Pregnancy outcome in women with gestational diabetes mellitus – a study from Eastern India

Introduction: Hyperglycemia first detected in pregnancy during screening test (often between 24-28 weeks) which does not meet the criteria for overt diabetes is called gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study group (IADPSG) recommended a new diagnostic criteria and protocol. Objective: To find out the prevalence, the need for insulin therapy, any short term maternal or fetal adverse effect of metformin therapy and maternal and fetal outcome of gestational diabetes mellitus in eastern part of India.  Methods: This observational study was conducted in a tertiary care semi urban private hospital from October 2018 to September 2019 for a period of twelve months. All women with normal fasting blood sugar at booking underwent oral glucose tolerance test between 24-28 weeks using 75 grams glucose drink. All GDM cases were managed by a multidisciplinary team. Pregnancies complicated with known type 1 or type 2 DM, preexisting hypertension and multiple pregnancies, were excluded from this study. Results: Out of 581 total deliveries 70 cases was GDM (12%). All cases received dietary modifications; metformin was needed in 62 (88.5%) and insulin required in 8 (11.5%) cases. 7 cases (10%) detected to have growth between 50 th and 90 th centile, interestingly 3(4.2%) cases growth was between 5th and 50th centile. 4 patients (5.7. %) delivered between 32 to 34 weeks and 15 (21.4%) between 34-36 weeks. 67 (95.7%) were delivered by caesarean section. There was no perinatal loss. Conclusion: This study indicates that majority of the patients with GDM can be managed without insulin. Metformin use has reduced the need for insulin therapy. Universal screening and proper vigilance can result in optimal outcom

Current use of medical eponyms – a need for global uniformity in scientific publications

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Although eponyms are widely used in medicine, they arbitrarily alternate between the possessive and nonpossessive forms. As very little is known regarding extent and distribution of this variation, the present study was planned to assess current use of eponymous term taking "Down syndrome" and "Down's syndrome" as an example.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This study was carried out in two phases – first phase in 1998 and second phase in 2008. In the first phase, we manually searched the terms "Down syndrome" and "Down's syndrome" in the indexes of 70 medical books, and 46 medical journals. In second phase, we performed PubMed search with both the terms, followed by text-word search for the same.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In the first phase, there was an overall tilt towards possessive form – 62(53.4%) "Down's syndrome" versus 54(46.6%) "Down syndrome." However, the American publications preferred the nonpossesive form when compared with their European counterpart (40/50 versus 14/66; P < 0.001). In the second phase, PubMed search showed, compared to "Down syndrome," term "Down's syndrome" yielded approximately 5% more articles. The text-word search of both forms between January 1970 and June 2008 showed a gradual shift from "Down's syndrome" to "Down syndrome," and over the last 20 years, the frequency of the former was approximately halved (33.7% versus 16.5%; P < 0.001). The abstracts having possessive form were mostly published from the European countries, while most American publications used nonpossesive form consistently.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Inconsistency in the use of medical eponyms remains a major problem in literature search. Because of linguistic simplicity and technical advantages, the nonpossessive form should be used uniformly worldwide.</p

IoT Based Weather Monitoring and Intimation

A weather station can be described as an instrument or device, which provides us with the information of the weather in our neighboring environment. For example it can provide us with details about the surrounding temperature, barometric pressure, humidity, etc. Hence, this device basically senses the temperature, pressure, humidity, rain value. There are various types of sensors present in the prototype, using which all the aforementioned parameters can be measured. It can be used to monitor the temperature or humidity of a particular room/place. With the help of temperature and humidity we can calculate other data parameters, such as the dew point. In addition to the abovementioned functionalities, we can monitor the light intensity of the place as well. We have also enabled to monitor the atmospheric pressure of the room. We can also monitor the rain value. The brain of the prototype is the SIM900aGSMmodule. Four sensors connected to the Arduino are temperature sensor (ds18b20)and humidity sensor (DHT22), pressure sensor (BMP180), raindrop module. These sensors are sending the data to Arduino module. Then Arduino module sends these data to the IoT server with the help of GSM module. We can monitor the data continuously in IoT server. Whenever these sensors parameter exceed a chosen threshold limit, an SMS is published alerting the user of the appliance to take necessary action. Each sensor has its own threshold point