Controlling Lethal Browning of \u3cem\u3eHemarthria compressa\u3c/em\u3e Tissue Cultures

Hemarthria compressa is an important warm-season forage grass for use in Southwest China. However, due to poor seed set, it is propagated by vegetative cuttings of stolons, rhizomes, and nodal sections. The in vitro propagation of H. compressa is still faced with difficulties including blackening or browning of tissues prior to culturing due to the oxidation of phenolic compounds by polyphenolic oxidase enzyme present in excised tissue (Yang et al. 2008). The objectives of the study were to investigate possible means of successful initiation of cultures through elimination of phenolic browning

On the origin of helical mesostructures

The investigation on the formation mechanism of helical structures and the synthesis of helical materials is attractive for scientists in different fields. Here we report the synthesis of helical mesoporous materials with chiral channels in the presence of achiral surfactants. More importantly, we suggest a simple and purely interfacial interaction mechanism to explain the spontaneous formation of helical mesostructures. Unlike the proposed model for the formation of helical molecular chains or surpramolecular packing based on the geometrically motivated model or the entropically driven model, the origin of the helical mesostructured materials may be attributed to a morphological transformation accompanied by a reduction in surface free energy. After the helical morphology is formed, the increase in bending energy together with the derivation from a perfect hexagonal mesostructure may limit the curvature of helices. Our model may be general and important in the designed synthesis of helical mesoporous materials

Effects of aerobic exercise on body self-esteem among Chinese college students: A meta-analysis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on five dimensions of physical self-worth, exercise capacity, physical condition, physical attractiveness, and physical quality in body self-esteem of Chinese college students.MethodsBy searching PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNIK database, VIP database, WANFANG database platform, we searched for the subject terms or keywords "body self-esteem", "Chinese college students", "Systematic evaluation", "Aerobic exercise", "Exercise intervention", "Meta-Analysis". The search method was a combination of subject terms and keywords and title, and the search period was from database creation to The search was conducted from database creation to May 2022. A total of 3221 articles were searched, and 9 articles were included in the study through repeated screening. Risk of bias was assessed with Cochrane and the quality of studies in the literature was assessed using Grade pro software. The outcome indicators of the included literature were analysed using review manager 5.4 software and StataMP 17.0 software.ResultsNine papers including 1613 subjects were included. results of Meta-analysis showed that aerobic exercise was effective in improving physical self-worth (WMD = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.08-1.83, pConclusionAerobic exercise can effectively improve the body self-esteem of Chinese college students. In exercise, male students pursue is athletic ability and physical fitness, and female students pursue is the sense of physical self-worth and physical attractiveness. Aerobic exercise has a greater increase in body self-esteem for obese or Obese college students. Aerobics and physical dance are the most cost-effective for improving body self-esteem. Medium-intensity relative to low-intensity exercise was effective for body self-esteem intervention. A single exercise session of 90 minutes was more effective than a single 30-minute session in boosting body self-esteem, and the overall intervention duration of 16 weeks was more effective than 10 weeks

Dual channel transformation of scalar and vector terahertz beams along the optical path based on dielectric metasurface

The research on terahertz wave manipulation based on metasurfaces has gradually deepened, and the number of functions or electromagnetic control dimensions in a single device is constantly increasing. For the spatial dimension of terahertz field regulation, its design degrees of freedom have been expanded from a single transverse plane to the propagation path. In this paper, we propose a novel circularly polarization multiplexed metasurface for dual channel terahertz wave transmission control. Based on the spatial integration of two heterogeneous meta-atoms, which are spin-decoupled and isotropic, respectively, there are four phase channels that can be used at the same time, thus achieving different switching between vector and scalar beams in different circularly polarization channels along the optical path. For linearly polarized wave incidence, the device exhibits conversion between different vector beams longitudinally. To control more electric field components, we combine focused wavefront design with vector or scalar fields and utilize the focusing induced spin–orbit coupling effect, then complex amplitude switching of longitudinal electric field components is obtained. This article extends the manipulation of terahertz waves along the propagation trajectory based on metasurface from single to dual channel for the first time, providing a reference for the design of multifunctional meta-device in terahertz band

Aponermin or placebo in combination with thalidomide and dexamethasone in the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (CPT-MM301): a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial

Abstract Background Aponermin, a circularly permuted tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, is a potential death receptor 4/5-targeted antitumour candidate. Previous phase 1/2 studies have demonstrated the efficacy of aponermin in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). To confirm the superiority of aponermin plus thalidomide and dexamethasone (aponermin group) over placebo plus thalidomide and dexamethasone (placebo group) in RRMM, a randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled phase 3 trial was performed. Methods Four hundred seventeen patients with RRMM who had previously received at least two regimens were randomly assigned (2:1) to receive aponermin, thalidomide, and dexamethasone or placebo, thalidomide, and dexamethasone. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Key secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS) and overall response rate (ORR). Results A total of 415 patients received at least one dose of trial treatment (276 vs. 139). The median PFS was 5.5 months in the aponermin group and 3.1 months in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.49–0.78; P < 0.001). The median OS was 22.4 months for the aponermin group and 16.4 months for the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.55–0.89; P = 0.003). Significantly higher rates of ORR (30.4% vs. 13.7%, P < 0.001) and very good partial response or better (14.1% vs. 2.2%, P < 0.0001) were achieved in the aponermin group than in the placebo group. Treatment with aponermin caused hepatotoxicity in some patients, as indicated by the elevated alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, or lactate dehydrogenase levels (52.2% vs. 24.5%, 51.1% vs. 19.4% and 44.9% vs. 21.6%, respectively), mostly grade 1/2, transient and reversible. The main grade 3/4 adverse events included neutropenia, pneumonia and hyperglycemia. The incidence of serious adverse events was similar between the two groups (40.6% vs. 37.4%). There was no evidence that aponermin leads to hematological toxicity, nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, or secondary tumors. Conclusions Aponermin plus thalidomide and dexamethasone significantly improved PFS, OS and ORR with manageable side effects in RRMM patients who had received at least two prior therapies. These results support the use of aponermin, thalidomide, and dexamethasone as a treatment option for RRMM patients. Trial registration The trial was registered at http://www.chictr.org.cn as ChiCTR-IPR-15006024, 17/11/2014