Local distribution and abundance of swimming crabs (Callinectes spp. and Arenaeus cribrarius) on a tropical arid beach

Distribution, abundance, and several population features were studied in Ensenada de La Vela (Venezuela) between 1993 and 1998 as a first step in the assessment of local fisheries of swimming crabs. Arenaeus cribrarius was the most abundant species at the marine foreshore. Callinectes danae prevailed at the estuarine location. Callinectes bocourti was the most abundant species at the offshore. Abundances of A. cribrarius and C. danae fluctuated widely and randomly. Ovigerous females were almost absent. Adults of several species were smaller than previously reported. This study suggests that fisheries based on these swimming crabs probably will be restricted to an artisanal level because abundances appear too low to support industrial exploitation

Regulation of pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory cytokines during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition associated to the metastatic progression of breast and lung tumor cells.

Even though epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) existence in cancer epithelial cells has been a topic of debate for a long time, it is now widely accepted that cancer cells undergo EMT-like changes, which are tightly regulated in time and space and endow cells with intrinsically enhanced invasive and survival capacities that might favor metastatic dissemination. Clinical observations showing that presence of EMT markers relates to a high histological grade, presence of lymph node metastasis and chemoresistance are corroborated by animal models and in vitro data demonstrating a role for EMT in invasion and intravasation. Nevertheless, although signaling cascades triggering EMT have been extensively studied, the impact of EMT on the crosstalk between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment remains elusive. Metastatic dissemination indeed largely relies on tumor-stroma interactions. Tumor cells can secrete numerous soluble factors such as cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, some of which have been described as upregulated in cancer progression, even though the mechanisms of such an overexpression remain unclear. During this thesis, we aimed at characterizing the impact of EMT on the tumor-stroma crosstalk. Using in vitro models of cell lines inducible for EMT, we identified five EMT-induced soluble factors: Interleukin 8 (IL-8), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble form of InterCellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (sICAM-1), Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and Granulocyte Monocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF). These factors are partially regulated by Snail even though other transcription factors are most likely involved. We further demonstrated that EMT-derived soluble factors are pro-angiogenic. Finally, our preliminary data suggest that conditioned medium from EMT-positive cells stimulates the recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). Taken together, our results show that EMT programs trigger the expression of soluble mediators in breast and lung cancer cells that stimulate angiogenesis and recruit MDSCs, which might in turn favor metastatic dissemination

CMOS-3D smart imager architectures for feature detection

This paper reports a multi-layered smart image sensor architecture for feature extraction based on detection of interest points. The architecture is conceived for 3-D integrated circuit technologies consisting of two layers (tiers) plus memory. The top tier includes sensing and processing circuitry aimed to perform Gaussian filtering and generate Gaussian pyramids in fully concurrent way. The circuitry in this tier operates in mixed-signal domain. It embeds in-pixel correlated double sampling, a switched-capacitor network for Gaussian pyramid generation, analog memories and a comparator for in-pixel analog-to-digital conversion. This tier can be further split into two for improved resolution; one containing the sensors and another containing a capacitor per sensor plus the mixed-signal processing circuitry. Regarding the bottom tier, it embeds digital circuitry entitled for the calculation of Harris, Hessian, and difference-of-Gaussian detectors. The overall system can hence be configured by the user to detect interest points by using the algorithm out of these three better suited to practical applications. The paper describes the different kind of algorithms featured and the circuitry employed at top and bottom tiers. The Gaussian pyramid is implemented with a switched-capacitor network in less than 50 μs, outperforming more conventional solutions.Xunta de Galicia 10PXIB206037PRMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación TEC2009-12686, IPT-2011-1625-430000Office of Naval Research N00014111031

