Prevalence and Pattern of Consanguineous Marriages Among Different Communities in Mangalore

Introduction: Consanguineous marriages are a common practice in the Middle East, Asian and African populations. Many studies have stated an association between first cousin marriages and the incidence of autosomal recessive diseases and congenital malformations. High frequency of consanguinity is reported by researchers among South India. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and type of consanguineous marriages among the different communities of Mangalore. Methods: This study was conducted on 1164 married women in Mangalore to investigate the prevalence and type of consanguineous marriages. All the women were interviewed personally using a structured questionnaire. Family pedigree was constructed to study the type of consanguineous marriages. Data analysis was done by SPSS Win 13.0. Results: A low percentage of consanguinity (6.53%) was observed with a mean inbreeding coefficient of 0.0339. Frequency of consanguinity between religions was highly significant. Of these the most frequent were first cousin marriages (43.42%). Within Hindu religion the highest rate of consanguinity was among the Billavas (47.62%) of which the most frequent were distant relative marriages (75%) followed by second cousin marriages (57.14%). There was no significant difference in the frequency distribution of the types of consanguinity between the religions and also between the different groups among Hindus. Conclusion: The frequency of consanguinity was found to be low in Mangalore. The findings contradict with the earlier reports of high prevalence of consanguineous marriages in South India. Increased female education, increased socio-economic status and decrease in parental decisions in marriages may be the reasons

APTAMER: A REVIEW ON IT’S IN VITRO SELECTION AND DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

In recent year, Aptamer has been one of the key tools in the field of advanced drug delivery systems. Aptamer are oligonucleotides or peptides that bind to a specific target molecule. In this review we summarize the major differences between the antibody and an Aptamer along with the different methodology of the In vitro selection of the Aptamer by using SELEX (Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) technique. SELEX is a technique which has a based biosensor and some of the novel drug delivery system. The article referred in this review was referred from the above said source was in the range of 1990-2020 y. Primary contents is searched from science direct, springer nature, scopus indexed journals. The resources are downloaded from google scholar, peer-reviewed published literature from scientific journals and books

SOMES: A REVIEW ON COMPOSITION, FORMULATION METHODS AND EVALUATIONS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF “SOMES” DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

Many drugs are available in the market for several diseases, disorder or even for a condition, but it is difficult to select a suitable carrier to attain maximum bioavailability and potential for a potent drug. Attaining a controlled and sustained release of a drug is purely focused on the selection of a carrier (natural, synthetic and hybrid) like nanosomes. Nanosomes have become a prominent tool in the field of pharmacy. Nanosomes are small uniform structures which deliver the drug to the specific targeted site, which mainly depends upon the presence of ligands, shape, size and surface chemistry. Nanosomes are available in various types which include Niosomes, Liposomes, Electrosomes, Aquasomes, Transfersomes, Phytosomes, Enzymosomes, Ethosomes, Invasome and Sphingosomes. In general, all these nanosomes are quite similar in nature with minute differences in their vesicular characteristics and composition. This review traces various ‘somes’ composition and their role in the formulation, applications, advantages, disadvantages, common formulation procedures and evaluation parameters

Industry 4.0 Benefits, Challenges, Critical Success Factors: Comparative analysis through the lens of Resource Dependence Theory across continents and economies

Purpose: As we enter a new era of digital transformation, Industry 4.0 promises to revolutionize the way we do business, providing unprecedented opportunities and challenges. This study aims to investigate empirically and comparatively analyse the benefits, challenges, and critical success factors of Industry 4.0 (I 4.0) across four continents and developing and developed economies. Methodology: This study employed an online survey to explore the benefits, challenges, and critical success factors of developed and developing economies. In order to ensure the validity of the survey, a pilot test was conducted with 10 respondents. A total of 149 participants with senior managerial, vice-presidential, and directorial positions from developed and developing economies spanning four continents were invited to take part in the survey. Findings: The study ranks benefits, challenges and CSFs across economies and continents. Further, the benefit of Industry 4.0 helping to achieve organizational efficiency and agility differed across the developing and developed economies. Further, the benefit improves customer satisfaction significantly differed across continents; in terms of challenges, Employee resistance to change had a higher proportion in developing economies. Future viability of Industry 4.0 also differed across the continents. Regarding CSFs, there was no difference across the developing and developed economies. Finally, change management and project management vary across the continents. Implications: This study contributes to a balanced understanding of Industry 4.0 by providing empirical evidence for a comparative analysis. Moreover, it extends the concept of Resource- Dependent Theory (RDT) to explain how organizations in developing economies and developed economies deploy resources to manage external condition uncertainties to implement Industry 4.0. Furthermore, this study provides a structural framework to understand the specific benefits, challenges, and critical success factors of implementing Industry 4.0, which can be utilized by policymakers to promote Industry 4.0 in their economies or continents. Originality of Value: As far as our knowledge goes, no studies have empirically demonstrated the comparative analysis of benefits, challenges and CSFs across economies and continents and distinguish an original contribution of our work

Consumer satisfaction about hospital services: A study from the outpatient department of a private medical college hospital at Mangalore

