALYs), liver cancer (572000 deaths and 15.2 million DALYs), and stomach cancer (542000 deaths and 12.2 million DALYs). For women in 2017, the most common incident cancers were NMSC (3.3 million incident cases), breast cancer (1.9 million incident cases), and colorectal cancer (819000 incident cases). The leading causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for women were breast cancer (601000 deaths and 17.4 million DALYs), TBL cancer (596000 deaths and 12.6 million DALYs), and colorectal cancer (414000 deaths and 8.3 million DALYs). Conclusions and Relevance: The national epidemiological profiles of cancer burden in the GBD study show large heterogeneities, which are a reflection of different exposures to risk factors, economic settings, lifestyles, and access to care and screening. The GBD study can be used by policy makers and other stakeholders to develop and improve national and local cancer control in order to achieve the global targets and improve equity in cancer care. © 2019 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe