10 research outputs found
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The Impacts of Entrance Fee on National Park Visitors’ Post-Purchase Evaluations and On-site Behaviors
Public lands in the U.S. are under pressure to increase self-generated revenues due to the gradual budget reduction. Implementing entrance fees is considered an option, but its impact on visitation and revenue is controversial. This study aimed to examine the impacts of entrance fees on national park visitors’ post-purchase evaluations and on-site behaviors. Additionally, the framing effect for the free entrance was assessed. This research adopted a scenario-based experimental approach. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three entrance fee conditions: a fee condition, a free condition, and a discount-framing condition. The results showed that visitors perceived lower price value and lower intentions to revisit when there was an entrance fee. Moreover, it was found that visitors intended to spend more money when the free entrance was framed as discounted. This research suggested that public land managers should cautiously adopt entrance fees and strategically impose the free admission
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Written Vignette Experiment versus Virtual Reality Experiment in Tourism Research: An Empirical Comparison
Tourism scholars call for more experimental research to further our understanding of the tourism phenomenon. Due to the difficulty of conducting field experiments, most experimental research in tourism has been laboratory experiments. The use of virtual reality (VR) in laboratory experiments has been discussed to overcome the external validity criticism of laboratory experiments. However, its validity has not been scientifically explored yet. This study conducted a written vignette experiment and a VR experiment with the same research design to examine if the two experiments provide comparable results. The results showed that the two experiments yielded different results from the same research design. Specifically, the VR experiment provided more valid results in behavioral outcomes (e.g., revisit intentions) than the written vignette experiment, while both experiments showed similar results in mentalistic outcomes (e.g., satisfaction, perceived price value). Several practical implications were suggested
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Allocations of Government Funding for Public-owned Tourist Attractions in China: An Empirical Examination
For public tourist attractions, financial viability heavily depends upon sufficient government funding. However, research on government allocations has historically been quite rare. This study addressed this relevant gap by using a panel dataset of 171 public attractions in China from 2015 to 2018. Double-hurdle models and quantile regressions were employed to examine the determinants of government funding for public attractions. The findings suggested that attraction attributes played an influential role in the amount of government appropriations, but they were less impactful on the attractions’ likelihood of receiving government funding. Besides, it was revealed that attraction attributes exerted stronger impacts as attractions’ government funding level increased. The local economic condition was also a significant factor of both the possibility and the amount of government funding
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Economic Empowerment in Rural Tourism Development
Although empowerment plays an essential role in sustainable tourism development, most empowerment research in the tourism literature has been focused on the non-economic dimensions. Building on the typology of power (i.e., Power over, Power to, Power within, and Power with), this study explored and accessed economic empowerment in the context of tourism development in rural communities. Specifically, we investigated how economic empowerment or disempowerment occurred among individuals and communities. The four dimensions of power were presented as a process of change that transformed the lives of rural community members through tourism development. The findings indicated that tourism development can facilitate/hinder the process whereby tourism stakeholders in rural communities are transformed from having limited access and power to experiencing economic advancement and enhanced power. Also, the findings revealed that collaboration within the community can facilitate attaining the power of community members in the economic domain. Discussion and implementation are also presented
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The Effects of Virtual Reality on Nostalgia Evocation and Revisit Intention
It is important for destinations to retain repeat visitors, but it is relatively unknown how to manage revisit intention of past visitors. Based on the stimulus-organism-response framework, this study examines the effects of a sense of presence, facilitated by a virtual reality (VR) experience of a previously visited destination, on revisit intention by personal nostalgia mediation. A mixed research method is adopted. A qualitative study is embedded within a quantitative study. A VR laboratory experiment is conducted for the quantitative study. Using a 360-degree video about a visit to New York City as a research stimulus, a mixed experimental design involving a 2 (between-subject: a high vs. a low sense of presence) by 2 (within-subjects: personal nostalgia and revisit intention before vs. after a research stimulus) is adopted. For the qualitative study, a qualitative survey consisting of a series of open-ended questions is used to support the quantitative study results
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Agritourism Liability: Why Definition Matters from a Legal Perspective
This abstract aims to illuminate the legal issues and challenges surrounding agritourism liability, which is overlooked in the tourism literature. By demonstrating a lack of a clear and consistent agritourism definition and its impacts on liability exemption laws in the U.S., we argue that this ambiguity may, in the long run, discourage agritourism expansion, lead to inequity among various forms of agritourism businesses, and undermine agritourism visitors’ right. Furthermore, the passage of an agritourism liability exemption law intends to encourage agritourism expansion and improve its profitability by reducing insurance costs and risks. But there is no empirical evidence to show the measurable impacts of these laws. We, therefore, call for future research to explore the economic impact of liability limitations on agritourism operations, as well as the social ramifications (e.g., impacts on visitors’ rights)
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Financial Implications of Customer Engagement Behavior on Business Profitability
This study investigated the financial value of online reviews, an important customer engagement behavior (CEB). Total revenue, operating expenses and operating profits of a given period from each property were collected for 111 hotels in five Asian countries. These were matched with each hotel’s TripAdvisor reviews for the same time period, yielding a sample of 53,474 reviews. Panel regression analysis showed that review variance, volume and length had varying levels of association with gross operating profit indicators, thus providing empirical evidence linking CEB and business profitability. In comparison, only review volume was significantly associated with a hotel’s total revenue. Meanwhile, review valence is not significantly related with all measures of total revenue, total expenses and operating profits. The reviews were also assessed for their relationship with room revenue for comparisons with profitability and total revenue indicators. Theoretical and empirical implications of the study were discussed
Mobile vs. PC: the device mode effects on tourism online survey response quality
Using mobile devices to complete web-based surveys is an inescapable trend. Given the growth of this medium, some researchers are concerned about whether mobile devices are a viable channel for administering self-report online surveys. Taking two online surveys respectively using the US and China samples, this study compared the responses quality between participants responding via mobile devices and via PCs. Results from both the US and China samples revealed that although mobile respondents took longer to complete surveys than PC respondents, response quality did not differ significantly between these groups. Several behaviour patterns among mobile respondents were also identified in both samples. These findings provide practical implications to optimize web-based surveys for mobile users in tourism and hospitality research