<b>Background:</b> Consumer satisfaction is an important parameter for assessing the quality of patient care services. There is a need to assess the health care systems regarding the consumer satisfaction as often as possible. <b> Objectives:</b> To assess the consumer satisfaction regarding the services provided in our outpatient department in terms of clinical care, availability of services, waiting time, and cost. <b> Materials and Methods:</b> A 27-item pre-tested questionnaire was given to 100 patients (caretakers in pediatric patients) at the end of their O.P.D visit from 3 to 4 pm for 5 days from November 7, 2005 to November 11, 2005. The items in the questionnaire referred to particulars of the patients such as age, sex, occupation, department requested, lab, and medical stores. While analyzing, they were grouped into categories like availability, clinical care, waiting time, and cost. The responses were expressed in proportions. <b> Results:</b> The availability of services and clinical care was found to be satisfactory. 81&#x0025; of the respondents found the communication by the doctor good, 97&#x0025; of the respondents were satisfied about the explanation of the disease by the doctor The average time required for consulting the doctor was 46.5 &#x00B1; 20.9 min. But when time spent in pharmacy was considered, it was not significantly satisfactory. The cost of investigation was significantly moderate or high in 97&#x0025; of the respondents. <b> Conclusions:</b> Recommendations are required for reduction of time spent in the pharmacy and the cost of investigations to improve consumer satisfaction

Body image perception and attempts to change weight among female medical students at Mangalore

<b>Background:</b> Assessing body image self-perception has used BMI as an indicator of nutritional status. The visual analogue scale is a highly effective instrument for assessing people&#x2032;s level of dissatisfaction with their body weight while evaluating the perceptual component of body image. <b>Objective:</b> By knowing body mass index of female medical students, to find out their pattern of body image perception and any attempts done to change their weight. <b>Materials and</b> <b>Methods:</b> All the students residing in MBBS ladies hostel were included in this study and a questionnaire regarding body image perception, diet, physical activity and attempts to change weight was instituted. Their responses were collected, tabulated, analyzed and interpreted. <b>Results:</b> Among 147 study subjects, according to BMI, 25(17&#x0025;) were undernourished while 111(75.5&#x0025;) and 11(7.5&#x0025;) were normally nourished and overweight respectively. 35(23.8&#x0025;) of the subjects felt they were lean, 95(64.6&#x0025;) felt they were normal and 17(11.6&#x0025;) felt they were overweight. Regarding image satisfaction, 98(66.7&#x0025;) of them were satisfied with their image and out of 49 who were not satisfied 30 (20.4 &#x0025;) wanted to reduce weight. Skipping meals was practiced by 42 (28.6&#x0025;) of subjects. <b>Conclusion:</b> About 75.5&#x0025; of the study group were having normal BMI. Most of them perceived their image correctly regarding to their weight. Most of the underweight and all overweight females were not satisfied. Underweight females preferred to gain weight and overweight females preferred to lose weight

Peristaltic Transport Of A Conducting Jeffrey Fluid In An Inclined Asymmetric Channel

Peristaltic flow of a conducting Jeffrey fluid in an inclined asymmetric channel is investigated. The channel asymmetry is produced by considering a peristaltic wave train on the flexible walls of the channel with different amplitudes and phases. The nonlinear governing equations are solved analytically by a perturbation technique. The expressions for the stream function, axial velocity and the pressure rise per wavelength are determined in terms of the Jeffrey number λ1, the Froude number Fr, the perturbation parameter δ, the angle of inclination θ and the phase difference φ. Effects of the physical parameters on the velocity field and the pumping characteristics are discussed. It is observed that the size of the trapping bolus increase with an increase in the magnetic parameter and the volume flow rate. That is, the magnetic parameter and the volume flow rate have strong influence on the trapping bolus phenomenon

Peristaltic Flow And Heat Transfer Of A Herschel-Bulkley Fluid In An Inclined Non-Uniform Channel With Wall Properties

In the present work, we obtained analytical solutions for peristaltic flow and heat transfer of a Herschel-Bulkley (HB) fluid in an inclined non-uniform conduit with elastic walls. The effects of the physical parameters on the axial velocity, the streamlines, the temperature and the rate of heat transfer are discussed through graphs. Further, we discussed the results for the peristaltic transport of Newtonian, Bingham and power-law fluids. The variation in the power-law index n shows that the values of the velocity and the temperature fields are grater for shear thinning (n \u3c 1) HB fluids than the shear thickening (n \u3e 1) HB fluids. Also for n = 1, the results agree very well with the available results in the literature. Further, the inclination angle has a strong influence on the velocity and the temperature fields

The Effect Of Heat Transfer On The Nonlinear Peristaltic Transport Of A Jeffrey Fluid Through A Finite Vertical Porous Channel

In this paper we analyze the influence of free convection on nonlinear peristaltic transport of a Jeffrey fluid in a finite vertical porous stratum using the Brinkman model. Heat is generated within the fluid by both viscous and Darcy dissipations. The coupled nonlinear governing equations are solved analytically. The expressions for the temperature, the axial velocity, the local wall shear stress and the pressure gradient are obtained. The effects of various physical parameters such as the Jeffrey parameter λ1, the permeability parameter σ and the heat source/sink parameter β are analyzed through graphs, and the results are discussed in detail. It is observed that the velocity field increases with increasing values of the Jeffrey parameter but it decreases with increasing values of the permeability parameter. It is found that the pressure rise increases with decreasing Jeffrey parameter and increasing permeability parameter. We notice that the effect of the permeability parameter σ is the strongest on the bolus trapping phenomenon. For λ1 = 0, N = 0, the results of the present study reduce to the results of Tripathi [Math. Comput. Modelling 57 (2013) 1270-1283]. Further the effect of viscous and Darcy dissipations is to reduce the rate of heat transfer in the finite vertical porous channel under peristalsis