Hacia una educación inclusiva en la Universidad Militar Nueva Granada

113 págiasEl presente trabajo de investigación pretendió Analizar el alcance que ha tenido la Política de Educación Inclusiva de la UMNG en cuanto a las prácticas pedagógicas en el aula de clase, la cultura institucional y la apropiación de la misma, a partir de allí, generar estrategias que fortalecieran un plan de acción en apoyo a la política para el año 2023. Para dicho fin, se realizó un contraste entre las percepciones de este grupo poblacional frente a este documento y el grado de apropiación de los docentes de pregrado frente a su práctica pedagógica. Esta investigación fue de enfoque mixto el cual respondió al análisis de una situación particular, cuyo fin no terminó en la recolección de datos sino de la descripción, identificación y formulación de un plan de acción que permitió generar estrategias de apoyo a la política inclusiva de la UMNG. La recolección de información se realizó por medio de una encuesta la cual fue contestada por 49 docentes y 30 estudiantes a quienes se les pregunto alrededor de tres categorías de análisis la primera datos sociodemográficos, su conocimiento de la política de inclusión, prácticas pedagógicas, y la cultura institucional. Este instrumento se realizó en la plataforma Google Forms con preguntas de escala nominal con respuesta única de SI o NO, las cuales se organizaron primero con las preguntas sociodemográficas, seguido de la categoría política institucional inclusiva, después frente a la cultura institucional de la UMNG y finalmente preguntas puntuales sobre la planeación, ejecución y evaluación de las prácticas pedagógicas en el aula de clase; de este modo fueron 25 preguntas para los docentes y 19 para los estudiantes.The purpose of this research work was to analyze the scope of the UMNG Inclusive Education Policy in terms of pedagogical practices in the classroom, institutional culture and its appropriation, and from there, to generate strategies to strengthen an action plan to support the policy for the year 2023. To this end, a contrast was made between the perceptions of this population group regarding this document and the degree of appropriation of undergraduate teachers regarding their pedagogical practice. This research was of mixed approach which responded to the analysis of a particular situation, whose purpose was not the collection of data but the description, identification and formulation of an action plan that allowed the generation of strategies to support the inclusive policy of the UMNG. The collection of information was done through a survey which was answered by 49 teachers and 30 students who were asked about three categories of analysis: sociodemographic data, their knowledge of the inclusion policy, pedagogical practices, and institutional culture. This instrument was made on the Google Forms platform with nominal scale questions with a single answer of YES or NO, which were organized first with the sociodemographic questions, followed by the category of inclusive institutional policy, then the institutional culture of the UMNG and finally specific questions about the planning, implementation and evaluation of pedagogical practices in the classroom; thus there were 25 questions for teachers and 19 for students. The results of this research showed that both teachers and students surveyed are not aware of the inclusion policy of the Universidad Militar Nueva Granada; therefore, they do not have access to many of the activities carried out by the UMNG for training, qualification and access to different services. It was also found that in the classroom there are shortcomings in the aspect of implementation and evaluation, as these still fall short to meet the needs of the inclusive and intercultural population of the UMNG.Maestría en Dirección y Gestión de Instituciones EducativasMagíster en Dirección y Gestión de Instituciones Educativa

Good practices in virtual higher education based on specifications for e-Learning standards

Actualmente se están ofreciendo cursos libres, programas académicos completos y universidades parcial y totalmente virtuales, lo que evidencia un aumento en la oferta y en la cobertura en la educación superior. Con el crecimiento, surgen nuevas necesidades emanadas de los cuestionamientos sobre la calidad de la educación, que depende de muchos factores, como por ejemplo, de la normalización de los espacios académicos on-line o virtuales. En esta investigación se propuso la creación de un conjunto de especificaciones técnicas, administrativas, comunicativas y pedagógicas, para el mejoramiento de la formación virtual en la Universidad del Quindío, que sirva como referencia de buenas prácticas para el docente universitario. En este proceso, se recogieron experiencias significativas y se construyó una propuesta a la luz de las categorías, creadas por organismos internacionales especializados en estándares. Con ello, se iniciaron procesos de normalización, los cuales contribuyen al fortalecimiento de la calidad de la educación.Free courses, full academic programs, and partially and totally virtual universities are now offered, which shows an increase in the offer and coverage in higher education. With growth, new needs emerge from questions about the quality of education, which depends on many factors; for example, the standardization of online or virtual academic spaces. This research proposed the creation of a set of technical, administrative, communicative and pedagogical specifications to improve virtual training at the University of Quindío, which serves as a reference for good practices for university teachers. In this process, significant experiences were collected and, as a final result, a proposal was built in the light of categories created by international organizations specialized in standards. This led to standardization processes, which contribute to the strengthening of the quality of education

Búsqueda de la familia extensa en el proceso de adopción como protección a los derechos de los niños

