Genome-wide identification and annotation of HIF-1α binding sites in two cell lines using massively parallel sequencing

We identified 531 and 616 putative HIF-1α target sites by ChIP-Seq in the cancerous cell line DLD-1 and the non-cancerous cell line TIG-3, respectively. We also examined the positions and expression levels of transcriptional start sites (TSSs) in these cell lines using our TSS-Seq method. We observed that 121 and 48 genes in DLD-1 and TIG-3 cells, respectively, had HIF-1α binding sites in proximal regions of the previously reported TSSs that were up-regulated at the transcriptional level. In addition, 193 and 123 of the HIF-1α target sites, respectively, were located in proximal regions of previously uncharacterized TSSs, namely, TSSs of putative alternative promoters of protein-coding genes or promoters of putative non-protein-coding transcripts. The hypoxic response of DLD-1 cells was more significant than that of TIG-3 cells with respect to both the number of target sites and the degree of induced changes in transcript expression. The Nucleosome-Seq and ChIP-Seq analyses of histone modifications revealed that the chromatin formed an open structure in regions surrounding the HIF-1α binding sites, but this event occurred prior to the actual binding of HIF-1α. Different cellular histories may be encoded by chromatin structures and determine the activation of specific genes in response to hypoxic shock. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11568-011-9150-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Stomagen positively regulates stomatal density in Arabidopsis.

葉の気孔の数を増加させる因子の発見～CO2削減や食糧増産へ向けて～. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2009-12-10.Stomata in the epidermal tissues of leaves are valves through which passes CO(2), and as such they influence the global carbon cycle. The two-dimensional pattern and density of stomata in the leaf epidermis are genetically and environmentally regulated to optimize gas exchange. Two putative intercellular signalling factors, EPF1 and EPF2, function as negative regulators of stomatal development in Arabidopsis, possibly by interacting with the receptor-like protein TMM. One or more positive intercellular signalling factors are assumed to be involved in stomatal development, but their identities are unknown. Here we show that a novel secretory peptide, which we designate as stomagen, is a positive intercellular signalling factor that is conserved among vascular plants. Stomagen is a 45-amino--rich peptide that is generated from a 102-amino-acid precursor protein designated as STOMAGEN. Both an in planta analysis and a semi-in-vitro analysis with recombinant and chemically synthesized stomagen peptides showed that stomagen has stomata-inducing activity in a dose-dependent manner. A genetic analysis showed that TMM is epistatic to STOMAGEN (At4g12970), suggesting that stomatal development is finely regulated by competitive binding of positive and negative regulators to the same receptor. Notably, STOMAGEN is expressed in inner tissues (the mesophyll) of immature leaves but not in the epidermal tissues where stomata develop. This study provides evidence of a mesophyll-derived positive regulator of stomatal density. Our findings provide a conceptual advancement in understanding stomatal development: inner photosynthetic tissues optimize their function by regulating stomatal density in the epidermis for efficient uptake of CO(2)

Mesodiverticular bandによる絞扼性イレウスの一例

症例は14歳,男児.開腹歴を含め,既往歴に特記すべきものなし.下痢,腹痛を主訴に来院し,抗生剤投与で一時軽快したが,その後腹部膨満感出現し,緊急入院となった.入院時血液検査所見で炎症反応の異常高値とCT検査上絞拒性イレウスの所見を認めたため緊急開腹手術を施行した.術中所見は回腸から約60cm口側にメッケル憩室を認め,そこに付着したmesodiverticular bandにより回腸が内ヘルニアを形成していた.小腸は広範囲に壊死しており,小腸部分切除を行った.mesodiverticular bandによるイレウスは稀で,術前診断は困難であるため手術歴のないイレウスの原因として考慮すべきであると考えられた.The patient was a 14-year-old boy who was admitted to our hospital because of abdominal pain and diarrhea. Blood tests showed strong inflammation, and plain CT showed the presence of air and fluid in the ileum. In physical findings, pan-peritonitis was suspected with muscle guarding, and so on emergency operation was performed. During the operation, we found that the ileum was compressed by a herniation of the mesodiverticular band and Meckel\u27s diverticulum. The a long segment of the ileum was necrotic, so these portions were resected and an end to side anastomosis was made. In a pathological study, neither gastric mucosa nor pancreatic tissue were observed, but microvessels were seen. Diagnosis is difficult before operation, so we should consider the mesodiverticular band when we see young ileus cases

