ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF ROOT AND FRUIT OF GOKSHURA (TRIBULUS TERRESTRIS LINN.) IN ALBINO RATS

Gokshura Moola (root of Tribulus terrestris Linn.) is one of the ingredients of the group of ten medicinal plant roots called Dasamoola. It is a major ingredient of Ayurvedic formulations so that the Ayurvedic manufacturing industry is consuming them in abundantly. Instead of roots, the fruits of Tribulus terrestris is roughly using in all the preparations of Dasamoola. In Ayurvedic classics Gokshura is said to be useful in the treatment of dysurea (Mutrakrichra), inflammation (sopham), renal calculi (Asmari), cardiac diseases (Hridroga), rheumatoid arthritis (Amavata), rejuvenation (Rasayana), aphrodisiac (Vajeekarana), etc. Ancient Ayurvedic literature opines that the properties and actions attributed to one part of the plant will be the same for the other parts too. If the fruit of the plant is equally effective as the root then the destruction of the whole plant can be prevented. Hence, the present study is carried to evaluate and compare the anti-inflammatory activity of both root and fruit Kashaya (decoction) experimentally by- Carrageenan induced rat paw oedema method with Diclofenac sodium (20 mg/kg) as standard. The results were analysed statistically by ANOVA and LSD post hoc pair wise comparison test. Both root and fruit of Gokshura, showed significant anti inflammatory activity in albino rats. But the root of Gokshura (Tribulus terrestris Linn) showed a greater anti inflammatory action in comparison to its fruit. Thus the current substitution of Gokshura roots with fruits can be substantiated by this study but effect may be less compared to root part

Review - Challenges of mobility aware MAC protocols in WSN

© 2018 IEEE. In today\u27s smart world WSN plays an important role in IoT. The WSN nodes can be used for wildlife, patient, air quality monitoring. WSN consists of numerous sensor nodes that are connected to each other. One of the major concerns of WSN is the mobility of nodes. The mobility of the nodes creates concern to the MAC protocols that\u27s defined for WSN static nodes. Mobile-WSN demands the participated nodes to send packets with a bursty traffic, low energy consumption and reliable connection. MAC protocol is the most important in designing the WSN as MAC plays an important role regarding throughput, mobility, security and energy consumption. This paper gives a review on mobility aware protocols such as M-MAC, MA-MAC, MMH-MAC, M-Contiki, MobiIQ, MobiDisc

Rotational imaging optical coherence tomography for full-body mouse embryonic imaging

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been widely used to study mammalian embryonic development with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolutions and without the need for any contrast enhancement probes. However, the limited imaging depth of traditional OCT might prohibit visualization of the full embryonic body. To overcome this limitation, we have developed a new methodology to enhance the imaging range of OCT in embryonic day (E) 9.5 and 10.5 mouse embryos using rotational imaging. Rotational imaging OCT (RI-OCT) enables full-body imaging of mouse embryos by performing multiangle imaging. A series of postprocessing procedures was performed on each cross-section image, resulting in the final composited image. The results demonstrate that RI-OCT is able to improve the visualization of internal mouse embryo structures as compared to conventional OCT

Magnetoelectric coupling in strained strontium titanate and Metglas based magnetoelectric trilayer

Direct magneto electric coupling is observed with a magnetoelectric coupling coefficient (MECC) of 806 mV cm−1 Oe−1 at 750 Hz in strontium titanate (STO) - Metglas - strontium titanate (STO-Metglas-STO) trilayer thin films with a total thickness of 600 nm. The piezoelectricity in the strained STO layer, which is otherwise a paraelectric material, enabled the sandwiched magneto electric structure to exhibit a fair sub resonant magneto electric coupling. Theoretical models proposed by Bichurin et al. and Hasanyan et al. are employed to calculate the values of MECC at sub resonant condition for the system, which is noted as 853 mV cm−1 Oe−1. The frequency dependence of MECC coefficient is also calculated and the resonance frequency is estimated as 706 Hz.publishe

