The relationships between ultimate reality, human being and nature in Korea: a comparison of the ecological theologies of Chiha Kim (1941-), Pomnyun (1953-) and Hyunju Lee (1944-)

During the Korean War (1950-1953), most of the Korean peninsula was devastated by indiscriminate bombing, and those who survived the war suffered poverty and famine in the 1950s. In the 1960s and 70s, industry and the economy became the top priority in the setting of national policies. As a result, water and air was intolerably polluted by industrial and domestic waste and by the smoke emissions of vehicles and factories, and environmental concern consequently became an urgent priority in the 1980s-90s. Although there were some voices of protest from environmental organizations against this indiscriminate industrialisation, their campaigns could not prevent the onslaught.The old Korean proverb "body and land are not two but one (#±T—)", reflects the belief of most Korean people that they cannot live apart from the land of Korea. The contemporary ecological crisis reminds us of a serious question: Can people and nature continue to co-exist in the future? The environmental movement, apart from aiming at protecting the natural world from human beings' exploitation, should seriously find a way to change a world view or one's sense of values which continuously influence people's lifestyle. 'Ecological worldview' in this thesis denotes a religious or philosophical reflection on the way that humanity and all other organisms can co-exist, critically reviewing the failings of the existing world views, which led to the present ecological crisis, and suggesting a relationship model between humanity and other organisms.Shamanism, Taoism, Confucianism, Donghak, Christianity, etc were introduced, accumulated, and shaped the Korean mentality during the course of history and contributed to a unique Korean culture in which various religions co-exist. Presently, Buddhism and Christianity are statistically the major religions of Korea. Shamanism, Taoism, Confucianism, etc have widely influenced the customs of Korean society. In this understanding of the multi-religious context, this thesis examines Korean ecological theology through three thinkers who have their backgrounds in Donghak, Buddhism and Christianity, respectively. Chiha Kim, a poet, writer, and civil activist, Pomnyun, a Buddhist monk and campaigner for South and North Korea unification, and Hyunju Lee, a Methodist minister and writer of children's stories, are all well-known representatives of ecological theology at present.They all argue that understanding the relationship between ultimate reality, humanity, and the natural world can overcome ecological crisis, although they are not satisfied iii with this artificial classification of ultimate relality, humanity, and nature. The basis for the relationship has been described according to their religious backgrounds as 'life', 'dependent origination', and 'incarnation', but they commonly describe it in terms of 'indivisibility', 'interconnectedness', or 'oneness'. 'Life' is described as 'an endless dynamic generation' within all existences (Chiha Kim). 'Dependent origination' is the principle that states that all realities have been endlessly interconnected (Pomnyun). Hyunju Lee argues that all existences are an expression of divine incarnation, and all beings having spirituality cannot exist independent from each other but are one.Korean ecological theology in the multi-religious context point to 'Cheon-ji-in Habil Sasang (Ahi2Aia"-' JSitS, the Idea of the Unity of Heaven, Earth, and Humanity)'. That is, although all realities have their own independent natures and unique forms, they all have 'a triune nature' as their fundamental common nature which can be understood through the concepts of'holistic dynamism', 'organic interconnectedness', and 'spirituality or sociality'. In this understanding, Korean ecological theology rejects any centrism, which may lead to hierarchy because ultimate reality, humanity, and the natural world exist in 'one inseparable community'

ANALISIS DAN IDENTIFIKASI SISA MATERIAL KONTRUKSI PEMBANGUNAN GEDUNG KANTOR KELURAHAN GILINGAN

Sukho Baskoro, 2014, IDENTIFIKASI SISA MATERIAL KONSTRUKSI PADA PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN GEDUNG KANTOR DAN RUMAH DINAS KELURAHAN GILINGAN, Tugas Akhir, Program Studi Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta. Sisa material konstruksi dapat dijadikan tolak ukur kesuksesan dari proyek konstruksi. Semakin sedikit sisa material konstruksi semakin bagus dalam proyek konstruksi tersebut. Menimbang performa kontraktor pelaksana pada proyek pembangunan gedung kantor kelurahan dalam melaksanakan proyek konstruksi perlu diadakan kajian tentang sisa material yang dihasilkan pada proyek pembangunan gedung kantor kelurahan. Langkah awal mengidentifikasi pengadaan material yang digunakan dalam proyek konstruksi menggunakan data sekunder yaitu laporan harian dan gambar rencana. Pengamatan dan wawancara langsung dengan pelaku di lapangan didapat data primer berupa overlap material yang terdapat di lapangan. Menggunakan bantuan metode hukum pareto didapat delapan jenis material yang kemudian diteliti sisa material dominan yang dihasilkan. Hasil kajian yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa dari delapan sisa material yang diteliti didapat sisa material bata merah paling dominan (21,84%) disusul keramik 40x40 (21,07%). Bata merah digunakan untuk bahan tambah material timbunan sedangkan keramik dibuang. Kata kunci: sisa material, proyek konstruksi, Pareto 80/20, bata merah

