Inadvertent puncture of right vertebral artery during central venous line catheter insertion

The use of ultrasound has been proposed to reduce the number of complications and to increase the safety and quality of central venous catheter (CVC) placement. In this report, we recommend the structures approach for US-guided to insert venous access for clinical practice. To achieve the best skill for CVC placement, The knowledge from anatomic landmark techniques and knowledge from US-guided CVC placement need to be combined and integrated. 59 years old lady, planned for total abdominal hysterectomy for pelvic tumour excision. Anticipate massive bleeding with major fluids shift during intraoperative, invasive monitoring with CVC was inserted preoperative at right internal jugular vein. The procedure of insertion was done using US-guided with out-of-plane method. While connected to CVP monitoring noted to have arterial wave. Decided to keep the central venous line in-situ and referral to radiologist for imaging was arranged. CT angiogram's findings of a catheter were seen to transverse the right internal jugular vein through-and-through and seen to lie within the right vertebral artery coursing into the right subclavian artery. No evidence of carotid artery injury. Referred to intervention radiology and vascular surgery team for the best method of removal the central line catheter. Removal of CVC for inadvertent injury to right verterbral artery under guided contrast study by intervention radiologist. The case illustrates the importance of ultrasound-guided CVL insertion

SURFACE MORPHOLOGY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF NAPIER GRASS FIBERS (Morfologi Permukaan dan Komposisi Kimia Gentian Rumput Napier)

Abstract A cellulosic component of Napier grass has high potential for the ethanol production. The presence of hemicelluloses, lignin and cellulose in Napier grass fiber can affect the ethanol production. The aim of this study is analyzed the effect of different pretreatment condition (2% of acetic acid and 2% of sodium hydroxide) on the chemical composition and observe the fiber surface morphology of the Napier grass fibers. The fiber surface morphology was observed using Scanning Electrone Microscope (SEM). The result of different pretreatment condition showed that 2% of acetic acid treatment have the highest percentage of cellulose followed by 2% of sodium hydroxide treatment and untreated sample. The hemicellulose content is reduced when treated with acid and alkali. Based on the fiber morphology characterization, acid and alkali pretreatment condition showed that the surface impurities on the fiber were removed. This study suggested that the acid and alkali treatment of Napier grass fibers has a potential to enhance the ethanol production because it can reduce the hemicellulose content. Keywords: Cellulose, Napier grass fiber composition, Pretreatment Abstrak Komponen selulosa dalam rumput Napier mempunyai potensi yang tinggi untuk menghasilkan etanol. Kehadiran hemiselulosa, lignin dan selulosa dalam gentian rumput Napier boleh memberi kesan kepada penghasilan etanol. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk menganalisa komposisi kimia rumput Napier dalam keadaan pra-rawatan yang berbeza (2% asid asetik dan 2% natrium hidroksida) dan untuk melihat pencirian gentian serat rumput Napier berdasarkan pra-rawatan yang berbeza. Morfologi permukaan gentian dilihat menggunakan Mikroskop Elektron Pengimbas. Keputusan analisa menunjukkan bahawa peratusan selulosa berdasarkan 2% rawatan asid asetik adalah paling tinggi, diikuti gentian yang dirawat dengan 2% natrium hidroksida dan sampel gentian yang tidak dirawat. Kandungan hemiselulosa berkurangan apabila dirawat dengan asid dan alkali. Berdasarkan pencirian morfologi, gentian rumput Napier yang dirawat dengan asid dan alkali mempunyai morfologi permukaan yang lebih licin dan mempunyai banyak ruang di antara gentian. Kajian ini mencadangkan bahawa rawatan asid dan alkali mempunyai potensi untuk menambahkan penghasilan etanol disebabkan berlakunya pengurangan kandungan hemiselulosa

The effects of Situational Interview (SI) and Patterned Behavior Description Interview (PBDI) on applicant reactions