フビョウドウ デンカイ ニオケル タンパツ ショウヨウ シュウハ デンアツ ノ フラッシーバ トクセイ

Abstract　The experiments on the flashover characteristics in non-uniform electric fields formed by the needle-plane gaps are performed and the Volt-time characteristics for positive polarity are observed to slope down to the left, which suggests V-type Volt-time characteristics. The flashover voltages of the single-wave voltage of positive and negative polarities and the alternating current voltage of commercial frequency (50 Hz) are compared with one another. Further, the effect of irradiating the gap spacings by ultraviolet rays is examined on them. Finally, the flashover mechanism of the left-down characteristics is considered.　　針－平板電極による不平等電界でのフラッシオーバ特性を求めた。V-t特性はギャップ長1O～1OOmmの範囲で求め，その形が正極性で左下がりであり，V字形V- t特性を暗示している。50%フラッシオーバ電圧特性はギヤップ長5～50mmの範囲で求め，正極性電圧・負極性電圧・交流電圧のフラッシオーバ電圧を比較した。さらに，それらのすべてについて紫外線によるギャップの照射効果を調べた。　　最後に平板面上のフラッシオーバ点の分布・電圧波形の検討から著しい極性効果を考察し，印加電圧の立上がり速度と空間電荷の応動の関係から左下がりV-t特性のフラッシオーバ機構を考察した

カンパトウ ショウゲキ デンアツ デ モギ サレタ カイヘイ サージ ノ キソ ケンキュウ

Abstract　The results of the fundamental flashover test on switching surges are reported. The dependence of 50% flashover voltage on the wave-front duration, and V-t characteristics are given for various air gaps. These switching surges are simulated by long wave-front duration surges with long wave-tail duration.　　最近，大都市等では電力の需要が急増し，それにともなう超高圧送電線の建設がいそがれている。これらの超高圧送電線では経済的な絶縁設計の見地より低減絶縁が採用されるため，系統絶縁の開閉サージ耐圧が重要な問題となってくる。本論文では，低電圧，短ギャップでの開閉サージの放電特性の基礎資料を得るために，長波尾長をもつ緩波頭サージで開閉サージを模擬し，電極の形状，ギャップ長および波頭長を変化した場合の放電特性について検討した。この結果，低電圧，短ギャップにおいても開閉サージのもつ特異性を示し，装置の小型化が期待でき，また開閉サージの放電機構の解析も容易になると思われる。さらに針対平板電極のV-t特性にV形特性のあらわれる原因について若干の考察を試みた

キチュウ ギャップ ニオケル タンパツ ショウヨウ シュウハ デンアツ ノ フラッシオーバ トクセイ

Abstract　The investigation is made on the flashover characteristics of a singie-wave voltage of commercial frequency in the air gap spacings of 6.25 cm-diameter spheres. The wave form of voltage is a single half of AC sine wave of 50Hz obtained by controlling a thyristor on the primary side of a testing transformer. Particuiarly, it is noticeable that, without irradiation of the gap, the Volt-time characteristics take V-type for positive poiarity.　　直径6.25cmの気中球ギャップにおける単発商用周波電圧のフラッシオーバ特性を，正負両極性について求めた。電圧波形は交流50Hz正弦波電圧の単発半波であり，試験用変圧器の一次側をサイリタスで制御することによって得られる。特に，非照射時のV-t特性が正極性でV形になるということが注目に値する