LA PLAGA DEFOLIADORA Zadiprion falsus Smith EN LA SIERRA NORTE DE OAXACA, MÉXICO: ESTADO ACTUAL Y PERSPECTIVAS

In the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, many aspects of the biology and ecology of epidemic species are unknown, which leads to a greater ignorance about the combat and control techniques, in addition there are no specific data on the impact of defoliation on the trees that has been affected by a defoliating species Zadiprion falsus. This work was carried out with the aim of estimating the distribution and potential area of affectation of this species in the Sierra Norte de Oaxaca. For which ecological niche models were used using the MaxEnt algorithm, by using the Kernel density the ecological niche model was evaluated. It is estimated that the species has a potential impact on Pinus pseudostrobus in an area of 14,000 ha. It is necessary to propose an adequate strategy to reduce the affectations of said species, otherwise the degree of infection will affect more than 80% of the forest destined for forest exploitation.En el estado de Oaxaca, México, se desconocen muchos aspectos de la biología y ecología de especies epidémicas, lo que conlleva a un desconocimiento mayor sobre las técnicas de combate y control, además no existen datos específicos sobre el impacto de la defoliación en el arbolado que ha sido afectado por una especie defoliadora conocida como mosca sierra (Zadiprion falsus). Este trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de estimar la distribución y área potencial de afectación de esta especie en la Sierra Norte de Oaxaca. Para ello se obtuvieron modelos de nicho ecológico empleando el algoritmo MaxEnt, evaluados mediante el uso de la densidad de Kernel. Se estima que la especie tiene un potencial de afectación sobre Pinus pseudostrobus en un área de 14,000 ha. Es necesario plantear una estrategia adecuada para reducir las afectaciones de dicha especie, de lo contrario su grado de infección afectará más del 80% del bosque destinado al aprovechamiento forestal

Red de áreas prioritarias para la conservación de la biodiversidad del Eje Volcánico Transmexicano analizando su riqueza florística y variabilidad climática

El Eje Volcánico Transversal de México (EVT) es la zona donde se sobreponen las regiones Neártica y Neotropical, lo que ha contribuido para que ésta sea una de las zonas donde se concentra la mayor riqueza biológica del país. Con base en la riqueza florística (4 055 especies de plantas con semillas) de esta zona, los tipos de vegetación y variabilidad climática que la componen, se definen escenarios para definir redes de áreas prioritarias de conservación. Haciendo análisis de complementariedad metaheurísticos y considerando tres porcentajes (5%, 10% y 25%) de representación de atributos biológicos y ambientales, se definen nueve escenarios que sirven como base para delimitar áreas de conservación en el centro de México. Los escenarios definidos se comparan y analizan con las Áreas Naturales Protegidas y las Regiones Terrestres Prioritarias que han sido delimitadas dentro de la zona del Eje Volcánico Transversal de México. Se encontró que algunas zonas con mayor riqueza no se incluyen en ninguna de las áreas de conservación, lo que sugiere que es necesario reevaluar la función que estas áreas desempeñan en la protección de la biodiversidad a mediano y largo plazos

El liderazgo transformacional desde la perspectiva de la pedagogía humanista

La investigación tiene como propósito, generar una construcción teórica del liderazgo transformacional desde la perspectiva de la pedagogía humanista. La metodología se fundamenta en el paradigma cualitativo y se utilizó el método fenomenológico-hermenéutico. La selección de los cinco (5) informantes clave se realiza bajo el criterio de ser docente de educación superior, con una larga trayectoria en el ejercicio pedagógico y que estuvieran en concordancia con la pedagogía humanista. Para recabar la información se usó la entrevista a profundidad, de donde emergieron cinco categorías: docente universitario líder, pedagogía humanista, liderazgo, estudiante, educación superior y a su vez, cincuenta y nueve (59) subcategorías extraídas del discurso de los versionistas. Posteriormente, se realizó la interpretación de estas vivencias, saberes, anécdotas educativas con el soporte teórico del liderazgo transformacional y la pedagogía humanista. Desde la perspectiva axiológica, ontológica y teleológica, el factor común que radica en la excelencia de los docentes líderes humanistas es su apasionamiento al éxito de todos sus estudiantes. Finalmente, la aproximación teórica del liderazgo transformacional desde la perspectiva de la pedagogía humanista, brinda una alternativa a la educación superior en la búsqueda de nuevas maneras de formar a un ciudadano integral, ético, consciente y comprometido con su realidad social, enfatizando que el liderazgo transformacional promueve activamente el progreso para alcanzar propósitos de cambios conduciendo al bienestar personal, organizacional.//The purpose of the research was to generate a theoretical construction of transformational leadership from the perspective of humanist pedagogy. The methodology was based on the qualitative paradigm and the phenomenological-hermeneutical method was used. The selection of the five (5) key informants will be carried out under the criteria of being a teacher of higher education, with a long career in the pedagogical exercise and that were in accordance with humanist pedagogy. In order to gather the information, the in-depth interview was used, from which five categories emerged: leading university teacher, humanist pedagogy, leadership, student, higher education and in turn, fifty-nine (59) subcategories extracted from the versionists’ discourse. Subsequently, the interpretation of these experiences, knowledge, educational anecdotes was carried out with the theoretical support of transformational leadership and humanistic pedagogy. From the axiological, ontological and teleological perspective, the common factor that lies in the excellence of the leading humanist teachers is their passion for the success of all their students. Finally, the theoretical approach of transformational leadership from the perspective of humanist pedagogy, provides an alternative to higher education in the search for new ways to train an integral, ethical, conscious and committed citizen with their social reality, emphasizing that leadership Transformational actively promotes progress to achieve change purposes leading to personal, organizational well-being

