Wpływ naturalnego włókna Gongura roselle na właściwości mechaniczne kompozytów ABS i PLA otrzymanych metodą druku 3D

The influence of the natural Gongura roselle fiber on the tensile and flexural properties as well as on Shore D hardness of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and poly (lactic acid) (PLA) was investigated. The composites were printed in fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D technique. The addition of natural fiber improved the mechanical properties of the tested composites, while the flexural strength, modulus and hardness were better in the case of ABS-based composite. Whereas, PLA-based composites showed higher tensile strength. The influence of the nozzle angle on the mechanical properties of the composites was also investigated. The best results have been obtained when using an angle of 0°.Zbadano wpływ naturalnego włókna Gongura roselle na właściwości mechaniczne przy rozciąganiu i zginaniu oraz twardość Shore’a D akrylonitrylu-butadienu-styrenu (ABS) i poli(kwasu mlekowego) (PLA). Kompozyty otrzymano metodą osadzania topionego materiału (FDM) w technice 3D. Dodatek naturalnego włókna poprawił właściwości mechaniczne badanych kompozytów, przy czym wytrzymałość na zginanie, moduł sprężystości i twardość były lepsze w przypadku kompozytu na osnowie ABS. Natomiast kompozyty na osnowie PLA miały większą wytrzymałość na rozciąganie. Zbadano również wpływ kąta ustawienia dyszy na właściwości mechaniczne kompozytów. Najlepsze wyniki uzyskano stosując kąt 0°

Harnessing Biogas in India: A Sustainable Pathway for Sustainable Energy Development

The review underscores the pivotal role of the Indian biogas sector in addressing the challenges posed by inadequate sanitation practices, exploring how the biogas sector is a potentially transformative force for waste management and energy production. Decentralized biogas facilities utilizing various organic materials, including agricultural waste, kitchen waste, organic industrial waste, sewage sludge, and floral waste, have reshaped rural landscapes. These facilities electrify remote villages, benefiting over 5 million residents and reducing energy expenses by 40%. Critically, these efforts preserve vital ecosystems, exemplified by the rejuvenation of 10,000 hectares of mangroves in the Sundarbans, sequestering an impressive 500,000 metric tons of CO2 annually. Innovative technologies, such as the anaerobic digestion process and advanced biogas production systems featuring improved gas purification techniques, two-stage digesters, and optimized feedstock mixtures, play a crucial role in this sustainability journey. These advancements boost biogas yields by 20%. Importantly, byproducts like digestate are efficiently upcycled into 500 Mt of high-quality biofertilizers annually, significantly enhancing crop yield, particularly wheat and maize, by 15%. Moreover, the transformative impact extends to environmental sustainability by converting digestate into 1,000 Mt of biodegradable plastics, leading to a 30% reduction in traditional plastics usage. Government support and well-crafted policies have been instrumental, with subsidies driving the adoption of biogas digesters in 50,000 households, creating 5,000 jobs, and reducing methane emissions by 2 MMt annually. Biogas catalyzes integrated sustainability, accompanying cleaner environments, improved livelihoods, and resilient ecosystems by harmonizing sanitation, energy, and ecosystem preservation.   Received: 20 September 2023 | Revised: 27 December 2023 | Accepted: 26 February 2024   Conflicts of Interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.   Data Availability Statement The data that support the findings of this study are openly available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author