Dentro de la presente investigación se tiene como punto focal el análisis sobre la adopción y la problemática que se tiene en la no notificación de la familia extensa, en los casos de restablecimiento de derechos de los menores de edad, esta situación se da cuando los niños niñas y adolescentes (en adelante NNA) estén en peligro, transgresión y/o abandono ya sea por la falta de sus padres o la negligencia de estos para con sus hijos, de ahí que hay diferentes procedimientos administrativos y como medida final se tiene la adopción, en referencia a lo anterior este procedimiento se hace a cargo del Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar – ICBF, donde determina frente a los protocolos de adopción y de acuerdo al Código de Infancia y Adolescencia la forma en que se restablecen los derechos de los menores. Acorde a lo anterior, se abordará un tipo de investigación básica que se desarrolla a partir de un análisis de tipo jurídico descriptivo, orientado a la solución de la problemática estudiada, que radica sobre la adopción y la uniformidad en los métodos de recuperación de derechos, por cuanto la Corte Constitucional ha determinado que antes de iniciar un procedimiento de adopción es necesario que se cuente con un equipo multidisciplinario y por ende notificar a la familia extensa sobre el procedimiento del menor.Within the present investigation, the focal point is the analysis of adoption and the problems that exist in the non-notification of the extended family, in cases of reestablishment of rights of minors, this situation occurs when children girls and adolescents (hereinafter NNA) are in danger, 8 transgression and / or abandonment either due to the lack of their parents or the negligence of these towards their children, hence there are different administrative procedures and as a final measure there is the adoption In reference tú te abobe, thais procederé es carriel auto y te Colombiano Instituto of Familia Befare - ICBF, share ir determines aginas te adopción protocolos and acordina tú te Coda of Childhood and Adolescence the way in which the rights of minors are restored. In accordance with the above, a type of basic research will be addressed that is developed from an analysis of a descriptive legal type, oriented to the solution of the problem studied, which lies in the adoption and uniformity in the methods of recovery of rights, because the Constitutional Court has determined that before starting an adoption procedure it is necessary to have a multidisciplinary team and therefore notify the extended family about the minor's procedure.1. Problema de investigación. -- 1.1 planteamiento del problema. -- 2. Objetivos. -- 2.1 objetivo general. -- 2.2 objetivos específicos. -- 3. Justificación. -- 4. Marco de referencia. -- 4.1 estado del arte o antecedentes investigativos. -- 4.1.1 fundamentos normativos y el interés superior. -- 4.1.2 lineamientos teóricos de la adopción. -- 4.1.3 problemáticas en el proceso de adopción. -- 5. Metodología. -- 5.1 tipo de investigación. -- 5.2. Fuentes de la investigación. -- 5.2.1 fuentes primarias. -- 5.2.2 secundarias. -- 5.3 técnicas de recolección de información. -- 6. Estructura capitular. -- Capítulo i. -- 6.1 prevalencia del interés superior en el proceso de adopción. -- 6.1.1 antecedentes del principio de interés superior. -- 6.1.1.1 antecedentes internacionales. -- 6.1.1.2 antecedentes nacionales. -- 6.1.2 principio de interés superior en el proceso de adopción. -- Capítulo ii. -- 6.2 marco normativo nacional de la adopción. -- 6.2.1 marco normativo de la adopción. -- 6.2.2 proceso administrativo de adopción. -- 6.2.2.1 restablecimiento de derechos. -- 6.2.2.2 procedimiento de adopción. -- Capítulo iii. -- 6.3 derecho de los menores a conocer su familia extensa frente al Derecho de tener una familia. -- Analisis de los resultados. -- Conclusiones. -- Bibliografía. -- Anexos

TGFBR2-dependent alterations of exosomal cargo and functions in DNA mismatch repair-deficient HCT116 colorectal cancer cells