Segregación de las mujeres en rubros tecnológicos

Gender inequality is a big problem in the labor dimension and has been present without eradicating society. Technological works, house a large number of maleness among its employees who mostly reject that women are being affected by this inconvenience. Studies show that companies worldwide have a high percentage of men in business, while the female population occupies only a minority in this position. In addition, salaries between men and women have historically made a big difference; Thus the wage gap is a related problem. Initially the question arises: why are women segregated from areas in technology areas? To answer the question, a descriptive study with qualitative methodology was carried out. In conclusion, it was obtained that companies must become aware of this problem in order to prevent the segregation of women from work and reduce (in order to eradicate) the large wage gap that stands out between men and women since the work done by women in their items is the same and even better than the work done by their male peers in the same companies.La desigualdad de género es un gran problema en la dimensión laboral y ha estado presente sin erradicarse de la sociedad. Trabajos tecnológicos, albergan una gran cantidad de machismo entre sus empleados que rechazan en su mayoría que la mujer está siendo afectada por este inconveniente. Estudios sujetan que las empresas a nivel mundial tienen un alto porcentaje de hombres en rubro, mientras que la población femenina no ocupa más que una minoría en este puesto. Además, los sueldos entre hombres y mujeres, históricamente, han tenido una gran diferencia; siendo así la brecha salarial un problema relacionado. Inicialmente surge la pregunta: ¿por qué las mujeres son segregadas de rubros en áreas de la tecnología? Para responder la pregunta, se realizó un estudio descriptivo con metodología cualitativa. Como conclusión se obtuvo que las empresas deben tomar conciencia sobre esta problemática para así impedir la segregación laboral de la mujer y disminuir (con fin de erradicar) la gran brecha salarial que destaca entre hombres y mujeres ya que el trabajo que realizan las mujeres en sus rubros es igual y aún mejor que el trabajo que realizan sus pares masculinos en las mismas empresas

Energy Properties of 22 Timber Species from Oaxaca, Mexico

The potential use of forest species as fuels depends on their energy quality. However, in rural communities in developing countries, fuelwood is still an energy source without any technical study evaluating its energetic characteristics. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the energetic characteristics of 22 forest species from four communities in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico. The basic wood density, proximal analysis, and high heating value were evaluated. As a result of the analysis, the fuel number (FN) is proposed as a measure of the energy quality of biomass fuels in the form of firewood. FN considers the basic wood density, the fixed carbon, and the high heating value of each species. Wood basic density ranged from 0.472 g·cm-3 for Pinus pseudostrobus to 0.814 g·cm-3 for Dodonaea viscosa, fixed carbon ranged from 4.74% to 21.27% for Liquidambar styraciflua and Quercus rugosa, respectively, and high heating value from 18.33 MJ·kg-1 to 22.07 MJ·kg-1 for Liquidambar styraciflua and Pinus leiophylla, respectively. Classifying wood according to FN, in decreasing order, Quercus rugosa stands out as the best wood (66.97%), followed by Liquidambar styraciflua (39.52%). Regarding the fuel value index, the nine pine species showed the highest values (27.32 to 77.76). The FN provides a measure of the quality of biomass fuels in the form of firewood, and can be evaluated by easily measured variables

