Primjena oksidoreduktaza iz gljiva roda Trametes spp. u biotehnologiji – obilje katalitičkog djelovanja

Those oxidoreductases that are part of the ligninolytic complex of basidiomycete and ascomycete fungi have played an increasingly important role in biotechnological applications during the last decade. The stability of these extracellular enzymes, their good solubility, and a multitude of catalyzed reactions contribute to this trend. This review focuses on a single genus of white-rot basidiomycetes, Trametes, to highlight the numerous possibilities for the application of this microorganism as well as three of its enzymes: laccase, cellobiose dehydrogenase, and pyranose 2-oxidase. Whereas laccase is without doubt a major player in biotechnology, the two other enzymes are less well known, but represent emerging biocatalysts with potential. Both cellobiose dehydrogenase and pyranose 2-oxidase are presumed to participate in lignin breakdown and will be used to exemplify the potential of less prominent oxidoreductases from this genus.Posljednjih deset godina oksidoreduktaze koje sudjeluju u procesu razgradnje lignina gljiva stapčara i mješinarki imaju sve važniju ulogu u biotehnološkoj primjeni. Tomu trendu je pridonijela stabilnost tih ekstracelularnih enzima, njihova dobra topljivost i mogućnost primjene u raznim katalitičkim procesima. U ovom je revijalnom prikazu osobito opisana jedna vrsta gljive stapčare koja uzrokuje bijelu trulež, Trametes, i istaknute razne mogućnosti primjene toga mikroorganizma i njegovih triju enzima: lakaze, celobioza-dehidrogenaze i piranoza-2-oksidaze. Dok lakaza bez sumnje ima glavnu ulogu u biotehnologiji, druga su dva enzima manje poznata, ali sve se više koriste kao biokatalizatori. Pretpostavlja se da celobioza-dehidrogenaza i piranoza-2-oksidaza sudjeluju u razgradnji lignina te se pomoću njih mogu objasniti mogućnosti manje poznatih oksidoreduktaza toga roda gljiva

Primjena oksidoreduktaza iz gljiva roda Trametes spp. u biotehnologiji – obilje katalitičkog djelovanja

Those oxidoreductases that are part of the ligninolytic complex of basidiomycete and ascomycete fungi have played an increasingly important role in biotechnological applications during the last decade. The stability of these extracellular enzymes, their good solubility, and a multitude of catalyzed reactions contribute to this trend. This review focuses on a single genus of white-rot basidiomycetes, Trametes, to highlight the numerous possibilities for the application of this microorganism as well as three of its enzymes: laccase, cellobiose dehydrogenase, and pyranose 2-oxidase. Whereas laccase is without doubt a major player in biotechnology, the two other enzymes are less well known, but represent emerging biocatalysts with potential. Both cellobiose dehydrogenase and pyranose 2-oxidase are presumed to participate in lignin breakdown and will be used to exemplify the potential of less prominent oxidoreductases from this genus.Posljednjih deset godina oksidoreduktaze koje sudjeluju u procesu razgradnje lignina gljiva stapčara i mješinarki imaju sve važniju ulogu u biotehnološkoj primjeni. Tomu trendu je pridonijela stabilnost tih ekstracelularnih enzima, njihova dobra topljivost i mogućnost primjene u raznim katalitičkim procesima. U ovom je revijalnom prikazu osobito opisana jedna vrsta gljive stapčare koja uzrokuje bijelu trulež, Trametes, i istaknute razne mogućnosti primjene toga mikroorganizma i njegovih triju enzima: lakaze, celobioza-dehidrogenaze i piranoza-2-oksidaze. Dok lakaza bez sumnje ima glavnu ulogu u biotehnologiji, druga su dva enzima manje poznata, ali sve se više koriste kao biokatalizatori. Pretpostavlja se da celobioza-dehidrogenaza i piranoza-2-oksidaza sudjeluju u razgradnji lignina te se pomoću njih mogu objasniti mogućnosti manje poznatih oksidoreduktaza toga roda gljiva

Screening and identification of effective thermotolerant lactic acid bacteria producing antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. resistant to antibiotics.

ABSTRACT Two hundred fifty six isolates of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) displaying antimicrobial activity were isolated from chicken intestine. Twenty effective isolates of LAB show bacteriocin -like activity (BLA) against the target strains resistant to antibiotics (Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp.) to varying degrees. Broad spectrum inhibition specific (SIS) were found from 6 h cultivation while the longer cultivation time of 12 and 24 h appeared either the loss of BLA or the inhibition activity against the different target strain. Only 3 effective thermotolerant isolates, i.e., KUB-AC5, KUB-AC16 and KUB-AC20, exerted broad SIS against all target strains except Salmonella sp. S001. However, BLA belonging to KUB-AC5 could not inhibit growth of E. coli E006 and E010 whereas KUB-AC20 did not inhibit only E. coli E006. Based on biochemical, physiological and molecular systematic method, these isolates were classified as Lactobacillus reuteri