Background: Colorectal cancers (CRCs) that lack DNA mismatch repair function exhibit the microsatellite unstable (MSI) phenotype and are characterized by the accumulation of frameshift mutations at short repetitive DNA sequences (microsatellites). These tumors recurrently show inactivating frameshift mutations in the tumor suppressor Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor Type 2 (TGFBR2) thereby abrogating downstream signaling. How altered TGFBR2 signaling affects exosome-mediated communication between MSI tumor cells and their environment has not been resolved. Here, we report on molecular alterations of exosomes shed by MSI cells and the biological response evoked in recipient cells. Methods: Exosomes were isolated and characterized by electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking, and western blot analysis. TGFBR2-dependent effects on the cargo and functions of exosomes were studied in a MSI CRC model cell line enabling reconstituted and inducible TGFBR2 expression and signaling. Microsatellite frameshift mutations in exosomal and cellular DNA were examined by PCR-based DNA fragment analysis and exosomal protein profiles were identified by mass spectrometry. Uptake of fluorescent-labeled exosomes by hepatoma recipient cells was monitored by confocal microscopy. TGFBR2-dependent exosomal effects on secreted cytokine levels of recipient cells were analyzed by Luminex technology and ELISA. Results: Frameshift mutation patterns in microsatellite stretches of TGFBR2 and other MSI target genes were found to be reflected in the cargo of MSI CRC-derived exosomes. At the proteome level, reconstituted TGFBR2 expression and signaling uncovered two protein subsets exclusively occurring in exosomes derived from TGFBR2-deficient (14 proteins) or TGFBR2-proficient (five proteins) MSI donor cells. Uptake of these exosomes by recipient cells caused increased secretion (2–6 fold) of specific cytokines (Interleukin-4, Stem Cell Factor, Platelet-derived Growth Factor-B), depending on the TGFBR2 expression status of the tumor cell. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the coding MSI phenotype of DNA mismatch repair-deficient CRC cells is maintained in their exosomal DNA. Moreover, we uncovered that a recurrent MSI tumor driver mutation like TGFBR2 can reprogram the protein content of MSI cell-derived exosomes and in turn modulate the cytokine secretion profile of recipient cells. Apart from its diagnostic potential, these TGFBR2-dependent exosomal molecular and proteomic signatures might help to understand the signaling routes used by MSI tumors. Graphical Abstract Fricke et al. uncovered coding microsatellite instability-associated mutations of colorectal tumor driver genes like TGFBR2 in MSI tumor cellderived exosomes. Depending on the TGFBR2 expression status of their donor cells, shed exosomes show distinct proteomic signatures and promote altered cytokine secretion profiles in recipient cells

Learning the additive and multiplicative set of integers with the assistance of virtual learning objects

El presente artículo sintetiza una investigación llevada a cabo con estudiantes de grado séptimo de la I.E. CASD de la ciudad de Armenia (Q), sobre el aprendizaje del sistema aditivo y multiplicativo de los números enteros, mediante Objetos Virtuales de Aprendizaje (OVA), y la transformación de las unidades de aprendizaje a los objetos aprendizaje, los cuales sirven como eje motivador para el desarrollo de las clases. Para ello, se parte de un conjunto de estrategias metodológicas propias de la Educación matemática, las cuales abordan el concepto matemático, hasta llegar al aprendizaje del objeto de estudio, a través del trabajo colaborativo que permite la mediación tecnológica como una base para la construcción del conocimiento, desde la interacción del estudiante con la herramienta virtual, lo que se convierte en una estrategia que permite fortalecer  el aprendizaje.En este sentido, mediante una adecuación, innovación e implementación de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en los objetos de aprendizaje, se espera que los estudiantes adquieran las competencias matemáticas establecidas por el Ministerio de Educación Nacional (MEN); desde el concepto del sistema aditivo y multiplicativo en el marco teórico de los campos conceptuales  de Vergnaud. A partir  de la información obtenida, se diseñan los  OVA del sistema aditivo y multiplicativo de los números enteros de tal manera  que sean  de fácil acceso, interoperable y reusable. This article summarizes a research conducted with seventh grade students of the E.I. CASD in the city of Armenia (Q), about the learning of the additive and multiplicative system of the integer numbers through Virtual Learning Objects (VLO). Also it shows the transformation of the learning units to the learning objects, which serves as a motivator axis for the development of classes. Recognizing that mathematics education is constantly changing, the starting point is a set of methodological strategies to address the object of study, until reaching the learning of the object of study through a technological mediation, which became a strategy that allows us to reduce learning difficulties. In this sense, an adaptation, innovation and implementation of information technology and communication in the learning objects, students are expected to acquire the math skills established by the Ministry of National Education (MEN); from concept additive and multiplicative system in the theoretical framework of Vergnaud conceptual fields. From the information obtained, are designed OVA additive and multiplicative systems of integers so as to be easily accessible, interoperable and reusable

