An Hybrid Approach for Identification of Breast Cancer using Mammogram Images

Breast Cancer (BC) is the first among the cancer deaths in women all over the world. Mammography is broadly perceived as the best imaging methodology for the early location of BC. Mammography examination reduced the BC death in spite of increasing number of noticed malignancies during the last decade. Although it is the best reliable method for early location, it has several limitations. One essential viewpoint is that the exactness rate tends to diminishing when doctors' examined high volume of mammograms. This work mainly concentrates on identifying regions containing small clusters of micro calcifications to categorize the tissue as being regular or irregular. Potentially cancerous tissue is distinguished from normal tissue by analyzing features of a given region within a mammogram. Therefore, feature extraction and saliency play an important role in cancer detection

Changes in cardiovascular spending, care utilization, and clinical outcomes associated with participation in bundled payments for care improvement - Advanced

BACKGROUND: Bundled Payments for Care Improvement - Advanced (BPCI-A) is a Medicare initiative that aims to incentivize reductions in spending for episodes of care that start with a hospitalization and end 90 days after discharge. Cardiovascular disease, an important driver of Medicare spending, is one of the areas of focus BPCI-A. It is unknown whether BPCI-A is associated with spending reductions or quality improvements for the 3 cardiovascular medical events or 5 cardiovascular procedures in the model. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, we conducted difference-in-differences analyses using Medicare claims for patients discharged between January 1, 2017, and September 30, 2019, to assess differences between BPCI-A hospitals and matched nonparticipating control hospitals. Our primary outcomes were the differential changes in spending, before versus after implementation of BPCI-A, for cardiac medical and procedural conditions at BPCI-A hospitals compared with controls. Secondary outcomes included changes in patient complexity, care utilization, healthy days at home, readmissions, and mortality. RESULTS: Baseline spending for cardiac medical episodes at BPCI-A hospitals was $25 606. The differential change in spending for cardiac medical episodes at BPCI-A versus control hospitals was$16 (95% CI, -$228 to$261; CONCLUSIONS: Participation in BPCI-A was not associated with spending reductions, changes in care utilization, or quality improvements for the cardiovascular medical events or procedures offered in the model

Introgression Lines with Improved Resistance to Late Leaf Spot and Rust in Peanut

In an effort to simultaneously transfer and map the genomic regions governing resistance to late leaf spot (LLS) and rust in peanut, two susceptible varieties (lCGS 76 and OH 86) were crossed to two resistant synthetic tetraploids; an amphidiploid, ISATGR 278- 18 (Arachis duranensis x Arachis batizocoi) and an autotetraploid, ISATGR 5B (Arachis magna x Arachis batizocoi). Two cycles of backcrossing with the recurrent parents resulted in the development of a large number of introgression lines (ILs). They (BCl6 and BCl,) were evaluated during the rainy season of 2013 and 2014. ILs differed significantly for LLS and rust resistance, and productivity traits. Twenty seven introgression lines superior over lCGS 76, and three ILs superior over OH 86 for pod yield were selected from respective crosses. Many of them were highly resistant to both LLS and rust. Majority of them carried resistant allele at marker loci linked to LLS and rust. A few ILs also combined high test weight, shelling percentage and sound mature kernel percentage. Of these introgression lines, eleven were also superior over GPBO 4, a national check variety. These genetic resources can be of immense use in peanut breeding or for commercialization

QTL mapping for late leaf spot and rust resistance using an improved genetic map and extensive phenotypic data on a recombinant inbred line population in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

The linkage map for the recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population derived from late leaf spot (LLS) and rust disease susceptible (TAG 24) and resistant (GPBD 4) varieties of peanut was improved by adding 139 new SSR and transposable element (TE) markers. The improved map now has 289 mapped loci with a total map distance of 1730.8 cM and average inter-marker distance of 6.0 cM across 20 linkage groups. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis using improved genetic map with 289 markers and comprehensive phenotypic data for LLS and rust from 11 seasons could identify a region on linkage group AhXV (B03 linkage group of B genome) which contributed significantly towards LLS and rust resistance. Of the five QTL mapped in this region, three showed high phenotypic variance explained (PVE) for both LLS and rust, and two QTL showed high PVE for only rust. The QTL flanked by GM2009-IPAHM103 had very high PVE of 44.5 % and 53.7 %, respectively for LLS and rust response. Another genomic region on AhXII (B10 linkage group of B genome) contained a QTL flanked by GM1839-GM1009 which had a PVE of 14.1–35.2 % for LLS resistance. A new QTL with marker interval GM1989-AhTE0839 on AhV (A05 linkage group of A genome) showed a PVE of 10.2 % for rust resistance. The new markers, AhTE0498 and AhTE0928 linked to rust resistance were validated using another RIL population of TG 26 × GPBD 4. The marker AhTE0498 showed 49.3–52.3 % PVE, indicating a strong marker validation in the new population. The improved map, QTL and markers for LLS and rust resistance reported in this study will be of immense utility in peanut molecular breeding