Pulse length dependence of photoelectron circular dichroism

We investigate photoelectron circular dichroism (PECD) with coherent light sources whose pulse durations range from femtoseconds to nanoseconds. To that end, we employed an optical parametric amplifier, an ultraviolet optical pulse shaper, and a nanosecond dye laser, all centered around a wavelength of 380 nm. A multiphoton ionization experiment on the gas-phase chiral prototype fenchone found that PECD measured via the 3s intermediate resonance is about 15% and robust over five orders of magnitude of the pulse duration. PECD remains robust despite ongoing molecular dynamics such as rotation, vibration, and internal conversion. We used the Lindblad equation to model the molecular dynamics. Under the assumption of a cascading internal conversion, from the 3p to the 3s and further to the ground state, we estimated the lifetimes of the internal conversion processes in the 100 fs regime

Detection and Monitoring of Microparticles Under Skin by Optical Coherence Tomography as an Approach to Continuous Glucose Sensing Using Implanted Retroreflectors

We demonstrate the feasibility of using optical coherence tomography (OCT) to image and detect 2.8 ?m diameter microparticles (stationary and moving) on a highly-reflective gold surface both in clear media and under skin in vitro. The OCT intensity signal can clearly report the microparticle count, and the OCT response to the number of microparticles shows a good linearity. The detect ability of the intensity change (2.9%�5%) caused by an individual microparticle shows the high sensitivity of monitoring multiple particles using OCT. An optical sensing method based on this feasibility study is described for continuously measuring blood sugar levels in the subcutaneous tissue, and a molecular recognition unit is designed using competitive binding to modulate the number of bound microparticles as a function of glucose concentration. With further development, an ultra-small, implantable sensor might provide high specificity and sensitivity for long-term continuous monitoring of blood glucose concentration

Unipolar resistive switching in planar Pt/BiFeO3/Pt structure

This work was supported by the NASA EPSCoR Grant # NNX13AB22A. Financial support to various researchers from IFN-NSF grant # EPS 1002410 (RSK, DB, YS and BRW) is gratefully acknowledged. S. K. is thankful to UGC, India for a Raman fellowship under Indo-US 21st century knowledge initiatives (No:5-53/2013(I.C)).We report unipolar resistive switching suitable for nonvolatile memory applications in polycrystalline BiFeO3 thin films in planar electrode configuration with non-overlapping Set and Reset voltages, On/Off resistance ratio of similar to 10(4) and good data retention (verified for up to 3,000 s). We have also observed photovoltaic response in both high and low resistance states, where the photocurrent density was about three orders of magnitude higher in the low resistance state as compared to the high resistance state at an illumination power density of similar to 100 mW/cm(2). Resistive switching mechanisms in both resistance states of the planar device can be explained by using the conduction filament (thermo-chemical) model. (C) 2015 Author(s).Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Evaluation of optical clearing with the combined liquid paraffin and glycerol mixture

By scanning biological tissues in vivo and in vitro with optical coherence tomography, it is found that liquid paraffin can enhance the percutaneous penetration of glycerol in deep layers of tissue and take synergistically optical clearing effect with glycerol. It is shown from experimental results that 30% - 50% liquid paraffin glycerol solutions have the best enhancement effect. Considering the refractive index of liquid paraffin and its medicinal value, we think liquid paraffin will play an important role in optical clearing as the penetration enhancer of glycerol in future clinical research

Depth-resolved multimodal imaging : wavelength modulated spatially offset Raman spectroscopy with optical coherence tomography

Funding: UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC: EP/J01771X/1, EP/M000869/1), the European Union FAMOS project (FP7 ICT, 317744) and the RS MacDonald Charitable Trust for funding.A major challenge in biophotonics is multimodal imaging to obtain both morphological and molecular information at depth. We demonstrate a hybrid approach integrating optical coherence tomography (OCT) with wavelength modulated spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (WM-SORS). With depth co-localization obtained from the OCT, we can penetrate 1.2mm deep into the strong scattering media (lard) to acquire up to a 14-fold enhancement of a Raman signal from a hidden target (Polystyrene) with a spatial offset. Our approach is also capable of detecting both Raman and OCT signals for pharmaceutical particles embedded in turbid media and revealing the white matter within a brain tissue layer. This depth resolved label-free multimodal approach is a powerful route to analyze complex biomedical samples.PostprintPeer reviewe