Web Visor – MarSP Atlas report. Deliverable - D.6.10., under the WP6 of MarSP: Macaronesian Maritime Spatial Planning project

Macaronesian Maritime Spatial Planning - MarSPMAMAR-S

Sistema de Regulación y Participación en Fiscalización Ambiental (SIREFA) para enfrentar la reducida participación ciudadana en el proceso de producción normativa del Organismo de Evaluación y Fiscalización Ambiental - OEFA

El trabajo de investigación identifica un problema público que surge por una reducida participación ciudadana en la emisión de observaciones, comentarios o sugerencias a los proyectos normativos elaborados por el Organismo de Evaluación y Fiscalización Ambiental - OEFA debido a que, durante el período del 2016 al 2019 se ha evidenciado que el número de participantes efectivos no supera ni el 1 % de los participantes potenciales (administrados del OEFA y EFA de nivel nacional, regional y local). Entre las principales causas del problema público identificado se encuentra la ausencia de procedimientos claros y específicos, la falta de conocimiento sobre las oportunidades para participar, así como una débil promoción de los procesos de participación toda vez que, la ciudadanía interesada en temas de fiscalización ambiental no cuenta con los canales idóneos ni recibe de manera oportuna la información pertinente que les garantice su derecho constitucional a la participación. Para solucionar este problema público se propone el diseño, creación e implementación de un Sistema de Regulación y Participación en Fiscalización Ambiental (SIREFA), la cual elevaría la participación ciudadana en la emisión de observaciones, comentarios o sugerencias a los proyectos normativos elaborados por el OEFA. Este sistema es una herramienta tecnológica intuitiva que cuenta con cuatro (4) componentes que le permite, tanto a las y los usuarios internos (servidores(as) civiles del OEFA), así como a las y los usuarios externos (ciudadanía en general), acceder a los textos en formato editable de los proyectos normativos y realizar los aportes pertinentes, de manera fácil y rápida, generando de esta forma, buenas prácticas de gestión pública en la categoría consulta y participación ciudadana, al constituirse en una de las primeras plataformas de su naturaleza en América Latina y El Caribe. El prototipo del SIREFA es un proyecto viable en su desarrollo e implementación toda vez que, garantiza el derecho a la participación de la ciudadanía y, al mismo tiempo, se ha justificado que el SIREFA contaría con viabilidad, deseabilidad y factibilidad debido a que, la propuesta se alinea al planeamiento estratégico de la entidad para la mejora normativa y digitalización; y sobre todo se construye sobre las experiencias de optimización de los procesos digitales para la participación de actores clave de sus procesos.The research work identifies a public problem that arises from a reduced citizen participation in the issuance of observations, comments or suggestions to the normative projects prepared by the Environmental Assessment and Enforcement Agency - OEFA because, during the period from 2016 to 2019 the number of effective participants does not exceed 1 % of potential participants. Among the main causes of the identified public problem is the absence of clear and specific procedures, the lack of knowledge about the opportunities to participate, as well as a weak promotion of the participation processes, since the citizens interested in environmental enforcement issues do not have the appropriate channels nor do them receive in a timely manner the pertinent information that guarantees its constitutional right to participation. To solve this public problem, the design, creation and implementation of a System of Regulation and Participation in Environmental Enforcement (SIREFA) is proposed, which would increase citizen participation in the issuance of observations, comments or suggestions to the normative projects prepared by the OEFA. This system is an intuitive technological tool that has four (4) components that allow internal as well as external users, to access the texts of the normative projects in editable format and allows them to register the observations, comments or pertinent suggestions, easily and quickly, thus generating good public management practices in the category of citizen consultation and participation, by becoming one of the first platforms of its kind in Latin America and the Caribbean. The SIREFA prototype is a viable project in its development and implementation since it guarantees the right to citizen participation, in a simple and fast way access to the texts of the normative projects, in editable format, justifying that the SIREFA has viability, desirability and feasibility because the proposal is aligned with the entity's strategic planning for regulatory improvement and digitization; and, above all, it is built on experiences of optimization of digital processes for the participation of key actors in their regulatory processes