Adult pattern of alcohol use as perceived by adolescents

Objetivo: Conocer la opinión de un grupo de adolescentes acerca del patrón de consumo de alcohol que muestran los/las adultos/as de su entorno social. Métodos: Investigación cualitativa fundamentada en Grounded Theory (Glaser y Strauss, 1967) con información obtenida mediante cinco grupos de discusión. Los/las participantes fueron seleccionados/as mediante muestreo teórico en la fase inicial y emergente del estudio, aplicando criterios maestros de selección fundamentados en la literatura previa. Se utilizaron criterios de heterogeneidad-homogeneidad en la composición de los grupos. Participaron 40 adolescentes de ambos sexos, entre 15 y 20 años de edad, pertenecientes a cuatro centros educativos de Sevilla. Resultados: Según los/las adolescentes entrevistados/as, el consumo de alcohol está normalizado entre las personas adultas, se vincula a actos de celebración, se orienta hacia la diversión e incluye el consumo abusivo e intensivo y la presencia de destilados. Los datos de los estudios recientes contradicen en parte la opinión de los/las adolescentes, pues muestran un patrón de consumo en las personas adultas asociado fundamentalmente al componente gastronómico y social de la bebida, con ingestas moderadas de cerveza y vino. Conclusiones: Se sugiere la posible existencia de una percepción distorsionada en algunos/as adolescentes acerca de la realidad del consumo en los/las adultos/as. Como explicación, se plantea la hipótesis de una relación entre esta percepción y la información contradictoria que reciben los/las jóvenes en materia de alcohol, la idea de ser normativos y el deseo de satisfacer sus propias necesidades hedónicas y de socialización.Objective: To identify the views of a sample of adolescents on the pattern of alcohol consumption shown by adults in their social environment. Method: A qualitative study was conducted using the method proposed by grounded theory (Glaser & Strauss, 1967). Data were collected through five discussion groups. Participants were selected by theoretical sampling in the initial and emerging phases of the study by applying criteria based on previous research. Heterogeneity-homogeneity criteria were used in the composition of the groups. The final sample consisted on 40 adolescents of both sexes between 15 and 20 years from four educational centres in Seville (Spain). Results: According to the adolescents interviewed, alcohol use was normal among adults, geared towards fun, and was linked to social gatherings and to abusive and intensive consumption including drinking spirits. Data from recent studies partly contradict adolescents' perceptions, showing a pattern of consumption in adults associated mostly with the gastronomic and social component of drink and with moderate intake of beer and wine. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that adolescents may have a distorted view of the reality of adult patterns of alcohol use. As an explanation, we hypothesize that, faced with conflicting information, adolescents prioritize the information that best fits their view of what is socially acceptable and what meets their own hedonistic and social needs.Departamento de Educación y Psicología SocialFaculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Treforest, UKPostprin

Electroencephalographic signatures of the binge drinking pattern during adolescence and young adulthood: A PRISMA-driven systematic review

Research on neurophysiological impairments associated with binge drinking (BD), an excessive but episodic alcohol use pattern, has significantly increased over the last decade. This work is the first to systematically review -following PRISMA guidelines- the empirical evidence regarding the effects of BD on neural activity -assessed by electroencephalography- of adolescents and young adults. A systematic review was conducted in 34 studies (N = 1723). Results indicated that binge drinkers (BDs) showed similar behavioral performance as non/low drinkers. The most solid electrophysiological finding was an augmented P3 amplitude during attention, working memory and inhibition tasks. This increased neural activity suggests the recruitment of additional resources to perform the task at adequate/successful levels, which supports the neurocompensation hypothesis. Similar to alcoholics, BDs also displayed increased reactivity to alcohol-related cues, augmented resting-state electrophysiological signal and reduced activity during error detection -which gives support to the continuum hypothesis. Evidence does not seem to support greater vulnerability to BD in females. Replication and longitudinal studies are required to account for mixed results and to elucidate the extent/direction of the neural impairments associated with BD.Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) through the Portuguese State Budget [Ref.: UIDB/PSI/01662/2020]. This study was also supported by the project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028672, funded by FCT and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER). Eduardo López-Caneda and Alberto Crego were supported by the FCT and the Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education, within the scope of the Individual Call to Scientific Employment Stimulus (CEECIND/02979/2018), and within the scope of the Transitory Disposition of the Decrete No. 57/2016, of 29th of August, amended by Law No. 57/2017 of 19 July, respectively. Natália Antunes was supported by a fellowship from the FCT (SFRH/BD/146194/2019). Carina Carbia has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement [grant number 754535

Design and integration of lower ports for ITER diagnostic systems

All around the ITER vacuum vessel, forty-four ports will provide access to the vacuum vessel for remotehandling operations, diagnostic systems, heating, and vacuum systems: 18 upper ports, 17 equatorialports, and 9 lower ports. Among the lower ports, three of them will be used for the remote handlinginstallation of the ITER divertor. Once the divertor is in place, these ports will host various diagnosticsystems mounted in the so-called diagnostic racks. The diagnostic racks must allow the support andcooling of the diagnostics, extraction of the required diagnostic signals, and providing access and main-tainability while minimizing the leakage of radiation toward the back of the port where the humans areallowed to enter. A fully integrated inner rack, carrying the near plasma diagnostic components, will bean stainless steel structure, 4.2 m long, with a maximum weight of 10 t. This structure brings water forcooling and baking at maximum temperature of 240?C and provides connection with gas, vacuum andelectric services. Additional racks (placed away from plasma and not requiring cooling) may be requiredfor the support of some particular diagnostic components. The diagnostics racks and its associated exvessel structures, which are in its conceptual design phase, are being designed to survive the lifetimeof ITER of 20 years. This paper presents the current state of development including interfaces, diagnos-tic integration, operation and maintenance, shielding requirements, remote handling, loads cases anddiscussion of the main challenges coming from the severe environment and engineering requirements