Antibiotics Resistance of Vibrio spp. Isolated from Diseased Seabass and Tilapia in Cage Culture

Vibriosis has become one of the most important bacterial diseases in marine cultured organisms in recent years. This study was focusing on isolation and identification of Vibrio spp. isolated from diseased seabass (Lates calcarifer), tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and seawater from Sri Tujuh lagoon in East Coast of Malaysia; also determination of antibiotic resistance patterns among Vibrio spp. Vibrio species isolated from diseased seabass in Pantai Sri Tujuh, Tumpat, Kelantan were screened for their antibiotic sensitivity patterns by Kirby-Bauer method. A total of 47 isolates belonging to three different species were identified which are V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, and V. alginolyticus. In this study, high incidence of erythromycin, chloramphenicol and sulfamethoxazole resistance was observed among the Vibrio isolates, whereas all isolates were susceptible to oxytetracycline. Vibrio isolates were 96% resistant to one or more different classes of antibiotic, and 17 different resistance patterns were identified. The MAR index of 0.4 indicating the Vibrio spp. in these farmed fish might have been indiscriminately and continuously exposed to those antibiotics during culturing stages of the fish. This study showed that multidrug-resistant Vibrio spp. were common in diseased seabass and tilapia cultured at Sri Tujuh lagoon. These essential findings suggested involvement of seafood in transmission of these pathogen to human. In addition, oxytetracycline can be used as a treatment to combat vibriosis in diseased seabass and tilapia

Antibiotics resistance of Vibrio spp. isolated from diseased seabass and tilapia in cage culture

Vibriosis has become one of the most important bacterial diseases in marine cultured organisms in recent years. This study was focusing on isolation and identification of Vibrio spp. isolated from diseased seabass (Lates calcarifer), tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and seawater from Sri Tujuh lagoon in East Coast of Malaysia; also determination of antibiotic resistance patterns among Vibrio spp. Vibrio species isolated from diseased seabass in Pantai Sri Tujuh, Tumpat, Kelantan were screened for their antibiotic sensitivity patterns by Kirby-Bauer method. A total of 47 isolates belonging to three different species were identified which are V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, and V. alginolyticus. In this study, high incidence of erythromycin, chloramphenicol and sulfamethoxazole resistance was observed among the Vibrio isolates, whereas all isolates were susceptible to oxytetracycline. Vibrio isolates were 96% resistant to one or more different classes of antibiotic, and 17 different resistance patterns were identified. The MAR index of 0.4 indicating the Vibrio spp. in these farmed fish might have been indiscriminately and continuously exposed to those antibiotics during culturing stages of the fish. This study showed that multidrug-resistant Vibrio spp. were common in diseased seabass and tilapia cultured at Sri Tujuh lagoon. These essential findings suggested involvement of seafood in transmission of these pathogen to human. In addition, oxytetracycline can be used as a treatment to combat vibriosis in diseased seabass and tilapia

Refinement of the ISO 9126 model for evaluating software product quality in e-Book

Despite the widespread use of e-Book in education, there is yet a standard framework for evaluating the quality of software products in e-Book.Research efforts mainly focus on technological breakthroughs and limited to attention has been given to the evaluation of software product quality.As such, this paper aims to propose a refinement of the ISO 9126 model for evaluating software product quality in e-Book.Popular Software Quality Models are reviewed including McCall, Boehm, FURPS, Dromey and ISO 9126.Refinements to ISO 9126 resulted in the identification of five quality characteristics (Functionality, Reliability, Usability, Efficiency,Portability) and 16 sub -characteristics (Suitability, Accurateness, Security, Interoperability, Maturity, Fault Tolerance, Recoverability, Understandability, Learnability, Operability, Attractiveness, Time Behavior, Adaptability, Installability, Coexistence, Replaceability).There are two contributions of this work: a Software Quality Model for e-Book; and the identification of quality metrics to support the evaluation of software product. The refined model provides a formal method for evaluating software product quality in e- Book and the quality metrics serves as a foundation for the development of survey instruments and computer support system. It is hoped that this work would spark interest for the development of better e- Book applications