17 research outputs found
Fortification of Salt with Iron and Iodine to Control Anaemia and Goitre: Development of a New Formula with Good Stability and Bioavailability of Iron and Iodine
Paleoproterozoic Boninite-Like Rocks in an Intracratonic Setting from Northern Bastar Craton, Central India by D.V. Subba Rao, V. Balaram, K. Naga Raju and D.N. Sridhar. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, v.72, 2008, pp.373–380
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Not AvailableImproved understanding of the process of carbon (C) stabilization is critical to managing emissions fromagricultural soils and optimizing crop yield. We assessed soil organic C (SOC) stability and nitrogen (N)dynamics in a long-term fertilization experiment (started in 1972) conducted at three different locationsin India (Jabalpur-Vertisol, Palampur-Alfisol and Ranchi-Alfisol). We measured soil organic C (SOC), Cpools and stocks in the treatments of no fertilization as control, inorganic fertilization as NPK and inte-grated fertilization as NPK + farm yard manure (FYM). Quantification of different SOC pools was done bya procedure of acid hydrolysis followed by a long-term (247 days) incubation study. Based on crop yieldand C storage, NPK + FYM was the best treatment for improving crop productivity and SOC sequestration.Integrated fertilization for 38 years increased SOC across sites. In the NPK treatment, additional C input(3–9 times higher) in the form of root biomass did not significantly change C pools. Application of FYMin addition to NPK enhanced the acid non-hydrolysable fraction of SOC across sites. Stability of SOC sig-nificantly influenced N dynamics in soil and the availability of N in soil is correlated with the amount ofC in the acid-hydrolysable pool (R2= 0.64, p = 0.01) but not with SOC (R2= 0.12, p = 0.01). Long-term useof chemical fertilizers did not significantly affect soil total N content.Not Availabl
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Not AvailableGlobal climate change is anticipated to have a tremendous influence on crop productivity and nutrient
cycling in legume-based cropping systems. The effect of long-term application of manure and fertilizers
on the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) pools and soil physical properties was studied in a soybean
(Glycine max Merr. L)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) system. The temperature sensitivity of C pools and
the alterations in microbial composition were determined at 25, 35, and 45 â—¦C. Higher levels of microbial
biomass C (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN), water soluble carbon (WSC), acid hydrolysable carbohydrates
(AHC), particulate organic matter carbon (POMC) and nitrogen (POMN) were observed in the NPK + FYM at
a depth of 0–15 cm. Irrespective of the treatment, micro aggregates (53–250 m) were a major aggregate
size class, comprising 45–57% of the total soil aggregates, followed by macro aggregates (250–2000 m
at 37.8–45%). Microbial respiration rate increased by 13.9% in most recalcitrant pools (<53 m) at 45 ◦C
than at 25 ◦C. Furthermore, data on labile C (A0) revealed a 4.9–55.4% increase in the substrate pools
and a 10.5–32.5% increase in mineralization rate (k) with these treatments at 25–45 ◦C in 250–2000 m
aggregates. AHC and POMC content decreased by 23–37% and 12–23% of SOC, respectively, when the
temperature was raised from 25 to 45 â—¦C. It is concluded the gradual depletion of nutrients, structural
degradation and changes in microbial composition might have collectively contributed to the decline
in crop yields. It was suggested that temperature has a strong effect on C mineralization, depending on
the types and extents of substrate utilization. Seasonal rainfall, maximum and minimum temperature
and SOC had jointly explained 12–41% of variation in soybean production in NP, NPK and NPK + FYM
treatments. However, balanced use of NPK plus FYM is an important management option to arrest the
decline of crop yield.Not Availabl