Validation of markers linked to late leaf spot and rust resistance, and selection of superior genotypes among diverse recombinant inbred lines and backcross lines in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from four populations involving cultivated varieties, and backcross lines from three populations involving cultivated varieties and synthetic tetraploids (developed from wild diploids) were employed for validating late leaf spot (LLS) and rust resistance-linked markers and identifying superior genotypes in peanut. GM2009, GM2301, GM2079, GM1536, GM1954 and IPAHM103 markers showed significant association with rust resistance. They were successfully validated in a new RIL (TG 19 × GPBD 4) and two backcross (DH 86 × ISATGR 278-18 and DH 86 × ISATGR 5) populations. GM1954, GM1009 and GM1573 markers showed significant association with LLS resistance. TAG 19 × GPBD 4 and ICGS 76 × ISATGR 278-18 populations showed strong co-segregation of LLS-linked markers with the phenotype. From these genetic resources, six superior genotypes were identified. RIL 78-1 was resistant to LLS and rust, and recorded 30 % more pod yield than GPBD 4 (control). It also had higher kernel yield and oil yield along with higher oleate and linoleate content over GPBD 4. These genetic and genomic resources could be useful in breeding for LLS and rust resistance in peanut

Sequencing Analysis of Genetic Loci for Resistance for Late Leaf Spot and Rust in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

The aim of this study was to identify candidate resistance genes for late leaf spot (LLS) and rust diseases in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). We used a double-digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-Seq) technique based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) for genotyping analysis across the recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between a susceptible line, TAG 24, and a resistant line, GPBD 4. A total of 171 SNPs from the ddRAD-Seq together with 282 markers published in the previous studies were mapped on a genetic map covering 1510.1 cM. Subsequent quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis revealed major genetic loci for LLS and rust resistance on chromosomes A02 and A03, respectively. Heterogeneous inbred family-derived near isogenic lines and the pedigree of the resistant gene donor, A. cardenasii Krapov. & W.C. Greg., including the resistant derivatives of ICGV 86855 and VG 9514 as well as GPBD 4, were employed for whole-genome resequencing analysis. The results indicated the QTL candidates for LLS and rust resistance were located in 1.4- and 2.7-Mb genome regions on A02 and A03, respectively. In these regions, four and six resistance-related genes with deleterious mutations were selected as candidates for LLS and rust resistance, respectively. These delimited genomic regions may be beneficial in breeding programs aimed at improving disease resistance and enhancing peanut productivity

Sequencing analysis of genetic loci for resistance for late leaf spot and rust in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

The aim of this study was to identify candidate resistance genes for late leaf spot (LLS) and rust diseases in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). We used a double-digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-Seq) technique based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) for genotyping analysis across the recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between a susceptible line, TAG 24, and a resistant line, GPBD 4. A total of 171 SNPs from the ddRAD-Seq together with 282 markers published in the previous studies were mapped on a genetic map covering 1510.1 cM. Subsequent quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis revealed major genetic loci for LLS and rust resistance on chromosomes A02 and A03, respectively. Heterogeneous inbred family-derived near isogenic lines and the pedigree of the resistant gene donor, A. cardenasii Krapov. & W.C. Greg., including the resistant derivatives of ICGV 86855 and VG 9514 as well as GPBD 4, were employed for whole-genome resequencing analysis. The results indicated the QTL candidates for LLS and rust resistance were located in 1.4- and 2.7-Mb genome regions on A02 and A03, respectively. In these regions, four and six resistance-related genes with deleterious mutations were selected as candidates for LLS and rust resistance, respectively. These delimited genomic regions may be beneficial in breeding programs aimed at improving disease resistance and enhancing peanut productivity

Validation of markers linked to late leaf spot and rust resistance, and selection of superior genotypes among diverse recombinant inbred lines and backcross lines in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from four populations involving cultivated varieties, and backcross lines from three populations involving cultivated varieties and synthetic tetraploids (developed from wild diploids) were employed for validating late leaf spot (LLS) and rust resistance-linked markers and identifying superior genotypes in peanut. GM2009, GM2301, GM2079, GM1536, GM1954 and IPAHM103 markers showed significant association with rust resistance. They were successfully validated in a new RIL (TG 19 × GPBD 4) and two backcross (DH 86 × ISATGR 278-18 and DH 86 × ISATGR 5) populations. GM1954, GM1009 and GM1573 markers showed significant association with LLS resistance. TAG 19 × GPBD 4 and ICGS 76 × ISATGR 278-18 populations showed strong co-segregation of LLS-linked markers with the phenotype. From these genetic resources, six superior genotypes were identified. RIL 78-1 was resistant to LLS and rust, and recorded 30 % more pod yield than GPBD 4 (control). It also had higher kernel yield and oil yield along with higher oleate and linoleate content over GPBD 4. These genetic and genomic resources could be useful in breeding for LLS and rust resistance in peanut