Background: Using interview as one of the selection methods for recruitment, organizations not only aim to select the best candidates for the job but also want to attract them to work in their organizations. This suggests applicants‟ reactions to job interview do matter. Objective: This study sought to examine applicant reactions to different types of structured interview content by comparing between Situational Interview (SI) and Patterned Behavior Description Interview (PBDI). Method: Fortysix job incumbents, as samples, were given transcripts of interview content for SI and PBDI which were counterbalanced in the order of their presentation. After completing them, the participants were asked to answer a short questionnaire on applicant reactions to the two types of structured interview content. Results: The results demonstrated a significant effect of structured interview content on applicants‟ fairness or procedural justice perception, with the mean for PBDI is significantly greater than the mean for SI. Conclusion: The findings showed that using interview transcript, job incumbents reacted more positively to PBDI than SI, which indicated that participants regarded PBDI to have a higher perceived procedural justice or perceived fairness than SI. These findings have contributed better understanding to the contradicting findings in earlier empirical researches

The effects of Situational Interview (SI) and Patterned Behavior Description Interview (PBDI) on applicant reactions

Using interview as one of the selection methods for recruitment, organizations not only aim to select the best candidates for the job but also want to attract them to work in their organizations. This suggests applicants‟ reactions to job interview do matter. Objective: This study sought to examine applicant reactions to different types of structured interview content by comparing between Situational Interview (SI) and Patterned Behavior Description Interview (PBDI). Method: Forty six job incumbents, as samples, were given transcripts of interview content for SI and PBDI which were counterbalanced in the order of their presentation. After completing them, the participants were asked to answer a short questionnaire on applicant reactions to the two types of structured interview content. Results: The results demonstrated a significant effect of structured interview content on applicants‟ fairness or procedural justice perception, with the mean for PBDI is significantly greater than the mean for SI. Conclusion: The findings showed that using interview transcript, job incumbents reacted more positively to PBDI than SI, which indicated that participants regarded PBDI to have a higher perceived procedural justice or perceived fairness than SI. These findings have contributed better understanding to the contradicting findings in earlier empirical researche

A real-time pothole detection based on deep learning approach

Today, the number of vehicles using the road including highways and single carriage way is increasing. road structure safety monitoring system that is safe for road users and also important to ensure long-term vehicle safety and prevent accidents due to road damage such as potholes, landslides and uneven roads. Most news reports of road accidents are also caused by potholes that are almost 10-30 cm deep, coupled with heavy rainfall that reduces visibility among drivers, significant damage to the suspension system to the vehicle or unnecessary traffic congestion. In this paper, deep learning detection with YOLOv3 algorithm is proposed apart from researches ranging from accelerometer detection, image processing or machine learning based detection as it is easier to develop and provide more accurate results. After pothole has been detected in real-time webcam, the location will be logged and displayed using Google Maps API for visualization. a total of 330 sets of data were sampled for the implementation of the pothole detection training model. As the results, the model provided 65.05 mAP and 0.9 % precision rate and 0.41 recall rate. The limitation of YOLOv3 algorithm detection can be improve further using GPU with higher specification performances and can sample 1000 to 10,000 datasets. The proposed algorithm provides acceptably high precision and efficient pothole monitoring solution under different scenarios for the users and may benefit the public and the government to monitor pothole in real-time

ASIC implementation and optimization of 16 bit SDRAM memory controller

Last-level caches (LLC) often used to relay between the central processing unit (CPU) and the main memory. Most traditional processor used static-random-access-memory (SRAM) as the cache storage. Other technologies such as embedded dynamic-random-access-memory (eDRAM) and Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM) have also been implemented to store the caches information. SDRAM able to achieve a higher data transfer rates than asynchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM). A memory controller is needed to manage the data flow. However, today issue's is the speed of fetching data from memories is unable to cope up the processors' speed since processors are getting faster day by day. Beside the speed limitation, a high-speed memory controller will also consume high dynamic power. Due to this fact, an optimized memory controller is needed to reduce the dynamic power used by the memory controller. This work proposed a reduction of dynamic power of the memory controller by reducing the switching activities. The focus of this work is to implement the design in Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) with switching power optimization of clock gating method. The clock gating cell is implemented in DC while optimized in ICC. It is found that the clock gating method able to reduce the percentage of switching power to 23% with average clock toggle rate saving of 41.6%. Besides, the voltage drop in the power network is also less than 10% which is 44.4mV or 2.22%. This work has proved that implementing of clock gating in the design is able to reduce the switching power and dynamic power without sacrificed the clock frequency

Modeling of A Single Phase 7-Level Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter

