The diatom, Fragilaria oceanica Cleve, an indicator of abundance of the Indian oil sardine, Sardinella longiceps Cuv. and Val.

The oil sardine fishery has contributed in no small measure to the economy of the fisherfolk of the West .Coast of India, and apart from its food value, the fish has sustained prosperous oil and guano industries for well over a century. ' The fishery, however, is subject tn extreme fluctuations and its continuous failure during the forEes extending over several years had disastrous consequences on the fishing industry

Key operations in the wet-rendering of peanut for the isolation of protein, oil and starch

Separation of oil and suspended solids from peanut slurry are two important interdependent operations in wet rendering of peanuts. A 3-way centrifuge cannot be used efficiently for the separation of the different phases due to the large volume of fibrous suspended solids in peanut slurry. Removal of suspended solids from the slurry by filtration is too slow and incomplete, as the fine particles tend to block the screen. The alternative method of centrifugal sedimentation of the suspended solids causes emulsification of the oil and results in the inefficient separation of the oil. It is shown in the paper that efficiency of the separation of oil and carbohydrate fraction from peanut by wet rendering method depends on careful conditioning of the seed

Estimation of nitrogen by fumeless digestion. Part 1

This article does not have an abstract

Integrated processing of peanut for the separation of major constituents

Bench-scale experiments were carried out on the processing of peanut by a new method. The decuticled kernels were pasted, and the paste was subjected to the Skipin process to recover approximately 30% oil; the residual paste was made into a dispersion at 10.0 pH and clarified to get a carbohydrate meal (15.7% moisture-free); the clarified dispersion was centrifuged to obtain another 12% fat and the remaining dispersion was acidified to get the protein (21.9% moisture-free). Fifteen batches of 100-1b. (45.4 kg.) each have been processed, and the reproducibility of the yields has been ascertained. The scope for increasing the oil yield and for improving protein quality is discussed

An ASCA Study of the W51 Complex

We present the analysis of ASCA archival data from the Galactic source W51. The ASCA spectra show that the soft (kT<= 2.5 keV) X-rays are of thermal origin and are compatible with W51C being a single, isothermal (kT~0.3 keV) supernova remnant at the far-side of the Sagittarius arm. The ASCA images reveal hard (kT>=2.5 keV) X-ray sources which were not seen in previous X-ray observations. Some of these sources are coincident with massive star-forming regions and the spectra are used to derive X-ray parameters. By comparing the X-ray absorbing column density with atomic hydrogen column density, we infer the location of star-forming regions relative to molecular clouds. There are unidentified hard X-ray sources superposed on the supernova remnant and we discuss the possibility of their association.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures, to be published in Astronomical Journa

Treatment of alkaline water to render it suitable for reeling silk

This article does not have an abstract

Investigations on the rôle of organic matter in plant nutrition. Part IX. Oxidation of organic matter in the soil and plant assimilation

1. The organic carbon contents of a number of tropical soils (from India, Burma and Ceylon) were determined. It was found that most of them-including some which are reputed to be fertile-are poor in that constituent as compared with the soils of temperate regions. 2. When a manure is applied to a soil (under tropical conditions), the increased benefit to the crop is more due to the decomposition of the added material than to greater availability of the original organic matter of the soil. The carbon content is not a correct measure of the possible availability of a manure. Addition of minerals may increase or depress the beneficial effects that may be derived through application of organic manures. 3. Treatment with minute quantities of chemical oxidisers such as permanganate, hydrogen peroxide or ferric oxide helps to increase the availability of the organic matter of the soil. In the case of barley, the effect is best seen if the seeds are sown shortly after the treatment. In the course of three weeks, the dry weights of seedlings are increased by over 50 per cent. 4. It has been shown that plants receiving a useful supply of farmyard manure (10 tons) can grow, at any rate in the early stages, independent of atmospheric carbon dioxide. The dry weights of seedlings receiving CO2-free air were of the same order as those receiving ordinary air. 5. The significance of the foregoing and other observations has been discussed

Investigations on the rôle of organic matter in plant nutrition. Part I. Some chemical aspects of the oxidation of soil organic matter

This article does not have an abstract

Crude common salt as a fairly good source of dietry calcium in the case of South Indians

This article does not have an abstract

Can Baryonic Features Produce the Observed 100 Mpc Clustering?

We assess the possibility that baryonic acoustic oscillations in adiabatic models may explain the observations of excess power in large-scale structure on 100h^-1 Mpc scales. The observed location restricts models to two extreme areas of parameter space. In either case, the baryon fraction must be large (Omega_b/Omega_0 > 0.3) to yield significant features. The first region requires Omega_0 < 0.2h to match the location, implying large blue tilts (n>1.4) to satisfy cluster abundance constraints. The power spectrum also continues to rise toward larger scales in these models. The second region requires Omega_0 near 1, implying Omega_b well out of the range of big bang nucleosynthesis constraints; moreover, the peak is noticeably wider than the observations suggest. Testable features of both solutions are that they require moderate reionization and thereby generate potentially observable (about 1 uK) large-angle polarization, as well as sub-arc-minute temperature fluctuations. In short, baryonic features in adiabatic models may explain the observed excess only if currently favored determinations of cosmological parameters are in substantial error or if present surveys do not represent a fair sample of 100h^-1 Mpc structures.Comment: LaTeX, 7 pages, 5 Postscript figures, submitted to ApJ Letter