Studi perbandingan antara poster Rokok Sampoerna yang menonjolkan headline dengan yang tidak menonjolkan headline

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui sejauh mana daya tarik serta perhatian masyarakat terhadap kedua contoh poster Rokok Sampoerna tersebut. Pada dasarnya headline merupakan isi dan jiwa suatu bentuk iklan, pada poster tentang masalah lay out serta pemilihan letter, ilustrasi juga dilihat secara komposisi sangat menarik sehingga poster Rokok Sampoerna yang tidak menonjolkan headline kurang mampu menarik perhatian pembaca, dan yang menampilkan headline lebih menonjol akan menarik perhatian pembaca

Effects of chromium supplementation on early lactation performance of Holstein cows

International audienc

Pengaturan Otonomi Daerah Menurut Pasal 18 Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 dan Implementasinya (Regulating Regional Autonomy in Accordance with Article 18 of the 1945 Constitution and its Implementation)

ABSTRACTThis thesis entitled “Regional Autonomy in Accordance with Article 18 of the 1945 Constitution and its Implementation” As a state, the 1945 constitution is a place or means by which the state’s structur is established and which way the country will be directed to. According to Article 18 of 1945 Constitution, the State is divided into provinces and each province is further divided into regencies and cities. This provision the existence government territory as stated in both the article and in its explanation. As the legal basis, what is in these provisions still require futher implementing regulations or legislation. Among the legislations required by the Article 18 is Law No. 22/1999 on Regional Government, hereinafter known as the Decentralization Law. This law embraces the regulation of broad autonomy with emphasis on regencies and cities. However, it turns out in terms of implementation, this law raises a variety of issues among others, in the coordination of development so that the will of the aspiration among improving welfare and drawing closer to society has not been accomplished yet.Following the 1945 Constitution, as Article 18 ws further ammended, it gave birth to new legislation in lieu of Law No. 22/1999 i.e Law No. 32/2004. According to the consideration, this Law appeared as a substiute to the previous legislation no longer compatible wiht the demands and the progress of society in various field of development. The autonomy regulations adopted are broad autonom regions. In the implementation of this law, it also turned out to couse many problems such as there is a tendency of recentralization of government.Keyword 1945 Constitution Local Government and Regional Autnomy.2ABSTRAKTesis ini berjudul “ Pengaturan Otonomi Daerah Menurut Pasal 18 Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 dan Implementasinya”. Sebagai negara yang mendasar diri dan mengakui bahwa Undang-Undang Dasar 194 adalah tempat atau sarana dimana negara dengan strukturnya yang ada diatur dan kearah mana negara itu akan di bangun. Menurut Pasal 18 Undang-Undang Dasar 1945, Negara dibagi menjadi propinsi dan tiap-tiap propinsi dibagi menjadi kabupaten dan kota. Ketentuan ini mengatur tentang keberadaan pemerintahan daerah sebagaimana yang tertera baik dalam batang tubuhnya maunpun dalam penjelasannya. Sebagai hukum dasar apa yang ada dalam ketentuan tersebut masih memerlukan peraturan pelaksanaan lebih lanjut atau undang-undang organiknya. Diantara undang-undang yang dikehendaki oleh Pasal 18 tersebut adalah Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 1999 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah yang selanjutnya dikenal dengan Undang-Undang Desentralisasi. Undang-Undang ini menganut ajaran Otonomi yang luas dengan titik berat daerah kabupaten dan kota. Namun ternyata dalam tataran implementasi undang-undang ini menimbulkan berbagai persoalan yang muncul, antara lain dalam koordinasi pembangunan sehingga kehendak yang dicita-citakan antara lain mensejahterakan dan mendekatkan diri kepada masyarakat belum dapat terlaksana dengan baik.Menyusul adanya amademen UUD 1945, Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 1999 itupun di ganti. Setelah adanya amandemen atau perubahan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945, dimana Pasal 18 lebih disempurnakan maka lahirlah Undang-undang yang baru sebagai pengganti Undang-undang Nomor 22 Tahun 1999 yaitu Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2004. Menurut konsiderans undang-undang ini muncul sebagai pengganti undang-undang yang lama yang tidak sesuai lagi dengan tuntutan dan kemajuan masyarakat di berbagai bidang pembangunan. Ajaran Otonomi yang dianut adalah Otonomi Daerah yang seluas-luasnya. Dalam implementasinya ternyata UU ini menimbulkan berbagai persoalan juga, diantaranya ada kecenderungan resentralisasi pemerintahan.Kata Kunci : UUD 1945, berita, harian regional, terkini ,Pemerintah Daerah dan Otonomi Daerah

Metabolic Responses of Periparturient Holstein Cows and Heifers Supplemented with Chromium Picolinate1

© 2004 American Registry of Professional Animal Scientists Thirty-four Holstein cows, 18 primiparous and 16 multiparous, were used to determine the effects of supplemental Cr on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism during the transition period. From approximately 3 wk prior to anticipated calving date until parturition, Cr-treated cows were given 51 mg Cr picolinate via a gelatin capsule bolus three times weekly, equivalent to an average daily intake of approximately 2 ppm Cr. Control cows were given empty gelatin capsules. All cows were fed total mixed rations, with one ration fed to dry cows, a second to lactating cows for wk 1 of postpartum (transition), and a third to lactating cows thereafter. Blood samples were collected via jugular venipuncture at 1, 2, and 3 wk prior to anticipated calving date as well as immediately following calving, 3 d post calving, and 1, 2, and 3 wk post calving. Samples were analyzed for glucose, insulin, and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA). Within 1 wk prior to calving, a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed, and blood plasma samples were analyzed for concentrations of glucose and insulin. Plasma glucose response to the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test was evaluated by calculating the half-life and fractional turnover rate for the period from 2 to 19 min after glucose infusion. Supplemental Cr did not affect circulating concentrations of glucose, insulin, or NEFA (P\u3e0.1). Plasma NEFA concentrations were greater in primiparous cows (P\u3c0.01) throughout the experiment, with the difference being most apparent during the 3 wk postpartum. Glucose concentrations reached a greater peak at time of calving in primiparous cows than in multiparous cows (P=0.07). There was an increase in glucose clearance rate (P=0.06) and a trend toward decreased glucose half-life (P\u3c0.1) in primiparous cows supplemented with Cr. Insulin peak concentrations were unaffected by treatment or parity (P\u3e0.1). Data suggest that Cr supplementation may alter carbohydrate metabolism in primiparous cows during the transition period