Development of Nanocomposite Film Comprising of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Incorporated with Bacterial Cellulose Nanocrystals and Magnetite Nanoparticles

Nanocomposite film of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) incorporated with bacterial cellulose nanocrystals (BCNCs) and magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) is reported in this study. The BCNC-Fe3O4 nanoparticles and PVA film was prepared by in situ synthesis technique using chemical co-precipitation. Different concentrations of BCNC-Fe3O4 (20%, 40% and 60% w/w) were mechanically dispersed in PVA solution to form the nanocomposite film. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of BCNC-Fe3O4 nanoparticles showed irregular particle sizes ranging from 4.93 to 30.44 nm with an average size distribution of 22.94 nm. The presence of characteristic functional groups of PVA, BCNC and Fe3O4 were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) attached energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis revealed that, the iron content and magnetic property increased with increasing BCNC-Fe3O4 content. The saturation magnetizations (MS) value increased from 5.14 to 11.56 emu/g. The PVA/ BCNC-Fe3O4 at 60% showed the highest Young’s modulus value of 2.35 ± 0.16 GPa. The prepared film could be a promising polymeric nanomaterial for various magnetic-based applications and for the design of smart electronic devices

Oxidoreductases from Trametes spp. in Biotechnology: A Wealth of Catalytic Activity

Those oxidoreductases that are part of the ligninolytic complex of basidiomycete and ascomycete fungi have played an increasingly important role in biotechnological applications during the last decade. The stability of these extracellular enzymes, their good solubility, and a multitude of catalyzed reactions contribute to this trend. This review focuses on a single genus of white-rot basidiomycetes, Trametes, to highlight the numerous possibilities for the application of this microorganism as well as three of its enzymes: laccase, cellobiose dehydrogenase, and pyranose 2-oxidase. Whereas laccase is without doubt a major player in biotechnology, the two other enzymes are less well known, but represent emerging biocatalysts with potential. Both cellobiose dehydrogenase and pyranose 2-oxidase are presumed to participate in lignin breakdown and will be used to exemplify the potential of less prominent oxidoreductases from this genus

Enhancing the Productivity and Stability of Superoxide Dismutase from <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> TBRC657 and Its Application as a Free Radical Scavenger

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is crucial antioxidant enzyme that plays a role in protecting cells against harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are generated inside cells. Due to its functionality, SOD is used in many applications. In this study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae TBRC657 was selected as the SOD producer due to its high SOD production. After investigating an optimized medium, the major components were found to be molasses and yeast extract, which improved SOD production up to 3.97-fold compared to a synthetic medium. In addition, the optimized medium did not require any induction, which makes it suitable for applications in large-scale production. The SOD formulation was found to increase the stability of the conformational structure and prolong shelf-life. The results show that 1.0% (w/w) trehalose was the best additive, in giving the highest melting temperature by the DSF method and maintaining its activity at more than 80% after storage for 6 months. The obtained SOD was investigated for its cytotoxicity and ROS elimination against fibroblast cells. The results indicate that the SOD enhanced the proliferation and controlled ROS level inside the cells. Thus, the SOD obtained from S. cerevisiae TBRC657 cultured in the optimized medium could be a candidate for use as a ROS scavenger, which can be applied in many industries

Sugarcane Bagasse-Derived Cellulose Nanocrystal/Polyvinyl Alcohol/Gum Tragacanth Composite Film Incorporated with Betel Leaf Extract as a Versatile Biomaterial for Wound Dressing

In this study, nanocomposite film was fabricated using cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as nanofiller in a polymer matrix of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and gum tragacanth (GT) via solution casting. CNCs were extracted from sugarcane bagasse using a steam explosion technique followed by acid hydrolysis. Initial analysis of CNCs by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed nanosized particles of 104 nm in length and 7 nm in width. Physical and chemical characteristics of neat PVA, PVA/GT, and PVA/GT/CNC films with varying concentrations of CNCs (from 2% to 10%) were analyzed by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, mechanical test, and swelling test. The SEM analysis showed cluster formation of CNCs in the polymer matrix at high concentration. The developed films were transparent. FTIR spectrometry analysis confirmed the chemical functional groups of the various components in the film. The presence of GT and CNCs in the polymer matrix improved the characteristics of films as evident in the prolonged stability for 7 days and increased mechanical properties. The highest elastic modulus of 1526.11 ± 31.86 MPa and tensile strength of 80.39 MPa were recorded in PVA/GT/CNC2 film. The swelling ability, however, decreased from 260% to 230%. Cytotoxicity analysis of the PVA/GT/CNC film showed that it is nontoxic to mouse fibroblast cells L929 with 95% cell viability. Films loaded with betel leaf extract exhibited excellent antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus DMST 8840 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa TISTR 781 with 28.20 ± 0.84 mm and 23.60 ± 0.55 mm inhibition zones, respectively. These results demonstrate that PVA/GT/CNC loaded with the betel leaf extract could act as promising and versatile wound dressings to protect the wound surface from infection and dehydration