COVID\u27s Impact From an Individual\u27s Lens

COVID\u27s impact on my life

Effects of Training with Blood Flow Restriction on Muscular Strength: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(3): 1563-1577, 2022. The purpose of this study was to analyze how blood flow restriction (BFR) training influences muscular strength through a systematic review and meta-analysis. The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The following databases were used to conduct the research: Academic Search Complete, Medline, Web of Science, SPORT-Discus, HealthSource: Consumer, and HealthSource: Nursing. The following search limitations were included in this study: full-text articles investigating the effects of BFR training on muscular strength, published in a peer-reviewed academic journal, and published in the English language. Out of 327 articles, 25 were eligible to be included in this study. Comprehensive meta-analysis v.3 software was used to run statistics of the collected data from each study. The results showed that BFR training positively affects muscular strength. However, no group difference was found by gender, duration, workload, and cuff type/pressure in current data. This study provides additional information that can be used in future studies to obtain optimum strength results during BFR training

Effects of Regular Exercise on Blood Components and Serum Lipids in Elderly with Low Cognitive Function

Exercise is known as an effective method to reduce morbidity related to the cognitive impairment in the elderly. It has been reported that combined exercise including aerobic exercise and resistance training promotes cardiovascular function to facilitate volumetric oxygen transfer into brain and body tissues. The purpose of the present study was to determine the changes of blood components (RBC, WBC, HCT, Hb, MCV, MCH, Platelet) and serum lipids (TC, TG, HDL-c, LDL-c) by regular combined exercise in elderly with low cognitive function. 18 elderly women out of 23 completed all study requirements in this study. Following a baseline screening session that included a measurement of body composition (BIA) and mental status examination (MMSE-K and MoCA-K), subjects were randomly divided into two groups as the exercise group (N=10) and the control group (N=8). The exercise group participated in combined exercise program that was composed of aerobic and resistance exercises (50-60 min, 3 times/week, 12 weeks). Blood components and serum lipids were measured pre and post assessments. Data were statistically analyzed using independent t-test and paired t-test by SPSS 12.0 program. Significance was set a

Soil erosion and sediment yield in tropical mountainous watershed of northwest Thailand: the spatial risk assessments under land use and rainfall changes

A GIS-based method has been applied for assessing the spatial soil erosion risk and sediment yield in Mae Rim watershed, Northwest Thailand. The gross soil erosion in each watershed cell was estimated using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) by thoroughly determining its various parameters. RUSLE results showed mean annual soil loss rate of 31 tonnes ha$^{-1}$ yr$^{-1}$, while the mean annual suspended sediment yield was 7.4 tonnes ha$^{-1}$ yr$^{-1}$. From the results of the spatial analysis between controlling factors and soil erosion, it indicated that bare land, field crop land and high steep slope were linked to extreme soil erosion (> 150 tonnes ha$^{-1}$ yr$^{-1}$). With respect to soil erosion under land use and rainfall change, it was revealed that the conversion from deciduous forest to field crop area has very serious implications for soil erosion in the Mae Rim watershed. Indeed, transition from forest to agriculture may lead to erosion increase despite reduced rainfall. The results obtained from analysing scenario sensitivities identify synergistic effects on soil erosion hazard if bare land, field crop land and rainfall erosivity are increased simultaneously in the future

The Effect of Herbal Diet on Skeletal Muscle Mass After Resistance Training in Rats

Resistance training has been well established as an effective strategy for muscle hypertrophy, increase in skeletal muscle mass and strength. Herbal diet has been introduced as an alternative treatment to alleviate muscle atrophy and therapeutic intervention. However, there is little evidence on the effect of herbal diet on skeletal muscle mass. To investigate whether herbal diet affects skeletal muscle mass after resistance training in rats. Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: 1) Control (CON, N=8), 2) Resistance training (RT, N=8), 3) RT+Herb (RTH, N=8). Resistance training was performed every other day for 8 weeks using ladder climbing. The ladder climbing exercise consisted of 3 sets of 5 repetitions with a 1 min rest interval between the repetitions and a 2 min rest between the sets. Huang Qi (Radix Astragali Membranceus) was given via oral gavage once a day for 8 weeks (1 ml mixed with water based on concentration of 368 mg/kg). All rats received sham treatment, same as treatment groups. All data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA. After 8 weeks of interventions, muscle mass of Gastrocnemius, Plantaris, and Flexor hallucis longus showed significant increases in RT and RTH groups compared to CON (