IDEAS: Information-Driven EV Admission in Charging Station Considering User Impatience to Improve QoS and Station Utilization

Our work delves into user behaviour at Electric Vehicle(EV) charging stations during peak times, particularly focusing on how impatience drives balking (not joining queues) and reneging (leaving queues prematurely). We introduce an Agent-based simulation framework that incorporates user optimism levels (pessimistic, standard, and optimistic) in the queue dynamics. Unlike previous work, this framework highlights the crucial role of human behaviour in shaping station efficiency for peak demand. The simulation reveals a key issue: balking often occurs due to a lack of queue insights, creating user dilemmas. To address this, we propose real-time sharing of wait time metrics with arriving EV users at the station. This ensures better Quality of Service (QoS) with user-informed queue joining and demonstrates significant reductions in reneging (up to 94%) improving the charging operation. Further analysis shows that charging speed decreases significantly beyond 80%, but most users prioritize full charges due to range anxiety, leading to a longer queue. To address this, we propose a two-mode, two-port charger design with power-sharing options. This allows users to fast-charge to 80% and automatically switch to slow charging, enabling fast charging on the second port. Thus, increasing fast charger availability and throughput by up to 5%. As the mobility sector transitions towards intelligent traffic, our modelling framework, which integrates human decision-making within automated planning, provides valuable insights for optimizing charging station efficiency and improving the user experience. This approach is particularly relevant during the introduction phase of new stations, when historical data might be limited.Comment: This work has been submitted to the IEEE for possible publication. Copyright may be transferred without notice, after which this version may no longer be accessibl

Performance Analysis of an Improved Graded Precision Localization Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper an improved version of the graded precision localization algorithm GRADELOC, called IGRADELOC is proposed. The performance of GRADELOC is dependent on the regions formed by the overlapping radio ranges of the nodes of the underlying sensor network. A different region pattern could significantly alter the nature and precision of localization. In IGRADELOC, two improvements are suggested. Firstly, modifications are proposed in the radio range of the fixed-grid nodes, keeping in mind the actual radio range of commonly available nodes, to allow for routing through them. Routing is not addressed by GRADELOC, but is of prime importance to the deployment of any adhoc network, especially sensor networks. A theoretical model expressing the radio range in terms of the cell dimensions of the grid infrastructure is proposed, to help in carrying out a deployment plan which achieves the desirable precision of coarse-grained localization. Secondly, in GRADELOC it is observed that fine-grained localization does not achieve significant performance benefits over coarse-grained localization. In IGRADELOC, this factor is addressed with the introduction of a parameter that could be used to improve and fine-tune the precision of fine-grained localization.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figure

Structural and electrical studies of Ba(fenb)0.5O3 based high dielectric constant materials synthesized by conventional and microwave processing techniques

There is an increasing interest in the field of dielectric ceramics. The oxide based dielectrics constitute a large portion of the materials which find large-scale technological applications in sensors, actuators, memory devices, high density capacitors etc. Generally, high dielectric constant (εr) is obtained in ferroelectric class of materials. But, for dielectric applications, the ferroelectric classes of materials have following disadvantages: (i) the max. εr is obtained near Curie temperature (Tc) (ii) the Tc is generally far away from RT. These disadvantages forbid the use of the ferroelectric classes of materials in different practical device applications near RT. To some extent, these disadvantages of the ferroelectric classes of materials are minimized by the relaxor ferroelectric materials. But, most of the relaxor ferroelectric materials are enriched with PbO, which is toxic and presently due to the environmental concern, the use of these types of materials is discouraged. Therefore, it is urgent and desirable to find out alternative lead oxide free high εr materials. Considering lead toxicity, there is an urgent need to develop effective lead-free/ low lead content high dielectric constant (HDC) materials, which are environmental friendly in nature. In the present study Ba(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3/BFN system is chosen as the material of research. Main problems related to the processing of perovskite based oxide ceramics through conventional solid state reaction (CSSR) route are high processing temperature and difficulty in getting better densified product. High dielectric loss in the BFN based ceramics can be utilized for its synthesis by microwave processing technique

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF HALOPHILA OVALIS AND HALOPHILA BECCARII (HYDROCHARITACEAE): TWO IMPORTANT SEAGRASS SPECIES OF CHILIKA LAGOON, INDIA