Recently, almost all industrial devices are mostly built on electronic devices which are precisely sensitive to harmonic. In order to meet the requirement from the industries demand aimed at a free-harmonics and high power rating source is remarkably increased in past few years. An inverter which a device or electric circuit that convert direct current to alternating current is one of the electronic devices that give concern to researchers for improvement of generating a neat power source. The inverter can be categorized into a single level and multilevel inverter. As compared to single level inverter, multilevel inverter offers minimum harmonic distortion and higher power output. This paper presents a model of multilevel inverter using 7-level Cascaded H-Bridge of multilevel DC-AC inverter to reduce total harmonic distortion with different sinusoidal pulse width modulation such as phase disposition and phase opposition disposition. Simulation output of single phase multilevel inverter cascaded H-bridge are analysed and verified in the Matlab/Simulink software. The result show that the 7-level cascaded H-Bridge multilevel inverter with phase disposition technique generate less total harmonic distortion if it is compared to the phase opposition disposition technique

Topographically Distinguished Microbiome Taxonomy and Stress-Response Genes of Royal Belum Rainforest and Raja Muda Musa Peat Swamp Revealed through Metagenomic Inquisition

Soil ecosystems are home to a diverse range of microorganisms, but they are only partially understood because no single-cell sequencing or whole-community sequencing provides a complete picture of these complex communities. Using one of such metagenomics approaches, we succeeded in monitoring the microbial diversity and stress-response gene in the soil samples. This study aims to test whether known differences in taxonomic diversity and composition are reflected in functional gene profiles by implementing whole gene sequencing (WGS) metagenomic analysis of geographically dispersed soils from two distinct pristine forests. The study was commenced by sequencing three rainforest soil samples and three peat swamp soil samples. Soil richness effects were assessed by exploring the changes in specific functional gene abundances to elucidate physiological constraints acting on different soil systems and identify variance in functional pathways relevant to soil biogeochemical cycling. Proteobacteria shows abundances of microbial diversity for 52.15% in Royal Belum Reserved Forest and 48.28% in Raja Musa; 177 out of 1,391,841 and 449 out of 3,586,577 protein coding represent acidic stress-response genes for Royal Belum and Raja Musa, respectively. Raja Musa indicates pH 2.5, which is extremely acidic. The analysis of the taxonomic community showed that Royal Belum soils are dominated by bacteria (98% in Sungai Kooi (SK), 98% in Sungai Papan (SP), and 98% in Sungai Ruok (SR), Archaea (0.9% in SK, 0.9% in SP, and 1% in SR), and the remaining were classed under Eukaryota and viruses. Likewise, the soils of Raja Muda Musa are also dominated by bacteria (95% in Raja Musa 1 (RM1), 98% in Raja Musa 2 (RM2), and 96% in Raja Musa 3 (RM3)), followed by Archaea (4% in RM1, 1% in RM2, and 3% in RM3), and the remaining were classed under Eukaryota and viruses. This study revealed that RBFR (Royal Belum Foresr Reserve) and RMFR (Raja Musa Forest Reserve) metagenomes contained abundant stress-related genes assigned to various stress-response pathways, many of which did not show any difference among samples from both sites. Our findings indicate that the structure and functional potential of the microbial community will be altered by future environmental potential as the first glimpse of both the taxonomic and functional composition of soil microbial communities

Studies on diversity of soil microfungi in the Hornsund area, Spitsbergen

We assessed culturable soil microfungal diversity in various habitats around Hornsund, Spitsbergen in the High Arctic, using potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Thermal growth classification of the fungi obtained was determined by incubating them in 4°C and 25°C, permitting separation of those with psychrophilic, psychrotolerant and mesophilic char− acteristics. In total, 68 fungal isolates were obtained from 12 soil samples, and grouped into 38 mycelial morphotypes. Intergenic spacer regions of these morphotypes were sequenced, and they represented 25 distinct taxonomic units, of which 21 showed sufficient similarity with available sequence data in NCBI to be identified to species level. Soil under ornithogenic influence showed the highest species diversity, including sequences assigned to Mortierella macrocystis, M. elongata, Mortierella sp., Cudoniella sp., Varicosporium elodeae, Beauveria bassiana, Geomyces pannorum, Penicillium sp. and Atradidymella muscivora. Fourteen taxa were classified as psychrophilic, seven mesophilic, and four psychrotolerant