CORRELATION OF Hba1c LEVELS WITH PUPILLARY RESPONSE TO APRACLONIDINE 0,5% EYE DROPS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Pupillary reflex abnormalities can result from disorders of the innervation or iris structure of the eye. In people with diabetes mellitus, the pupil size becomes smaller than normal due to neuropathy in innocent sympathetic innervation of the pupil. This neuropathy is associated as a manifestation of uncontrolled diabetes complications. Pupillary response is associated as a general indication of autonomic neuropathy disorders in diabetes mellitus patients. Apraclonidine as an ophthalmic sympathomimetic agent can cause mydriasis, which is likely to identify pupillary sympathetic denervation in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. This study aimed to find out the correlation between HbA1c levels and pupillary response to 0.5% Apraclonidine eye drops in diabetes mellitus type 2 patients at Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang. Observational research with a correlation test design to investigate the correlation of HbA1c levels with pupillary response to apraclonidine 0.5% eye drops in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus has been conducted from March to May 2019. The study sample met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of 31 diabetics mellitus type 2 with HbA1c level> 6.5% in the Eye clinic at the Mohammad Hoesin Palembang hospital. In this study 31 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with HbA1c levels >6.5 mg% were obtained. The average HbA1c level was 9.5 ± 1.4 mg%, which ranged from 7.6 - 12.6 mg%. The glycemic status of the patients in this study were all (100.0%) in an uncontrolled condition (HbA1c> 7.5 mg%). The estimated duration of diabetes mellitus is 2.7 ± 1.8 years, with a minimum value of 1 year and the largest being 8 years. The average change in pupillary diameter before - after dropping 0.5% apraclonidine was 1.16 ± 1.06 mm, ranging from 0 - 4 mm. There were 9 (29.0%) eyes that did not show any changes. Significant enlargement of pupillary size after dropping 0.5% apraclonidine (p = 0,000). This change in pupil size correlated with the estimated duration of diabetes mellitus (r = 0.436, p = 0.014) and HbA1c levels (r = 0.492, p = 0.005). Pupil size after using 0.5% apraclonidine has a distribution value of 4 (3-6) mm can be interpreted that there are subjects who have no change, but there are patients who have pupils dilated to 6 mm

Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion with Vitreous Hemorrhage Identified During Intraoperative Vitrectomy

Introduction Retinal vein occlusion is the largest group of retinal blood vessels after diabetic retinopathy. Occlusion occurring in the retinal vein is divided into central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) occlusion and branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) occlusion. The Beijing Eye Study, reported a higher incidence of BRVO than CRVO, where 10-year incidents for BRVO were 1.6 per 100 subjects, and CRVO was only 0.3% 100 subjects.1 To report a case of Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion with vitreous hemorrhage identified during intraoperative vitrectomy Method: A 49-year-old woman with a history of 15 years of hypertension had right eye vision complaints, increasingly blurred since last 2 months. The right eye visual acuity 2/60 cannot be corrected and left eye 6/30 cannot be corrected. The posterior segment on right eye is difficult to assess. USG B-Scan right eye found vitreous echospike appearance of vitreous bleeding. We manage with vitrectomy and during intraoperative we identified bleeding and ghost vessel in superotemporal area. Bleeding in the superotemporal quadrant is done by photocoagulation laser action. Results: First day postoperative there was increased in visual acuity to 6/60 with a posterior segment that could be assessed, obtained tortous blood vessels, slight bleeding and ghost vessel in the superotemporal area with laser injury. Conclusion: In this case report, patients with BRVO with complications of vitreous hemorrhage performed vitrectomy with additional endolaser in the ischemic area. The result of this action of visual acuity improvement in patient