Objective: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the total phenolic and flavonoid content and the antioxidant property of two important seagrass species namely, Halophila ovalis and Halophila beccarii occurring in Chilika lagoon, Odisha, India. Methods: Total Phenolic Content (TPC) of the extracts of Halophila species was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method with little modifications and the total flavonoid content (TFC) was measured by aluminum chloride colorimetric assay. The antioxidant activity of different extracts was investigated by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity. IC50 values were calculated for the DPPH and ABTS methods. Result: The study revealed that the methanol extract of H. ovalis has greater antioxidant activity than H. beccarii. Methanol extract of both the species (H. ovalis and H. beccarii) was found to possess high phenolic content at value of 70.25 mg GAE/g of extract and 48.53 mg GAE/g of extract respectively. Similarly flavonoid contents was found highest in methanol extract for both H. ovalis (76.82 mg quercetin equivalent/ g of extract) and H. beccarii (64.28 mg quercetin equivalent/ g of extract). The antioxidant activity of different extracts of these two species were evaluated using DPPH and ABTS radical assay. The methanol extract of both H. ovalis and H. beccarii showed high radical scavenging activity with IC50 values of 37.77 μg/ml and 52.25 μg/ml for DPPH and 25.62 μg/ml and 45.45 μg/ml for ABTS respectively. Conclusion: The study revealed the potential of the Halophila species as natural sources of antioxidants having considerable commercial importance

WOUND HEALING POTENTIAL OF ZIZIPHUS XYLOPYRUS WILLD. (RHAMNACEAE) STEM BARK ETHANOL EXTRACT USING IN VITRO AND IN VIVO MODEL

Ziziphus xylopyrus Willd. is reported for widely use in diarrhoea, chest pain and as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory and healing of wounds in folk medicine. The angiogenic activity of ethanolic extract of Z. xylopyrus Willd. stem bark was studied using chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model (in-vitro) in 9 days old fertilized chick eggs. The extract found to promote angiogenesis as evidenced in CAM model, presenting increasing number of capillaries on the treated CAM surfaces, which might be beneficial in the treatment of wound healing. The wound healing activity of the test extract was also investigated using excision and incision wound model (in-vivo) in Swiss Albino rats. In excision wound model, the percent contraction of wound was found significantly higher in the ointment containing ethanolic extract of Z. xylopyrus Willd. stem bark (10 %) treated group compared to the control group. Linear incision by using tensiometer and circular excision wound models were evaluated on rats. In incision wound model, tensile strength of the healing tissue after treatment with the ointment containing Z. xylopyrus Willd. stem bark ethanolic extract (10 %) was found significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.05), indicating the better wound healing activity. The results of histological examination supported the outcome of linear incision and excision wound model as well. The experimental data demonstrated that Z. xylopyrus Willd. stem bark extract displayed remarkable wound healing activity. KEY WORDS: Ziziphus xylopyrus Willd.; chorioallantoic membrane model; angiogenesis; wound healing

Estimation of Trajectory of High speed Artillery Shell

This paper presents a novel technique that uses the stereoscopic arrangement of multiple cameras to determine the trajectory of a high-speed projectile. It can be used to detect and track artillery shells moving at high speed in the air toward friendly territory. A system with the proposed concept can enhance retaliation success in battlefield countermeasures. There are many state-of-the-art Radar-based systems to detect moving artillery shells and mortars, but the cost and size of those products make them not so easily deployable in all kinds of terrains. A system with multiple cameras is discussed in this paper as an alternative solution. The experimental results, after algorithms were applied to simulated videos of expected scenes showed that the proposed technique is feasible. The proposed technique is fast and accurate and can be converted into deployable hardware. It can lead to realizing a system that has utility in saving precious lives in critical circumstances

Algorithms to Speed up Contour Tracing in Real Time Image Processing Systems

Contour tracing is an important pre-processing step in many image-processing applications such as feature recognition, biomedical imaging, security and surveillance. As single-processor architectures reach their performance limits, parallel processing architectures offer energy-efficient and high-performance solutions for real-time applications. Parallel processing architectures are thus used for several real-time image processing applications. Among the several interconnection schemes available, Cayley graph-based interconnections offer easy routing and symmetric implementation capabilities. For parallel processing systems with a Cayley graph-based interconnection scheme, torus, we developed three accelerated algorithms corresponding to three existing families of contour tracing algorithms. We simulated these algorithms on a parallel processing framework to quantify the normalized speed-up possible in any torus-connected parallel processing system. We also compared our best-performing algorithm with the existing parallel processing implementations for Nvidia GPUs. We observed a speed-up of up to 468 times using our algorithms on a parallel processing architecture in comparison to the corresponding algorithm on a single processor architecture. We evaluated a speedup of 194 (and 47) compared to the existing parallel processing contour tracing implementation on Tesla K40c (and Quadro RTX 5000 GPU hardware, respectively). We observe that for torus-connected parallel processing architectures used for image processing, our algorithms can speed up contour tracing without any hardware modification