Dual boundary element analysis of edge cracked structures

For elastostatics problems in general, the displacement boundary integral equation (BIE) has been used with a great deal of success. For elastostatics problems involving a crack, however, the displacement BIE alone is not sufficient in a single region formulation. This is because the two crack boundaries occupy exactly the same position leading to degeneracy in the description of the problem. This difficulty can be overcome by using the so-called traction boundary integral equation on one of the crack boundaries, while the displacement BIE is used on the other crack boundary, and on the outer boundary. This allows one to formulate the entire problem in a single region analysis, generally referred to as the dual boundary integral equation formulation. The present work deals with 2D structures containing a surface breaking crack. The boundary of the structure is discretized into a number of elements; depending on the type, each element is described by a number of nodes. The dual BIE is formed into a system of linear equations by collocation at all the nodes. The crack tip stress intensity factors and the crack growth parameters are calculated. One of the main challenges in Boundary Elements is dealing with fundamental solutions containing mathematical singularities. The displacement BIE contains strongly singular fundamental solutions, while the traction BIE contains fundamental solutions which are even more strongly singular (or hypersingular) in nature. These singular (and hypersingular) integrals have to be evaluated in a special manner, which places some restrictions on the order of continuity of the displacements and tractions on the boundary, as well as on the smoothness of the boundary. These considerations are taken care of during the modeling process. A Green\u27s function library has been implemented whereby a portion of the discretized Green\u27s function is saved, and is used later to reduce the computation time. An interactive Graphical User Interface serves as a front-end to the utility developed. Together with the ability to interactively change the crack geometry and pose What if? questions, this work provides a powerful tool in fracture mechanics

The μ\mu-τ\tau mixed symmetry and neutrino mass matrix

We propose an elegant neutrino mass matrix texture entitled $\mu$-$\tau$ mixed symmetry highlighting two simple correlations among its elements and a detailed analysis is carried out to see its phenomenological implications. The proposed texture is motivated in the framework of Seesaw mechanism in association with $A_4$ symmetr

Two New μ−τ\mu-\tau Deviated Neutrino Mass Matrix Textures

We propose two new neutrino mass matrix textures deviating from $\mu-\tau$ symmetry and explore their phenomenological implications. Both textures predict $\theta_{23}$ and $\delta$ within sharp bounds while considering both normal and inverted ordering of neutrino masses. We try to realize these proposed textures within the framework of the seesaw mechanism, in association with the $SU(2)_L \times A_4 \times Z_3$ symmetry group

Exploring Exponential Parametrization of Neutrino Mass Matrix

We explore the exponential parameterization of the Majorana neutrino mass matrix texture. In this regard, the elements of the mass matrix are expressed in terms of their absolute values and arguments. We propose a neutrino mass matrix texture that highlights four correlations among its elements. The mixing scheme obtained from the proposed texture is consistent with experimental observations. In addition, we derive the proposed texture from the $SU(2)_L \times U(1)_Y \times A_4 \times Z_{10}$ group in the light of the seesaw mechanism

New-onset hyperglycemia: a potential clue to detect early pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma has an incidence rate nearly equal to the mortality rate and this is mostly due to late symptom onset and diagnosis. Evidence has indicated that new-onset diabetes may be a manifestation of occult pancreatic carcinoma. Authors report the case of a young female who presented with new-onset severe hyperglycemia and superficial thrombophlebitis. She was subsequently diagnosed with pancreatic cancer confirmed by histopathology. Her glycemic status evaluated 6 months prior to her presentation during institutional health check-up was entirely normal. This case report will serve to emphasize that new-onset diabetes in certain patients could be a presenting feature of pancreatic cancer.Pancreatic adenocarcinoma has an incidence rate nearly equal to the mortality rate and this is mostly due to late onset of symptoms and delay in diagnosis. Early diagnosis of this cancer gives the opportunity for total resection of pancreas and creates hope for a full recovery. Compelling evidence now indicates that new-onset diabetes may be a manifestation of occult pancreatic carcinoma. Authors report a young female who presented with new-onset severe hyperglycemia and superficial thrombophlebitis. She was subse­quently diagnosed with pancreatic cancer confirmed by histopathology. Her glycemic status evaluated 6 months prior to her presentation during institutional health check-up was entirely normal. This case report will serve to emphasize that new-onset diabetes in certain patients could be a presenting feature of pancreatic cancer. (Clin Diabetol 2017; 6, 3: 115–117